ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The present study compared the effects of eccentric cycling (ECC) and conventional concentric cycling (CONC) training on muscle function, body composition, functional performance, and quality of life (QOL) of patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Twenty patients (age: 69.6 ± 10.1 years, forced expiratory volume in 1-s: 73.2 ± 11.4% of predicted) were randomly allocated to ECC (n = 10) or CONC (n = 10) group. They performed 12 weeks of ECC or CONC training at similar perceived exertion. The workload, heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and dyspnea were monitored during cycling. Outcomes measures included maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) strength of the knee extensors, rate of force development (RFD), lower limb fat-free (LLFFM) and fat (LLFM) mass, 6-min walking test (6MWT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), stairs ascending (SAWT) and descending walking time (SDWT), and QOL assessed by the Saint George's respiratory questionnaire. RESULTS: ECC produced on average threefold greater (P < 0.001) workload (211.8 ± 106.0 kJ) than CONC (78.1 ± 62.6 kJ) over 34 training sessions. ECC showed 1.5 ± 2.1% greater SpO2, 24.7 ± 4.1% lower HR, and 64.4 ± 29.6% lower dyspnea in average than CONC (P < 0.001). ECC increased LLFFM (4.5 ± 6.2%; P = 0.03), while CONC decreased LLFM (3.3 ± 6.4%; P = 0.04) after training. Both ECC and CONC reduced (P < 0.05) SAWT (- 16.1 ± 9.3% vs - 10.1 ± 14.4%) and SDWT (- 12.2 ± 12.6% vs - 14.4 ± 14.7%), and improved (P < 0.05) QOL (33.4 ± 38.8 vs 26.1 ± 36.6%) similarly, but only ECC improved (P < 0.05) RFD (69-199%), TUG (13.6 ± 13.6%), and 6MWT (25.3 ± 27.7%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ECC training with less cardio-pulmonary demands was more effective in increasing functional performance and muscle mass for COPD patients than CONC training.
Subject(s)
Bicycling/physiology , Exercise Therapy/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Aged , Body Composition , Disability Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic reduced daily physical activity in the pediatric population, with deleterious effects on anthropometry, muscle function, aerobic capacity, and metabolic control. OBJECTIVE: Determine the changes in anthropometry, aerobic capacity, muscle function, and metabolic control of a 12-week concurrent training protocol in overweight and obese children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 24 patients participated and were divided into groups once a week (12S; n = 10) and twice a week (24S; n = 14). Anthropometry, muscle function, aerobic capacity, and metabolic biochemical tests were evaluated before and after the application of the concurrent training plan. Two-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Fisher's post hoc test were used. RESULTS: Only the twice times week training improved the anthropometrics parameters (BMI - z, waist circumference and waist to height ratio). The muscle function tests (push up, standing broad jump and prone plank), improved in both groups such as the aerobic capacity measured by VO2maximo and the runned distance in Shuttle 20m run test. The HOMA index only improved with twice times week training without changes in lipid profile in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The 12S and 24S groups improved aerobic capacity and muscular function. Only the 24S improved anthropometric parameters and the HOMA index.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Exercise Therapy , Exercise , Obesity , Pediatric Obesity , Obesity/therapy , Pediatric Obesity/therapy , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/psychology , Pandemics , Exercise/physiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in a planned concurrent exercise protocol in overweight and obese children and adolescents who attend a cardiometabolic rehabilitation program at the Dr. Exequiel González Cortés hospital. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 32 patients were divided into two groups, the intervention group (INT) (n = 22; age: 12.9 ± 2.7), and the control group (CON) (n = 10; age: 12.6 ± 2.5). The INT performed 12 weeks of periodized concurrent training protocol, those who voluntarily left the program made up the CON. The measurements were made on three consecutive days; day 1: pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation and anthropometry, day 2: aerobic capacity and muscle function, and day 3: lipid profile and glycemic control. RESULTS: The INT presented a decrease in the body mass index (BMI) (-0.77 ± 1.02 kilogram/meter2; P=0.001), BMI z-score (-0.14 ± 0.20 Standard Deviation; P=0.002), waist circumference (-5.48 ± 6.42 centimeters; P = 0.0004), and waist to height ratio (-0.04 ± 0.04; P < 0.0001). Maximal oxygen consumption (2.24 ± 2.15 milliliters/kilogram/ minutes; P < 0.0001) and walked distance (104.55 ± 119.35 meters; P < 0.0001) improved in the INT. The push-ups 6.00 repetitions interquartile range (IQR) (4.00 - 11.00; P = 0.0001), standing broad jump 16.00 centimeters IQR (8.00 - 21.25; P = 0.004), and prone plank 56,00 seconds IQR (38.00 - 73.00; P < 0.0001), improved in the INT, in addition to presenting a decrease in total cholesterol -11.00 milligram/deciliters IQR (-18.50 - 3.50; P = 0.02). Glycemic control did not change between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week planned concurrent exercise protocol of twelve weeks is effective to improve anthropometry, aerobic capacity, muscle function, and total cholesterol in overweight and obese children and adolescents.