Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions: Update on Current Tips and Tricks.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize novel techniques and developments in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). RECENT FINDINGS: Using an algorithmic, step-by-step approach can help overcome several complex CTO lesions subsets, such as proximal cap ambiguity, ostial location, in-stent occlusion, bifurcations, balloon uncrossable and undilatable lesions. Similarly, an algorithmic approach can help prevent and optimally treat CTO PCI-related complication, such as perforation, radiation, and contrast-induced nephropathy. Continual update and reassessment of each operator's algorithm for performing CTO PCI can lead to improved outcomes.