ABSTRACT
Phytohormones play indispensable roles in plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phytohormone-mediated regulation of fiber secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) remain largely underexplored. Here, we provide mechanistic evidence for functional interplay between the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor GhERF108 and auxin response factors GhARF7-1 and GhARF7-2 in dictating the ethylene-auxin signaling crosstalk that regulates fiber SCW biosynthesis. Specifically, in vitro cotton ovule culture revealed that ethylene and auxin promote fiber SCW deposition. GhERF108 RNA interference (RNAi) cotton displayed remarkably reduced cell wall thickness compared with controls. GhERF108 interacted with GhARF7-1 and GhARF7-2 to enhance the activation of the MYB transcription factor gene GhMYBL1 (MYB domain-like protein 1) in fibers. GhARF7-1 and GhARF7-2 respond to auxin signals that promote fiber SCW thickening. GhMYBL1 RNAi and GhARF7-1 and GhARF7-2 virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) cotton displayed similar defects in fiber SCW formation as GhERF108 RNAi cotton. Moreover, the ethylene and auxin responses were reduced in GhMYBL1 RNAi plants. GhMYBL1 directly binds to the promoters of GhCesA4-1, GhCesA4-2, and GhCesA8-1 and activates their expression to promote cellulose biosynthesis, thereby boosting fiber SCW formation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the collaboration between GhERF108 and GhARF7-1 or GhARF7-2 establishes ethylene-auxin signaling crosstalk to activate GhMYBL1, ultimately leading to the activation of fiber SCW biosynthesis.
Subject(s)
Cotton Fiber , Transcription Factors , Transcription Factors/genetics , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Gossypium/genetics , Gossypium/metabolism , Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism , Ethylenes/metabolism , Cell Wall/metabolismABSTRACT
Acetylation and deacetylation of histones are important for regulating a series of biological processes in plants. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) control the histone deacetylation that plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. In our study, we show the evidence that GhHDT4D (a member of the HD2 subfamily of HDACs) is involved in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) response to drought stress. Overexpression of GhHDT4D in Arabidopsis increased plant tolerance to drought, whereas silencing GhHDT4D in cotton resulted in plant sensitivity to drought. Simultaneously, the H3K9 acetylation level was altered in the GhHDT4D silenced cotton, compared with the controls. Further study revealed that GhHDT4D suppressed the transcription of GhWRKY33, which plays a negative role in cotton defense to drought, by reducing its H3K9 acetylation level. The expressions of the stress-related genes, such as GhDREB2A, GhDREB2C, GhSOS2, GhRD20-1, GhRD20-2 and GhRD29A, were significantly decreased in the GhHDT4D silenced cotton, but increased in the GhWRKY33 silenced cotton. Given these data together, our findings suggested that GhHDT4D may enhance drought tolerance by suppressing the expression of GhWRKY33, thereby activating the downstream drought response genes in cotton.
Subject(s)
Droughts , Gossypium/metabolism , Histone Deacetylases/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Acetylation , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Gene Silencing , Gossypium/genetics , Histone Deacetylases/genetics , Histones/genetics , Histones/metabolism , Phylogeny , Plants, Genetically Modified , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Stress, Physiological/genetics , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Anther/pollen development is a highly programmed process in flowering plants. However, the molecular mechanism of regulating anther/pollen development is still largely unclear so far. Here, we report a cotton WRKY transcription factor (GhWRKY22) that functions in anther/pollen development. Quantitative RT-PCR and GUS activity analyses revealed that GhWRKY22 is predominantly expressed in the late developing anther/pollen of cotton. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GhWRKY22 displayed the male fertility defect with the fewer viable pollen grains. Expression of the genes involved in jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis was up-regulated, whereas expression of the JA-repressors (JAZ1 and JAZ8) was down-regulated in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GhWRKY22, compared with those in wild type. Yeast one-hybrid and ChIP-qPCR assays demonstrated that GhWRKY22 modulated the expression of JAZ genes by directly binding to their promoters for regulating anther/pollen development. Yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that GhMYB24 could interact with GhJAZ8-A and GhJAZ13-A. Furthermore, expression of AtMYB24, AtPAL2 and AtANS2 was enhanced in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, owing to GhWRKY22 overexpression. Taking the data together, our results suggest that GhWRKY22 acts as a transcriptional repressor to regulate anther/pollen development possibly by modulating the expression of the JAZ genes.
Subject(s)
Gossypium/metabolism , Pollen/physiology , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Cyclopentanes/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genes, Plant , Hypocotyl/metabolism , Oxylipins/metabolism , Phenotype , Plant Infertility/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Stems/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Seeds/metabolism , Transcriptional Activation , Transgenes , Two-Hybrid System TechniquesABSTRACT
Youxian sheldrake is excellent native breeds in Hunan province in China. The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence plays an important role in the accurate determination of phylogenetic relationships among metazoans. This is the first study to determine the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Youxian sheldrake using PCR-based amplification and Sanger sequencing. The characteristic of the entire mitochondrial genome was analyzed in detail, the total length of the mitogenome is 16,605 bp, with the base composition of 29.21% A, 22.18% T, 32.84% C, 15.77% G in the Youxian sheldrake. It contained 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a major non-coding control region (D-loop region). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Youxian sheldrake provided an important data for further study of the phylogenetics of poultry, and available data for the genetics and breeding.
Subject(s)
DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Ducks/genetics , Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics , Mitochondria/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary , Animals , Base Composition/genetics , Base Sequence , China , Codon, Initiator/genetics , Codon, Terminator/genetics , Genome Size/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , RNA, Transfer/geneticsABSTRACT
Huang Lang chicken is the native breed of Hunan province in China. The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence plays an important role in the accurate determination of phylogenetic relationships among metazoans. It is the first time that the complete mt genome sequence of the Huang Lang chicken was reported in this work, which was determined through the polymerase chain reaction-based method. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,786 bp, with the base composition of 30.25% for A, 23.71% for T, 32.53% for C and 13.51% for G, in the order C > A > T > G feature occurs in the Huang Lang chicken. It contains the typical structure, including two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop region). The complete mt genome sequence of the Huang Lang chicken provided an important data for further study on the genetic mechanism.
Subject(s)
Chickens/genetics , Genome, Mitochondrial , Animals , Base Composition/genetics , Base Pairing/genetics , Base Sequence , Open Reading Frames/genetics , RNA, Transfer/geneticsABSTRACT
Taoyuan chicken is excellent native breeds in China. This study firstly determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Taoyuan chicken using PCR-based amplification and Sanger sequencing. The characteristic of the entire mitochondrial genome was analyzed in detail, with the base composition of 30.26% A, 23.79% T, 32.44% C, 13.50% G in the Taoyuan chicken (16,784 bp in length). It contained 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a major non-coding control region (D-loop region). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Taoyuan chicken will be useful for the phylogenetics of poultry, and be available as basic data for the genetics and breeding.
Subject(s)
Chickens/genetics , Genome, Mitochondrial , Animals , Base Composition , DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Genes, Mitochondrial , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , RNA, Transfer/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Linwu mallard is an excellent native breeds from Hunan province in China. This is the first study to determine the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of L. mallard using PCR-based amplification and Sanger sequencing. The characteristic of the entire mitochondrial genome was analyzed in detail, with the base composition of 29.19% A, 22.19% T, 32.83% C, 15.79% G in the L. mallard (16,605 bp in length). It contained 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a major non-coding control region (D-loop region). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of L. mallard will be useful for the phylogenetics of poultry, and be available as basic data for the genetics and breeding.