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1.
Inorg Chem ; 62(2): 694-705, 2023 Jan 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36602377

ABSTRACT

N,N'-Dialkylpiperazine-2,3-dithiones (R2pipdt) were recognized as a class of hexa-atomic cyclic dithiooxamide ligands with peculiar charge-transfer donor properties toward soft electron-acceptors such as noble metal cations and diiodine. The latter interaction is nowadays better described as halogen bonding. In the reaction with diiodine, R2pipdt unexpectedly provides the corresponding triiodide salts, differently from the other dithiooxamides, which instead typically achieve ligand·nI2 halogen-bonded adducts. In this paper, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study that allows elucidation of the nature of the cited products and the reasons behind the unpredictable behavior of these ligands. Specifically, low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements on a series of synthetically obtained R2pipdt (R = Me, iPr, Bz)/I3 salts, complemented by neutron diffraction experiments, were able to experimentally highlight the formation of [R2pipdtH]+ cations with a -S-H bond on the dithionic moiety. Differently, with R = Ph, a benzothiazolylium cation, resulting from an intramolecular condensation reaction of the ligand, is obtained. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a reasonable reaction mechanism where diiodine plays the fundamental role of promoting a halogen-bonding-mediated radical reaction has been proposed. In addition, the comparison of combined experimental and computational results with the corresponding reactions of N,N'-dialkylperhydrodiazepine-2,3-dithione (R2dazdt, a hepta-atomic cyclic dithiooxamide), which provide neutral halogen-bonded adducts, pointed out that the difference in the torsion angle of the free ligands represents the structural key factor in determining the different reactivities of the two systems.

2.
Inorg Chem ; 62(20): 7716-7727, 2023 May 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37163381

ABSTRACT

Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) are gaining momentum in photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), thanks to the possibility of overcoming the classical reliance on molecular oxygen of photodynamic therapy while preserving the selective drug activation by using light. However, notwithstanding the intriguing perspectives, the translation of such an approach in the development of new antimicrobials has been only barely considered. Herein, MTZH-1 and MTZH-2, two novel analogues of metronidazole (MTZ), a mainstay drug in the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections, were designed and inserted in the strained ruthenium complexes [Ru(tpy)(dmp)(MTZ-1)]PF6 (Ru2) and [Ru(tpy)(dmp)(MTZ-2)]PF6 (Ru3) (tpy = terpyridine, dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) (Chart 1). Analogously to the parental compound [Ru(tpy)(dmp)(5NIM)]PF6 (Ru1) (5-nitroimidazolate), the Ru(II)-imidazolate coordination of MTZ derivatives resulted in promising Ru(II) photocages, capable to easily unleash the bioactive ligands upon light irradiation and increase the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, which was chosen as a model of Gram-positive bacteria. The photoreleased 5-nitroimidazole-based ligands led to remarkable phototoxicities under hypoxic conditions (<1% O2), with the lead compound Ru3 that exhibited the highest potency across the series, being comparable to the one of the clinical drug MTZ. Besides, the chemical architectures of MTZ derivatives made their interaction with NimAunfavorable, being NimA a model of reductases responsible for bacterial resistance against 5-nitroimidazole-based antibiotics, thus hinting at their possible use to combat antimicrobial resistance. This work may therefore provide fundamental knowledge in the design of novel photoresponsive tools to be used in the fight against infectious diseases. For the first time, the effectiveness of the "photorelease antimicrobial therapy" under therapeutically relevant hypoxic conditions was demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Coordination Complexes , Ruthenium , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Metronidazole/pharmacology , Ruthenium/pharmacology , Ruthenium/chemistry , Ligands
3.
Inorg Chem ; 61(18): 6689-6694, 2022 May 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34793162

ABSTRACT

5-Nitroimidazole (5NIMH), chosen as a molecular model of nitroimidazole derivatives, which represent a broad-spectrum class of antimicrobials, was incorporated into the ruthenium complexes [Ru(tpy)(phen)(5NIM)]PF6 (1) and [Ru(tpy)(dmp)(5NIM)]PF6 (2) (tpy = terpyridine, phen = phenanthroline, dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). Besides the uncommon metal coordination of 5-nitroimidazole in its imidazolate form (5NIM), the different architectures of the spectator ligands (phen and dmp) were exploited to tune the "mode of action" of the resulting complexes, passing from a photostable compound where the redox properties of 5NIMH are preserved (1) to one suitable for the nitroimidazole phototriggered release (2) and whose antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, chosen as cellular model, is effectively improved upon light exposure. This study may provide a fundamental knowledge on the use of Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes to incorporate and/or photorelease biologically relevant nitroimidazole derivatives in the design of a novel class of antimicrobials.


Subject(s)
Coordination Complexes , Nitroimidazoles , Ruthenium , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/pharmacology , Ligands , Nitroimidazoles/pharmacology , Ruthenium/chemistry , Ruthenium/pharmacology
4.
Biometals ; 32(6): 949, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31745680

ABSTRACT

In the initial online publication, the given name of the first author was incorrectly displayed and should have read Damiano. The original article has been corrected and the proper representation of the authors' names and their affiliation is also listed here.

5.
Biometals ; 32(6): 939-948, 2019 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31686259

ABSTRACT

Three pseudohalide analogues of the established gold drug auranofin (AF hereafter), of general formula Au(PEt3)X, i.e. Au(PEt3)CN, Au(PEt3)SCN and Au(PEt3)N3 (respectively denoted as AFCN, AFSCN and AFN3), were prepared and characterized. The crystal structure was solved for Au(PEt3)SCN highlighting the classical linear geometry of the 2-coordinate gold(I) center. The solution behaviour of the compounds was then comparatively analysed through 31PNMR providing evidence for an acceptable stability under physiological-like conditions. Afterward, the reaction of these gold compounds with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and consequent adduct formation was investigated by 31PNMR. For all the studied gold compounds, the [Au(PEt3)]+ moiety was identified as the reactive species in metal/protein adducts formation. The cytotoxic effects of the complexes were subsequently measured in comparison to AF against a representative colorectal cancer cell line and found to be still relevant and roughly similar in the three cases though far weaker than those of AF. These results show that the nature of the anionic ligand can modulate importantly the pharmacological action of the gold-triethylphosphine moiety, affecting the cytotoxic potency. These aspects may be further explored to improve the pharmacological profiles of this family of metal complexes.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Auranofin/analogs & derivatives , Auranofin/pharmacology , Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Auranofin/chemistry , Cattle , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , HCT116 Cells , Humans , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Solutions , Tumor Cells, Cultured
6.
Biometals ; 29(5): 863-72, 2016 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27476157

ABSTRACT

In the last few years gold(III) complexes have attracted growing attention in the medicinal chemistry community as candidate anticancer agents. In particular some organogold(III) compounds manifested quite attractive pharmacological behaviors in preclinical studies. Here we compare the chemical and biological properties of the novel organogold(III) complex [Au(bipy(dmb)-H)(NH(CO)CH3)][PF6] (Aubipy(aa)) with those of its parent compounds [Au(bipy(dmb)-H)(OH)][PF6] (Aubipy(c)) and [Au2(bipy(dmb)-H)2)(µ-O)][PF6]2 (Au2bipy(c)), previously synthesized and characterized. The three study compounds were comparatively assessed for their antiproliferative actions against HCT-116 cancer cells, revealing moderate cytotoxic effects. Proapoptotic and cell cycle effects were also monitored. Afterward, to gain additional mechanistic insight, the three gold compounds were challenged against the model proteins HEWL, RNase A and cytochrome c and reactions investigated through UV-Vis and ESI-MS analysis. A peculiar and roughly invariant protein metalation profile emerges in the three cases consisting of protein binding of {Au(bipy(dmb)-H)} moieties. The implications of these results are discussed in the frame of current knowledge on anticancer gold compounds.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Organogold Compounds/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , HCT116 Cells , Humans , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Organogold Compounds/chemical synthesis , Organogold Compounds/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tumor Cells, Cultured
7.
Inorg Chem ; 53(5): 2396-403, 2014 Mar 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24547701

ABSTRACT

Two novel gold carbene compounds, namely, chlorido (1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazole-2-ylidene) gold(I) (1) and bis(1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazole-2-ylidene) gold(I) (2), were prepared and characterized as prospective anticancer drug candidates. These compounds consist of a gold(I) center linearly coordinated either to one N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and one chloride ligand (1) or to two identical NHC ligands (2). Crystal structures were solved for both compounds, the resulting structural data being in good agreement with expectations. We wondered whether the presence of two tight carbene ligands in 2 might lead to biological properties distinct from those of the monocarbene complex 1. Notably, in spite of their appreciable structural differences, these two compounds manifested similarly potent cytotoxic actions in vitro when challenged against A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells. In addition, both were able to overcome resistance to cisplatin in the A2780R line. Solution studies revealed that these gold carbene complexes are highly stable in aqueous buffers at physiological pH. Their reactivity with proteins was explored: no adduct formation was detected even upon a long incubation with the model proteins cytochrome c and lysozyme; in contrast, both compounds were able to metalate, to a large extent, the copper chaperone Atox-1, bearing a characteristic CXXC motif. The precise nature of the resulting gold-Atox-1 adducts was elucidated through ESI-MS analysis. On the basis of these findings, it is proposed that the investigated gold(I) carbene compounds are promising antiproliferative agents warranting a wider pharmacological evaluation. Most likely these gold compounds produce their potent biological effects through selective metalation and impairment of a few crucial cellular proteins.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Gold/chemistry , Methane/analogs & derivatives , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Coordination Complexes/chemical synthesis , Coordination Complexes/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Methane/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
8.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online ; 70(Pt 7): m270-1, 2014 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25161530

ABSTRACT

In the title two-dimensional coordination polymer, {[Cu2(C9H3O6)(OH)(C10H8N2)2]·3H2O} n , each of the two independent Cu(II) atoms is coordinated by a bridging OH group, two O atoms from two benzene-1,3,5-tri-carboxyl-ate (L) ligands and two N atoms from a 2,2- bi-pyridine (bipy) ligand in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. Each L ligand coordinates four Cu(II) atoms, thus forming a polymeric layer parallel to the bc plane with bipy molecules protruding up and down. The lattice water mol-ecules involved in O-H⋯· O hydrogen bonding are situated in the inner part of each layer. The crystal packing is consolidated by π-π inter-actions between the aromatic rings of bipy ligands from neigbouring layers [inter-centroid distance = 3.762 (3) Å].

9.
Nanoscale Horiz ; 8(6): 776-782, 2023 05 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36951189

ABSTRACT

Cellulose nanocrystal and gold nanoparticles are assembled, in a unique way, to yield a novel modular glyconanomaterial whose surface is then easily engineered with one or two different headgroups, by exploiting a robust click chemistry route. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by conjugating monosaccharide headgroups to the glyconanomaterial and show that the sugars retain their binding capability to C-type lectin receptors, as also directly visualized by cryo-TEM.


Subject(s)
Metal Nanoparticles , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Gold/chemistry , Cellulose/chemistry , Click Chemistry , Lectins, C-Type
10.
Inorg Chem ; 51(5): 3161-71, 2012 Mar 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22339487

ABSTRACT

A variety of gold(III) and gold(I) derivatives of 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole (pbiH) were synthesized and fully characterized and their antiproliferative properties evaluated in a representative ovarian cancer cell line. The complexes include the mononuclear species [(pbi)AuX(2)] (X = Cl, 1; OAc, 2), [(pbiH)AuCl] (3), [(pbiH)Au(PPh(3))][PF(6)] (4-PF(6)), and [(pbi)Au(L)] (L = PPh(3), 5; TPA, 6), and the binuclear gold(I)/gold(I) and gold(I)/gold(III) derivatives [(PPh(3))(2)Au(2)(µ(2)-pbi)][PF(6)] (10-PF(6)), [ClAu(µ(3)-pbi)AuCl(2)] (7),and [(PPh(3))Au(µ(3)-pbi)AuX(2)][PF(6)] (X = Cl, 8-PF(6); OAc, 9-PF(6)). The molecular structures of 6, 7, and 10-PF(6) were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The chemical behavior of these compounds in solution was analyzed both by cyclic voltammetry in DMF and absorption UV-vis spectroscopy in an aqueous buffer. Overall, the stability of these gold compounds was found to be acceptable for the cellular studies. For all complexes, relevant antiproliferative activities in vitro were documented against A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells, either resistant or sensitive to cisplatin, with IC(50) values falling in the low micromolar or even in the nanomolar range. The investigated gold compounds were found to overcome resistance to cisplatin to a large degree. Results are interpreted and discussed in the frame of current knowledge on cytotoxic and antitumor gold compounds.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Benzimidazoles/chemistry , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Organogold Compounds/chemistry , Organogold Compounds/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Female , Humans , Models, Molecular , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ovary/drug effects
11.
Dalton Trans ; 51(35): 13527-13539, 2022 Sep 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36000524

ABSTRACT

A novel gold(I) complex inspired by the known medicinal inorganic compounds auranofin and thimerosal, namely ethylthiosalicylate(triethylphosphine)gold(I) (AFETT hereafter), was synthesized and characterised and its structure was resolved through X-ray diffraction. The solution behavior of AFETT and its interactions with two biologically relevant proteins (i.e. human serum albumin and haemoglobin) and with a synthetic dodecapeptide reproducing the C-terminal portion of thioredoxin reductase were comparatively analyzed through 31P NMR and ESI-MS. Remarkable binding properties toward these biomolecules were disclosed. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects produced by AFETT on two ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and A2780 R) and one colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) were analyzed and found to be strong and nearly superimposable to those of auranofin. Interestingly, for both compounds, the ability to induce downregulation of vimentin expression in A2780 R cells was evidenced. Despite its close similarity to auranofin, AFETT is reported to exhibit some peculiar and distinctive features such as a lower lipophilicity, an increased water solubility and a faster reactivity towards the selected target biomolecules. These differences might confer to AFETT significant pharmaceutical and therapeutic advantages over auranofin itself.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Ovarian Neoplasms , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Auranofin/chemistry , Auranofin/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Female , Gold/chemistry , Humans
12.
J Inorg Biochem ; 205: 110998, 2020 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31981769

ABSTRACT

A silver(I) and a gold(I) complex of the fluorescent N-heterocyclic carbenic (NHC) ligand 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)-3-(3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynil)-benzimidazol-2-ylidene have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds show cytotoxicity in the micromolar range and higher antiproliferative properties than cisplatin (CDDP) against several tumour cell lines such as SW480 (colon), A549 (lung) and HepG2 (liver). Both metal complexes are successfully internalized by SW480 cells being the silver compound the most accumulated. Subsequently, they were evaluated as inhibitors of the selenoenzyme Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and as DNA binders. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that both protein and DNA binding could be involved in the biological activity of the compounds. The silver carbene was the most effective enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 in the nanomolar range. Also, interaction studies with natural double stranded DNA highlight a strong stabilisation of the double helix after binding to the Ag(I) carbene, indicating its potential suitability as dual-targeting anticancer active molecule.


Subject(s)
Coordination Complexes , Cytotoxins , DNA, Neoplasm , Enzyme Inhibitors , Gold , Silver , Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase , A549 Cells , Animals , Cattle , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Coordination Complexes/pharmacology , Cytotoxins/chemistry , Cytotoxins/pharmacology , DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry , DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Gold/chemistry , Gold/pharmacology , Hep G2 Cells , Humans , Methane/analogs & derivatives , Methane/chemistry , Methane/pharmacology , Rats , Silver/chemistry , Silver/pharmacology , Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase/antagonists & inhibitors , Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase/chemistry , Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase/metabolism
13.
Chemistry ; 15(44): 11985-98, 2009 Nov 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19790213

ABSTRACT

The reaction of [CpRuCl(PPh(3))(2)] (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) and [CpRuCl(dppe)] (dppe = Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2)) with bis- and tris-phosphine ligands 1,4-(Ph(2)PC[triple bond]C)(2)C(6)H(4) (1) and 1,3,5-(Ph(2)PC[triple bond]C)(3)C(6)H(3) (2), prepared by Ni-catalysed cross-coupling reactions between terminal alkynes and diphenylchlorophosphine, has been investigated. Using metal-directed self-assembly methodologies, two linear bimetallic complexes, [{CpRuCl(PPh(3))}(2)(mu-dppab)] (3) and [{CpRu(dppe)}(2)(mu-dppab)](PF(6))(2) (4), and the mononuclear complex [CpRuCl(PPh(3))(eta(1)-dppab)] (6), which contains a "dangling arm" ligand, were prepared (dppab =1,4-bis[(diphenylphosphino)ethynyl]benzene). Moreover, by using the triphosphine 1,3,5-tris[(diphenylphosphino)ethynyl]benzene (tppab), the trimetallic [{CpRuCl(PPh(3))}(3)(mu(3)-tppab)] (5) species was synthesised, which is the first example of a chiral-at-ruthenium complex containing three different stereogenic centres. Besides these open-chain complexes, the neutral cyclic species [{CpRuCl(mu-dppab)}(2)] (7) was also obtained under different experimental conditions. The coordination chemistry of such systems towards supramolecular assemblies was tested by reaction of the bimetallic precursor 3 with additional equivalents of ligand 2. Two rigid macrocycles based on cis coordination of dppab to [CpRu(PPh(3))] were obtained, that is, the dinuclear complex [{CpRu(PPh(3))(mu-dppab)}(2)](PF(6))(2) (8) and the tetranuclear square [{CpRu(PPh(3))(mu-dppab)}(4)](PF(6))(4) (9). The solid-state structures of 7 and 8 have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and show a different arrangement of the two parallel dppab ligands. All compounds were characterised by various methods including ESIMS, electrochemistry and by X-band ESR spectroscopy in the case of the electrogenerated paramagnetic species.

14.
Inorg Chem ; 48(13): 5901-12, 2009 Jul 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19432470

ABSTRACT

Two Zn(II)-dinuclear systems were studied as receptors for phosphates; they were obtained by using the two polyamino-phenolic ligands 3,3'-bis[N,N-bis(2-aminoethyl)aminomethyl]-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl (L1) and 2,6-bis[N,N-bis(2-aminoethyl)aminomethyl]phenol (L2) in which the difference lies in the spacers between the two dien units, biphenol or phenol in L1 and L2, respectively. The metallo-receptors obtained are able to selectively discriminate phosphate (Pi) from pyrophosphate (PPi) and vice versa in aqueous solution in a wide range of pH (6 < pH < 10). The L1 receptor system shows selectivity toward PPi over Pi, and on the contrary the L2 system exhibits opposite selectivity. This different selectivity is ascribed to the different Zn(II)-Zn(II) distances between the two metal centers which, showing a similar coordination requirement and binding phosphate in a bridge disposition, fit in a different way with the different guests. Furthermore, NMR studies supported the model of interaction proposed between guests and receptors, highlighting that they are also able to bind biological phosphates such as G6P and ATP at physiological pH. Fluorescence studies showed that the receptor system based on L1 is able to signal the presence in solution of Pi and PPi at physiological pH; the presence of Pi is detected by a quenching of the emission, that of PPi by an enhancement of it. With the aid of an external colored sensor (PCV), the receptors were then used to produce simple signaling systems for phosphates based on the displacement method; the two chemosensors obtained are able to signal and quantify these anions at physiological pH, preserving the selectivity between phosphate and pyrophosphate and extending it to G6P and ATP.


Subject(s)
Phenols/chemistry , Phosphates/analysis , Polyamines/chemistry , Water/chemistry , Zinc/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
15.
ChemMedChem ; 14(1): 182-188, 2019 01 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30444581

ABSTRACT

The silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex bis(1-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-3-ethylimidazol-2-ylidene) silver chloride ([Ag(EIA)2 ]Cl), bearing two anthracenyl fluorescent probes, has been synthesized and characterized. [Ag(EIA)2 ]Cl is stable in organic solvents and under physiological conditions, and shows potent cytotoxic effects in vitro toward human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The interactions of [Ag(EIA)2 ]Cl with a few model biological targets have been studied as well as its ability to be internalized in cells. The in vitro anticancer activity is apparently related to the level of drug internalization. Notably, [Ag(EIA)2 ]Cl does not react with a few model proteins, but is capable of binding the C-terminal dodecapeptide of thioredoxin reductase hTrxR(488-499) and to strongly inhibit the activity of this enzyme. Binding occurs through an unconventional process leading to covalent binding of one or two carbene ligands to the C-terminal dodecapeptide with concomitant release of the silver cation. To the best of our knowledge, this mode of interaction is reported here for the first time for Ag(NHC)2 complexes.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Fluorescent Dyes/pharmacology , Methane/analogs & derivatives , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology , Silver Compounds/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Fluorescent Dyes/chemical synthesis , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Humans , Methane/chemistry , Methane/pharmacology , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Organometallic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Silver Compounds/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tumor Cells, Cultured
16.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; (47): 6381-3, 2008 Dec 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19048162

ABSTRACT

A metastable copper(II) 3D hybrid with 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy) and P,P'-diphenylethylenediphosphinate (pc2p(2-)) undergoes a spontaneous, quantitative, transformation to a stable 2D polymorphic species either spontaneously in water, or after thermal dehydration followed by hydration.

17.
Inorg Chem ; 47(15): 6633-44, 2008 Aug 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18597415

ABSTRACT

In this work we present the investigation of the influence of electronic and structural variations induced by varying the N,N'-bridge on the magnetic properties of Cu(II)- bis(oxamato) complexes. For this study the complexes [Cu(opba)] (2-) ( 1, opba = o-phenylene- bis(oxamato)), [Cu(nabo)] (2-) ( 2, nabo = 2,3-naphthalene- bis(oxamato)), [Cu(acbo)] (2-) ( 3, acbo = 2,3-anthrachinone- bis(oxamato)), [Cu(pba)] (2-) ( 4, pba = propylene- bis(oxamato)), [Cu(obbo)] (2-) ( 5, obbo = o-benzyl- bis(oxamato)), and [Cu(npbo)] (2-) ( 6, npbo = 1,8-naphthalene- bis(oxamato)), and the respective structurally isomorphic Ni(II) complexes ( 8- 13) have been prepared as ( (n)Bu 4N) (+) salts. The new complex ( (n)Bu 4N) 2[Cu(R-bnbo)].2H 2O ( 7, R-bnbo = (R)-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'- bis(oxamato)) was synthesized and is the first chiral complex in the series of Cu(II)-bis(oxamato) complexes. The molecular structure of 7 has been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The Cu(II) ions of the complexes 1- 7 are eta (4)(kappa (2) N, kappa (2) O) coordinated with a more or less distorted square planar geometry for 1- 6 and a distorted tetrahedral geometry for 7. Using pulsed Electron Nuclear Double Resonance on complex 6, detailed information about the relative orientation of the hyperfine ( A) and nuclear quadrupole tensors ( Q) of the coordinating nitrogens with respect to the g tensor were obtained. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance studies in the X, Q, and W-band at variable temperatures were carried out to extract g and A values of N ligands and Cu ion for 1- 7. The hyperfine values were interpreted in terms of spin population on the corresponding atoms. The obtained trends of the spin population for the monomeric building blocks were shown to correlate to the trends obtained in the dependence of the exchange interaction of the corresponding trinuclear complexes on their geometry.


Subject(s)
Copper/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Oxamic Acid/chemistry , Absorption , Circular Dichroism , Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy , Quantum Theory , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Temperature
18.
J Inorg Biochem ; 102(5-6): 995-1006, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18289690

ABSTRACT

There is considerable interest today for the reactions of anticancer metallodrugs with proteins as these interactions might feature processes that are crucial for the biodistribution, the toxicity and even the mechanism of action of this important group of anticancer agents. We survey here the results of research activities carried out in our "Laboratory of Metals in Medicine" (Department of Chemistry, University of Florence) during the last three years, concerning the molecular characterisation of adducts formed between platinum, ruthenium and gold metallodrugs and a few model proteins. Valuable structural and functional information on these adducts could be derived from several biophysical studies mainly relying on the application of X-ray diffraction and ESI MS techniques. The value and the limitations of both approaches are outlined through a number of examples. Remarkably, the structural and functional information achieved on the respective metallodrug-protein adducts allowed us to identify some general trends in the reactivity of anticancer metallodrugs with protein targets.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Metals/chemistry , Proteins/chemistry , Animals , Binding Sites , Crystallography, X-Ray , Cytochromes c/chemistry , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/analogs & derivatives , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/chemistry , Gold Compounds/chemistry , Humans , Models, Molecular , Muramidase/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Platinum Compounds/chemistry , Protein Binding , Ruthenium/chemistry , Ruthenium Compounds , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Superoxide Dismutase/chemistry , Ubiquitin/chemistry
19.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; (43): 4540-2, 2007 Nov 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17971982

ABSTRACT

Structural analysis of the first steps of isotactic CO/p-methylstyrene copolymerisation, catalysed by aryl-alpha-diimine Pd(II) complexes, highlights the influence of steric effects on the stereoselectivity of olefin insertion.

20.
Materials (Basel) ; 10(2)2017 Feb 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28772539

ABSTRACT

The mixed Co(II)/Ni(II) complex, [Co2.67Ni1.33L4(CH3COO)2][BPh4]2·0.75H2O where HL = 4-(salicylaldimine)antipyrine, was isolated as an orange solid from the reaction of 4-(salicylaldimine)antipyrine, with mixed cobalt(II) acetate and nickel(II) acetate in ethanol. The complex was characterized by Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR), UltraViolet Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray single crystal diffraction, and by elemental analysis. The complex is composed of two symmetry independent cationic units, A and B. The two units are essentially isostructural; nevertheless, small differences exist between them. The units contain four metal atoms, arranged at the corners of a distorted cubane-like core alternately with phenoxy oxygen of the Schiff base. The overall eight corners occupied by metal ions in the asymmetric unit are shared between cobalt and nickel in a 5.33:2.67 ratio. Each metal divalent cation binds three coordinated sites from the corresponding tridentate Schiff base ligand, the fourth one is bound by the acetate oxygen, the fifth and the sixth donor sites come from the phenolate oxygens of other Schiff base ligands. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds join the complexes to the water molecules present in the crystal packing. The magnetic characterization was carried out for this new complex and for its isostructural counterpart containing only cobalt ions. The magnetic measurements for the cobalt(II)/nickel(II) mixed compound indicate either antiferromagnetic interactions among the two cubanes or an anisotropic contribution, whereas a ferromagnetic interaction is observed within the cubane, for both the complexes, as expected by geometrical considerations. A comparison between the magnetic properties of the pure cobalt(II) derivative and similar systems discussed in literature, is presented.

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