ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drops containing probiotic bacteria on the recurrence of dental caries in preschool children. The study employed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded design with two parallel arms. 38 preschool children were enrolled after comprehensive restorative treatment under general anesthesia or conscious sedation (baseline), and they were followed up after 6 and 12 months. Parents of children in the test group were instructed to give 5 daily drops containing two strains of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) at bedtime. The placebo drops were identically composed but lacked bacteria. The duration of the intervention was 12 months. The primary endpoint was recurrence of new caries lesions on subject level (yes/no), and secondary endpoints were presence of dental plaque and gingivitis. We found high rate of recurrent moderate and extensive lesions after 12 months (67%) but there were no significant differences between the groups. We observed no beneficial effects on dental plaque or gingival inflammation. The findings were however uncertain and inconclusive due to lack of power, a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. ClinTrials.gov Identifier: (NCT04929340), June 18, 2021; retrospectively registered.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Dental Caries , Dental Plaque , Probiotics , Child , Child, Preschool , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Dental Plaque/prevention & control , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , PandemicsABSTRACT
CCK is a physiological inhibitor of gastric emptying and food intake. The pancreatic peptide amylin exerts similar actions, yet its physiological importance is uncertain. Objectives were to compare the dose-dependent effects of intravenous infusion of amylin and CCK-8 on gastric emptying and food intake in rats, and to assess whether physiological doses of amylin are effective. Amylin and CCK-8 inhibited gastric emptying with mean effective doses (ED(50)s) of 3 and 35 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) and maximal inhibitions of 60 and 65%, respectively. Amylin and CCK-8 inhibited food intake with ED(50)s of 8 and 14 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) and maximal inhibitions of 78 and 69%, respectively. The minimal effective amylin dose for each effect was 1 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1). Our previous work suggests that this dose increases plasma amylin by an amount comparable to that produced by a meal. These results support the hypothesis that amylin acts as a hormonal signal to the brain to inhibit gastric emptying and food intake and that amylin produces satiety in part through inhibition of gastric emptying.
Subject(s)
Amyloid/pharmacology , Eating/drug effects , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Sincalide/pharmacology , Amyloid/administration & dosage , Animals , Gastrointestinal Agents/administration & dosage , Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacology , Infusions, Intravenous , Islet Amyloid Polypeptide , Kinetics , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sincalide/administration & dosageABSTRACT
A human IgA-radioimmunoprecipitation assay (IgA-RIPA) utilizing the galactose-binding lectin jacalin from the jack-fruit Artrocarpus integrifolia was developed. Among the human immunoglobulins, jacalin binds specifically to immunoglobulin A. The IgA-RIPA was used to characterize the serum IgA response to individual rotavirus polypeptides in nine paired sera from children (8-34 months of age) with an acute rotavirus infection. In acute sera the IgA response was mainly directed against the inner capsid proteins VP2 and VP6, with VP2 surprisingly being the most immunogenic protein while in the convalescent sera, the IgA response was directed not only against structural but also against non-structural proteins.