Body Dissatisfaction, Distorted Body Image and Disordered Eating Behaviors in University Students: An Analysis from 2017-2022.

University students, as young adults, are at risk for Body Dissatisfaction (BD) and Distorted Body Image (DBI), which are related to Disordered Eating Behaviors (DEBs). This study aimed to assess changes in the prevalence of these three conditions over six years; and the associations between them. Data was collected through an annual online survey from 2017 to 2022 at a private university in Mexico City. Students between 18-30 years old were invited to participate. Body image-related variables were assessed by the Stunkard's Silhouettes and Body Mass Index, by self-reported height and weight. Disordered Eating Behaviors were measured by the Brief Disordered Eating Behaviors Questionnaire. A median of 250 students participated per year, with a median age of 21 years old. The prevalence was 63.5-71.7% for BD, 40.4-49.1% for DBI, and 25-38.3% for DEBs. DEBs and BD showed associations during the whole period (OR from 3.6 to 15.9, p ≤ 0.001); as well as DBI with DEBs (OR from 1.9 to 3.3, p < 0.05). Alterations in Body Image and eating behaviors are common conditions, mainly in women and in the young population. Therefore, it is important to promote screening for these conditions, as they usually remain undiagnosed, their prevalence is increasing worldwide, and their impact on physical and mental health has already been acknowledged.

Th1 and Th17 hypercytokinemia as early host response signature in severe pandemic influenza.

INTRODUCTION: Human host immune response following infection with the new variant of A/H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (nvH1N1) is poorly understood. We utilize here systemic cytokine and antibody levels in evaluating differences in early immune response in both mild and severe patients infected with nvH1N1. METHODS: We profiled 29 cytokines and chemokines and evaluated the haemagglutination inhibition activity as quantitative and qualitative measurements of host immune responses in serum obtained during the first five days after symptoms onset, in two cohorts of nvH1N1 infected patients. Severe patients required hospitalization (n = 20), due to respiratory insufficiency (10 of them were admitted to the intensive care unit), while mild patients had exclusively flu-like symptoms (n = 15). A group of healthy donors was included as control (n = 15). Differences in levels of mediators between groups were assessed by using the non parametric U-Mann Whitney test. Association between variables was determined by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient. Viral load was performed in serum by using real-time PCR targeting the neuraminidase gene. RESULTS: Increased levels of innate-immunity mediators (IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1beta), and the absence of anti-nvH1N1 antibodies, characterized the early response to nvH1N1 infection in both hospitalized and mild patients. High systemic levels of type-II interferon (IFN-gamma) and also of a group of mediators involved in the development of T-helper 17 (IL-8, IL-9, IL-17, IL-6) and T-helper 1 (TNF-alpha, IL-15, IL-12p70) responses were exclusively found in hospitalized patients. IL-15, IL-12p70, IL-6 constituted a hallmark of critical illness in our study. A significant inverse association was found between IL-6, IL-8 and PaO2 in critical patients. CONCLUSIONS: While infection with the nvH1N1 induces a typical innate response in both mild and severe patients, severe disease with respiratory involvement is characterized by early secretion of Th17 and Th1 cytokines usually associated with cell mediated immunity but also commonly linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. The exact role of Th1 and Th17 mediators in the evolution of nvH1N1 mild and severe disease merits further investigation as to the detrimental or beneficial role these cytokines play in severe illness.

Prolonged intubation rates after coronary artery bypass surgery and ICU risk stratification score.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prolonged intubation rates among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, and to evaluate the ability of the Intensive Care Unit Risk Stratification Score (ICURSS) model to predict these events. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: A 24-bed ICU in a tertiary referral university hospital. PATIENTS: Five hundred sixty-nine patients undergoing CABG surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Variables of the ICURSS model were recorded at ICU admission. Extubation was performed according to a standard protocol. Patients remaining intubated within 8 h after ICU admission were designated as having early extubation failure (EEF). The next evaluations at 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h designated patients as having a prolonged intubation period (PIP) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The ability of the ICURSS model to predict extubation failure at different cutoff values was measured using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Prolonged intubation rates were as follows: EEF, 40.2%; PIP, 17.2%; PMV for 24 h, 10.4%; PMV for 48 h, 7.6%; PMV for 72 h, 6.5%; and PMV for 96 h, 6.0%. At every cutoff, the ICURSS showed poor discrimination to predict the failure to be extubated. Calibration was also poor, although some ability to predict both EEF and PMV at > or = 48 h was shown. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged intubation rates after undergoing CABG surgery in our setting were comparable with those of other reports from institutions where fast-track cardiac anesthesia is currently in practice. In our cohort, the ICURSS was not useful for the prediction of length of intubation.