The effect of chronic high-intensity interval training programs on glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is an increasing health problem worldwide. HIIT has been proposed as an exercise alternative to be part of integral type 2 diabetes treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of different types of chronic HIIT on glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and body composition in individuals above 18 years with T2D. DESIGN: This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO on November 21st, 2021. DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search of the following databases: EbscoHost (Academic Search Ultimate, Fuente Académica Plus, MEDline and SportDiscus), Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE between April of 2021 and April of 2023 was conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Eligibility criteria included (1) participants aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, (2) an HIIT protocol with detailed description, (3) control group and/or continuous aerobic training comparison group, (4) report of pre-test and post-test values for at least one of the studied variables (from glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and/or body composition), and (5) experimental or quasi-experimental intervention design. ANALYSES: Meta-analysis was made by a pre-post-test between-group analysis following the inverse variance heterogeneity model for each variable, and then, a subgroup analysis by type of HIIT was conducted. RESULTS: Of the 2817 records obtained, 180 records were included for meta-analysis. Significant improvements were found in the most part of the variables when HIIT was compared to control group, while fat-free mass kept without changes. HIIT vs. continuous aerobic training results showed and advantage in favor of HIIT for fasting blood glycemia. Subgroup analysis refers a possible advantage of SI-HIIT and SIT-HIIT in the improvement of fasting glycemia and SIT-HIIT advantage in HOMA 1-IR decrease. CONCLUSIONS: HIIT improves glycaemic control, aerobic resistance, and % fat and waist circumference, and kept fat-free mass unchanged in individuals with T2D. SI-HIIT and SIT-HIIT could be better than the other types of HIIT. HIIT benefit is similar to continuous aerobic training except for fasting blood glycemia.

[Assessment of the diet of school children from Granada and influence of social factors]. / Valoración de la dieta de escolares granadinos e influencia de factores sociales.

INTRODUCTION: To perform a balanced diet adapted to the needs of the different life stages is important for a correct peopleís physical and psychological growth, preventing disease, and obtaining an optimal health status. The industrialized society is characterized by unbalanced energy balance due to an increase of energy intake through foods and decreased energy waste with increased SFA consumption. OBJECTIVE: To assess average dietary intake and how certain demographical and socio-economic factors have an influence on dietary habits of a sample of schoolchildren from Granada city. METHODS: The study population comprises 3,190 children and adolescents schooled at Granada city, with ages comprised between 8 and 15 years. A previously validated specific questionnaire was created including lifestyle habits, dietary habits, 24-hour recall, and frequency of foods consumption. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The average caloric ingestion in this population is higher than the predicted average waste recommended by WHO, with higher energy values being found in males. The caloric profile found in our sample is clearly unbalanced. The main protein sources were meats and dairy products. There were high intakes of SFA, PUFA, and cholesterol, markedly surpassing the recommended values. Vitamin E intake did not reach the daily recommended values. With regards to dietary habits, the study population spends less than 30 minutes for breakfast and about half an hour for lunch and dinner, those spending more time for meals having the highest energy and proteins intake.

[Exposure of phytoestrogens intake through diet in a sample of females]. / Estimación de la ingesta de fitoestrógenos en población femenina.

INTRODUCTION: The phytoestrogens are naturally occurring compounds that are part of many foods of plant origin and could therefore modulate aspects related hormones, such as type of antioxidant reactions, learning about intakes of these compounds in different populations clarify important aspects on their responses on the human body. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the exposure of phytoestrogens through diet, in a sample of women of all ages belonging to the university community (teachers, students and administrative), residents in the province of Granada, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 52 adult females, aged between 20 and 63 years completed a questionnaire individually Frequency of Food Consumption (FFQ) composed of a total of 144 foods. It weighted the total daily consumption of phytoestrogens standardizing these values referring to the daidzein as substance pattern (mg/day). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), with a level of significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The results show that the total intake of phytoestrogens was (0.89 mg/day), and most of phytoestrogens was consumed in the form of lignanos. The total consumption of isoflavones, was 0.12 mg/day, of lignanos was 1.32 mg/day intake coumestrol was not significative. A linear regression analysis determined the equation to calculate intake phytoestrogens took into account 9 food groups (R: 0.918; p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Average intake of phytoestrogens in Spain, is comparable to intakes reported by similar studies in Germany, England and the United States (< 1 mg/ day). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the intake of phytoestrogens, when comparing results by age, educational level, marital status or physical activity. The intake of phytoestrogens (mg/day) can be estimated from the intake (g/day) from 9 food groups.

Assessment of the estrogenicity of the diet of a healthy female Spanish population based on its isoflavone content.

Phytoestrogens are natural components of plants consumed by humans. The hormonal activity of these substances has long been known. Various in vitro tests have demonstrated the agonistic or antagonistic estrogenic activity of some phytoestrogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the supply of isoflavones in the diet of a healthy adult female population and to assess its estrogenic effect. The diet was assessed by questionnaire and the estrogenicity of the estimated isoflavone content was tested by E-screen, finding a mean total estrogenic capacity of 0.129 × 10⁻¹° eq.E2 (12.9 pmol day⁻¹), corresponding to a daily isoflavone intake of 265.8 µg day⁻¹. This study offers a preliminary insight into the phytoestrogen content of the diet of a healthy active population of Spanish women. The effects of this additional hormonal burden are highly controversial, and this approach to estimating dietary phytoestrogen intake of specific populations may help to elucidate its implications for human health.

Valoración de la dieta de escolares granadinos e influencia de factores Socials / Assessment of the diet of school children from Granada and influence of social factors

Introducción: Realizar una dieta equilibrada y adaptada a las necesidades de las diferentes etapas de la vida es importante para un adecuado crecimiento físico y psicológico de la persona, para prevenir enfermedades y para obtener un óptimo estado de salud. La sociedad industrializada se caracteriza por un desequilibrio en el balance energético, debido a un aumento en el aporte de energía a través de los alimentos y una disminución en el gasto energético con aumento en el consumo de AGS. Objetivo: evaluar la ingesta media de la dieta y cómo influyen ciertos factores demográficos y socioeconómicos en los hábitos alimentarios en un colectivo de escolares de Granada capital. Métodos: La población objeto de estudio son 3.190 niños y adolescentes escolarizados en la ciudad de Granada, en edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 15 años. Para el estudio se confeccionó una encuesta de hábitos de vida, dietéticos, recuerdo de 24 horas y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos previamente validada. Resultados y discusión: Esta población tiene una ingesta calórica media superior al gasto teórico medio dictado por la OMS, encontrándose valores superiores de energía en los varones. El perfil calórico encontrado en nuestro colectivo es claramente desequilibrado. Las principales fuentes de proteínas fueron las carnes y lácteos. Ingestas elevadas de AGS, AGP, y colesterol sobrepasando notablemente las cifras recomendables. La ingesta de vitamina E no alcanzan las recomendaciones diarias emplean. En hábitos dietéticos, la población en estudio usa menos de media hora en desayunar y alrededor demedia hora en la comida de medio día y la cena, relacionándose aquellos que emplean más tiempo en las comidas con una mayor ingesta de energía y proteínas (AU)

Introduction: To perform a balanced diet adapted to the needs of the different life stages is important for a correct people is physical and psychological growth, preventing disease, and obtaining an optimal health status. The industrialized society is characterized by unbalanced energy balance due to an increase of energy in take through foods and decreased energy waste with increased SFA consumption. Objective: To assess average dietary intake and how certain demographical and socio-economic factors have an influence on dietary habits of a sample of schoolchildren from Granada city. Methods: The study population comprises 3,190 children and adolescents schooled at Granada city, with ages comprised between 8 and 15 years. A previously validated specific questionnaire was created including lifestyle habits, dietary habits, 24-hour recall, and frequency of foods consumption. Results and discussion: The average caloric ingestion in this population is higher than the predicted average waste recommended by WHO, with higher energy values being found in males. The caloric profile found in our sample is clearly unbalanced. The main protein sources were meats and dairy products. There were high intakes of SFA,PUFA, and cholesterol, markedly surpassing the recommended values. Vitamin E intake did not reach the daily recommended values. With regards to dietary habits, the study population spends less than 30 minutes for breakfast and about half an hour for lunch and dinner, those spending more time for meals having the highest energy and proteins intake (AU)

Estimación de la ingesta de fitoestrógenos en población femenina / Exposure of phytoestrogens intake through diet in a sample of females

Introducción: Los fitoestrógenos son compuestos naturales que forman parte de numerosos alimentos de origen vegetal y que podrían modular tanto aspectos relacionados con hormonas, como reacciones de tipo antioxidante, por lo que conocer las ingestas de estos compuestos en diferentes poblaciones aclararía aspectos importantes sobre sus respuestas en el organismo. Objetivo: Valorar la exposición de fitoestrógenos por medio de la dieta, en una muestra de mujeres de todas las edades pertenecientes a la comunidad universitaria (docentes, administrativas y estudiantes), residentes en la provincia de Granada, España. Material y método: 52 mujeres adultas, con edades entre 20 y 63 años completaron individualmente un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (FFQ) compuesto por un total de 144 alimentos. Se ponderó el consumo diario de fitoestrógenos totales estandarizando los valores refiriendo estos a la daidzeína como sustancia patrón (mg/día). El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), con un nivel de significancia de p < 0,05. Resultados: Muestran que la ingesta total de fitoestrógenos referidos a la daizdeína fue de 0,89 mg/día, y la mayor parte de fitoestrogenos fue consumido en forma de lignanos. El consumo total de isoflavonas, fue de 0,12 mg/día, el de lignanos fue de 1,32 mg/día y la ingesta de coumestrol no fue significativa. Un Análisis de Regresión Lineal, determinó la ecuación para calcular la ingesta de fitoestrógenos, tomando en cuenta 9 grupos de alimentos (R: 0,918; p < 0,001). Discusión: La ingesta media de fitoestrógenos en España, es comparable con las ingestas descritas por estudios similares en Alemania, Inglaterra y Estados Unidos (< 1 mg/d). Conclusiones: No existen diferencias significativas en la ingesta de fitoestrógenos, cuando se compara la muestra por edad, nivel educativo, actividad física o estado civil. La ingesta de fitoestrógenos (mg/día) puede ser estimada a partir de la ingesta (g/día) de 9 grupos de alimentos (AU)

Introduction: The phytoestrogens are naturally occurring compounds that are part of many foods of plant origin and could therefore modulate aspects related hormones, such as type of antioxidant reactions, learning about intakes of these compounds in different populations clarify important aspects on their responses on the human body. Objective: To evaluate the exposure of phytoestrogens through diet, in a sample of women of all ages belonging to the university community (teachers, students and administrative), residents in the province of Granada,Spain. Material and method: 52 adult females, aged between 20 and 63 years completed a questionnaire individually Frequency of Food Consumption (FFQ) composed of a total of 144 foods. It weighted the total daily consumption of phytoestrogens standardizing these values referring to the daidzein as substance pattern (mg/day). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), with a level of significance of p < 0.05. Results: The results show that the total intake of phytoestrogens was (0.89 mg/day), and most of phytoestrogens was consumed in the form of lignanos. The total consumption of isoflavones, was 0.12 mg/day, of lignanos was 1.32 mg/day intake coumestrol was not significative. A linear regression analysis determined the equation to calculate intake phytoestrogens took into account 9 food groups (R: 0.918; p < 0.001). Discussion: Average intake of phytoestrogens in Spain, is comparable to intakes reported by similar studies in Germany, England and the United States (< 1 mg/ day). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the intake of phytoestrogens, when comparing results by age, educational level, marital status or physical activity. The intake of phytoestrogens (mg/day) can be estimated from the intake (g/day) from 9 food groups (AU)