ABSTRACT
The decision whether to perform an elective neck dissection in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and clinically negative lymph nodes (cN0) is made based on the probability of micrometastases in the neck for the given subsite and size of the primary. A retrospective chart review was performed of 203 patients with hypopharyngeal SCC who received a bilateral neck dissection. The frequency of histologically unveiled bilateral neck metastases was determined. A high frequency of contralateral metastases above 20% was detected for all carcinomas affecting the midline and those involving the medial wall of the pyriform sinus except of T1-stages (13%) and a low frequency for laterally located primaries (3%). Ipsilateral nodal status predicted contralateral neck metastases. Bilateral neck dissection should be recommended for primaries affecting the midline and T2-4 tumors involving the medial wall of the pyriform sinus.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Neck Dissection , Neoplasm Micrometastasis/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Female , Humans , Hypopharynx/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Probability , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this work is the investigation of measures of ambulatory brachial and aortic blood pressure and indices of arterial stiffness and aortic wave reflection in Marfan patients. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted including patients with diagnosed Marfan syndrome following Ghent2 nosology and healthy controls matched for sex, age and daytime brachial systolic blood pressure. For each subject a 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and 24 h pulse wave analysis measurement was performed. RESULTS: All parameters showed a circadian pattern whereby pressure dipping was more pronounced in Marfan patients. During daytime only Marfan patients with aortic root surgery showed increased pulse wave velocity. In contrast, various nighttime measurements, wave reflection determinants and circadian patterns showed a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study provide evidence that ambulatory measurement of arterial stiffness parameters is feasible and that these determinants are significantly different in Marfan syndrome patients compared to controls in particular at nighttime. Further investigation is therefore indicated.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Blood Pressure , Circadian Rhythm , Marfan Syndrome/diagnosis , Marfan Syndrome/physiopathology , Vascular Stiffness , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Predictive Value of Tests , Pulse Wave Analysis , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Chilblains/diagnosis , Chilblains/genetics , Exodeoxyribonucleases/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/genetics , Phosphoproteins/genetics , Chilblains/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Heterozygote , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Male , Pedigree , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Rare Diseases , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
In bone marrow trephines, morphological and immunohistochemical criteria may not be sufficient to discriminate reactive from malignant lymphoid infiltrates. The aim of this study was to determine whether the detection of clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangements is a reliable and specific marker for malignant B-cell clones in bone marrow biopsies. Bone marrow trephines with infiltration by different types of low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 32), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (n = 18), and reactive lymphoid aggregates (n = 15), including 5 patients with rheumatoid or other autoimmune disorders, were analyzed by morphology, immunohistochemistry, IGH gene rearrangement (polymerase chain reaction), and DNA sequence analysis in selected cases. In 22 (68.8%) of 32 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a clonal IGH gene rearrangement was detected. Of the reactive cases, 1 of 18 patients with lymphoid hyperplasia demonstrated clonality, and 9 (60%) of 15 patients with reactive lymphoid aggregates gave a clonal result (GeneScan analysis). DNA sequence analysis was performed in 7 of the latter patients confirming clonality in 6. Four of the patients with B-cell clonality had an autoimmune disorder. None of these patients developed a malignant lymphoma during follow-up. Thus, the molecular detection of a clonal rearrangement of the IGH gene may support the diagnosis of a malignant lymphoma infiltrating the bone marrow. However, morphologically and immunohistochemically benign lymphoid aggregates might also harbor B-cell clones especially in patients with autoimmune disorders. Therefore, the detection of clonality has to be interpreted with utmost care and does not qualify for the unequivocal diagnosis of a malignant B-cell lymphoma.