Bullous erythema nodosum leprosum manifesting in the post partum period with unusual features.

A 30 year old woman who presented with multiple numb patches on the body was initially diagnosed as borderline lepromatous leprosy and started on multidrug therapy for leprosy. She had an episode of Type 1 reaction during the fifth month of pregnancy. After delivery, she stopped therapy fearing harm to her child and developed an episode of Type 2 reaction. The reaction was unusual in that bullous lesions developed over previous leprosy patches which had initially become indurated, with associated neuritis. Histopathology revealed bullae with intense neutrophilic reaction and strong positivity for acid fast bacilli. There was no response to steroid therapy which was started for the reaction. Thalidomide had to be prescribed after stopping lactation by medical means. She responded dramatically to Thalidomide with regression of cutaneous lesions and neuritis. This patient is being reported as a very unusual manifestation of bullous erythema nodosum leprosum in the postpartum period responding dramatically to thalidomide.

Pyonephrosis among Patients with Pyelonephritis Admitted in Department of Nephrology and Urology of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Pyonephrosis is a severe complication of pyelonephritis leading to rapid progression to sepsis and loss of renal function resulting in nephrectomy. Early identification of pyonephrosis based on clinical or radiological characteristics amongst pyelonephritis is paramount. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pyonephrosis among patients with pyelonephritis admitted to the Department of Nephrology and Urology of a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care centre among patients with pyelonephritis from 1 July 2016 to 31 Jan 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from Institution Ethics Committee (Reference number: IEC/56/21). The available clinical, demographic and laboratory parameters were recorded from the hospital records in a predesigned proforma. A convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 550 pyelonephritis patients, the prevalence of pyonephrosis was 60 (10.9%) (8.3-13.5, 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age was 54.62±12.14 years, and 41 (68.33%) were males. The most common clinical symptom was flank pain with or without fever in 46 (76.66%) patients. Escherichia coli was the most common offending organism in 20 (33.33%). Ultrasonography showed classical echogenic debris with floaters and internal echoes in 44 (73.33%) patients. Double J stenting was successfully done in 44 (73.33%) patients. Percutaneous nephrostomy was done in the remaining 16 (26.66%) patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of pyonephrosis in pyelonephritis is similar to previous studies done in similar settings. Keywords: pyelonephritis; pyonephrosis; kidneys.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia with BCR/ABL Fusion Chimera.

Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is most commonly associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a subset of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute biphenotypic leukemia. In contrast only 1 % of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) show a consistent association with the Ph Chromosome. Before making a diagnosis of Ph + AML stringent criteria need to be applied in order to differentiate it from blast crisis stage of CML. It is important to identify this rare entity as patients who otherwise carry a poor prognosis with standard chemotherapy regimen, would benefit from therapy with imatinib mesylate. This article discusses the morphological, immunophenotype and clinical characteristics of a rare case of Ph + AML.

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the upper limb: a fascinating entity.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are defined as lymphoid neoplasms that present themselves clinically on the skin and do not have extra-cutaneous disease, when the diagnosis is made or even after 6 months of the diagnosis. Primary cutaneous lymphomas of B-cells are less frequent than lymphomas of T-cells. Primary B-cell lymphomas have a better prognosis than secondary B-cell lymphomas. Primary B-cell cutaneous lymphomas are classified into five types according to the World Health Organization and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification. The primary diffuse large B-cell cutaneous lymphoma - leg type corresponds to approximately 5-10% of the B-cell cutaneous lymphomas. It is predominantly seen in elderly people and has a female preponderance. Skin lesions can be single, multiple, and even grouped. A 5-year survival rate ranges from 36 to 100% of the cases. The expression of Bcl-2, presence of multiple lesions, and involvement of both the upper limbs lead to a worse prognosis. Very few cases have been described in the literature.