Two different myiasis cases in southeast of Turkey: ophthalmomyiasis and cutaneous myiasis.

Myiasis has become increasingly prevalent, particularly when human activity is carried out in environments with poor hygiene. We reported two cases of human myiasis in this paper. All of myiasis cases initially presenting to the Emergency Department of Kilis State Hospital in Turkey were identified. We present one case of ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis and one case of cutaneous myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata. Both of the myiasis cases were reported from rural area case limiting the exposure to adult flies and exterminating the flies will play important role in preventing the myiasis.

Molecular investigations of Hepatozoon species in dogs and developmental stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus.

The occurrence and distribution of Hepatozoon species in stray dogs, and the developmental stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus detached from the same dogs in Diyarbakir Province, Turkey is reported. A total of 328 ticks, including 133 adults (55 males and 75 females consist of 63 partially engorged and 15 fully engorged) and 195 nymphs (91 partially engorged and 104 fully engorged) were detached from the dogs. Fully engorged nymphs and females were incubated at 27 °C and relative humidity of 85 % to molt to adult stage and recover eggs. The ticks were pooled according to sex and developmental stage. No Hepatozoon gamonts were found, whereas, by PCR, 15.87 % (10/63) of the dogs were infected with Hepatozoon canis. Of the 68 tick pools tested, 14 (20.58 %) pools were infected with Hepatozoon spp., an overall maximum likelihood estimation of prevalence of 4.9 % (95 % confidence intervals (CI) = 2.85-7.93 %) per 100 ticks. Maximum likelihood estimation of the infection rate varied by tick sex and developmental categories, ranging from 1.75 % (95 % CI = 0.11-8.11 %) in fed males to 6.81 % (95 % CI = 2.07-17.46 %) in unfed females. One amplicon from a fed adult female was 99 % identical to the sequence for Hepatozoon felis. The remaining sequences isolated from both dogs and ticks shared 99-100 % similarity with the corresponding H. canis isolates. This is the first detection of H. canis and H. felis in the tick R. sanguineus in Turkey.

A Molecular Survey of Rickettsias in Shelter Dogs and Distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) sensu lato in Southeast Turkey.

Canine tick-borne pathogens are the source of emerging diseases and have important zoonotic relevance. Dogs play a major role in the transmission of several zoonotic tick-borne pathogens, as reservoirs and/or sentinels. To simultaneously detect Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species, a reverse line blot assay was conducted on 219 blood samples collected from autochthonous asymptomatic shelter dogs. One hundred and three (47.0%, CI 40.3-53.9) dogs were positive for one or both rickettsial pathogens. Seventy-one (32.4%, CI 26.3-39.0) dogs were infected with Anaplasma platys and 23 (10.5%, CI 6.8-15.3) with Ehrlichia canis. Concurrent infection with A. platys and E. canis was detected in nine (4.1%, CI 1.9-7.6) dogs. Partial sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene shared 100% identity with the corresponding published sequences for A. platys and E. canis. Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum was not detected in the examined dogs. In total, 1018 (range 1-70, mean intensity 13.1, mean abundance 4.6) Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae) sensu lato ticks (45.7% nymphs, 54.3% adults) were collected from the dogs. There was no significant association between Anaplasma/Ehrlichia infection and dog sex or age, but a significant correlation was found between rickettsia infection and presence of R. sanguineus. Improved tick control strategies to reduce the risk of these pathogens spreading among dogs and humans are needed in the region.

Urogenital myiasis caused by Psychoda albipennis in a child.

Urogenital myiasis results when flies lay their eggs near the exit of the urethra and the larvae proceed upward along the urogenital tract. In this case report, a 10 year-old female patient diagnosed with urogenital myiasis was reported. The patient presented with complaints including painful and frequent urination, genital pruritus and moving larvae in urine. The patient had received Enterobius vermicularis treatment previously for two times. A 24-hour urine sample was collected and two black larvae were found in the urine. It was found that these larvae were fourth-stage larvae of Psychoda albipennis. Although there was no risk factor, the patient was affected with this rare parasitological disease. This case was presented to draw attention to myiasis in children. Myiasis may be observed in individuals with a favourable hygiene status and a high socioeconomical level. If a detailed history is not taken and appropriate laboratory tests are not performed, the diagnosis may be missed.

A case of traumatic myiasis in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) caused by Lucilia sericata.

Lucilia sericata is one of the factors resulting in facultative traumatic myiasis in animals and humans. L. sericata threatens human health and leads to significant economic losses in animal industry by leading to serious parasitic infestations. A three month old female rabbit was presented to the clinics of the Veterinary Faculty of Dicle University for the treatment of the wound located on the left carpal joint. The examination revealed that the wound was infested with larvae. The microscopic inspection of the larvae collected from the rabbit showed that they were the third instar larvae of L. sericata.

The investigation of lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant levels and some hematological parameters in sheep naturally infested with Wohlfahrtia magnifica larvae.

Wohlfahrtia magnifica is the main agent of traumatic myiasis in many central and eastern European countries as well as in the Mediterranean basin and Asian countries. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of myiasis infestation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant levels and several hematological parameters in the sheep naturally infested with W. magnifica larvae. A total of 38 sheep, including 19 awassi sheep naturally infested with W. magnifica larvae and 19 clinically healthy awassi sheep, were studied. The infected animals were divided into three groups depending on the number of larvae (Group 1: <50 larvae; Group 2: 50-100 larvae; Group 3: >100 larvae). In blood samples, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit concentration and white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil counts, plasma malondialdehyde, erythrocyte glutathione levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were studied. The results revealed a marked decrease in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentrations along with a significant increase in white blood cell and neutrophil counts. The elevation in plasma malondialdehyde levels, a function of lipid peroxidation, established a significant difference between the control group and groups 2, 3. Decreased activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase was found significant in the control group and all parasitemia. We conclude that in natural infestations with W. magnifica, as in infestation with Lucilia cuprina, there is a notable increase in inflammatory activities resulting from the movements, secretions, and toxins of the larvae and form the toxins secreted by the bacteria - which leads to an impression of anemia - and that the tissue injury results in an increase in level of free radicals in the organism.

[Urogenital myiasis caused by Psychoda albipennis]. / Psychoda albipennis'in Sebep Oldugu Bir Ürogenital Myiasis.

Myiasis cases are often encountered in humans, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Urogenital myiasis is one of the facultative myiasis cases that may be seen in humans. Psychoda albipennis is an insect species that causes urogential myiasis in humans Adults of this species, belongs to the Psychodidae subfamily, lives especially in humid toilets and domestic bathrooms. This case, presented as urogenital myiasis caused by P. albipennis in a fifteen year old male. The person, who was a student, was living in the city center reported to have passed five-six larvae for three months. The patient had normal urinalysis, stool microscopy and urine culture. Larvae were examined under a microscope and were identified as fourth period larvae of P. albipennis. Therefore, it should not be forgotten that P. albipennis may be an agent in urogenital myiasis.