Level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on modern contraceptive method and its associated factors among housemaids living in Debre Tabor town, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Contraception is widely recognized as an effective technique for avoiding unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. Promoting contemporary contraceptive methods would minimize the number of unplanned pregnancies and the high number of maternal fatalities connected with unsafe abortions. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of modern contraceptive methods and its associated factors among housemaid residents of Debre Tabor Town, northwest Ethiopia: METHODS: A structured questionnaire supplemented with face-to-face interviews was used to conduct a community-based cross-sectional study with 423 housemaids' women of reproductive age in Debre Tabor City. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, binary analysis, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: A 12.8% of respondents in this study used modern contraceptive methods. A 44.68% of study participants had good knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, and 36.40% had a positive attitude towards them. Housemaids' older age, urban location, educational status, work experience, and family situation were found to be positive predictors of a good understanding of current contraceptive techniques. Housemaids' older age, urban residence, educational level, work experience, family situation, and first sex before now are all positive predictors of a positive attitude and good practices. CONCLUSIONS: Housemaids' knowledge, attitude, and practice of modern contraceptive methods were influenced by a variety of socio-demographic factors. As a result, housemaids should be educated about modern contraceptive methods by the health sector and other stakeholders to improve their knowledge, attitude, and practices.

Knowledge and practice of essential newborn care and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, including Ethiopia the risk of neonatal death can be easily prevented and avoided by implementing essential newborn care with simple, low cost, and a short period time immediately after delivery. However, the problem is still persisting due to lack of adequate maternal and newborn care practice. Hence, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of women's knowledge and practice of essential newborn care and its associated factors in Ethiopia using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD: An intensive literature search was performed from PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINARI, Scopus, and Web of Sciences from April 1-30, 2021. Data were extracted by using a pre-tested and standardized data extraction format. The data were analyzed by using STATA 14 statistical software. I2 tests assessed heterogeneity across the included studies. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of knowledge and practice of essential newborn care. RESULTS: From 1275 identified studies, 25 articles were included. The national pooled prevalence of essential newborn care knowledge and practice among women was 55.05% and 41.49% respectively. Secondary education (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.62, 4.66), multiparity (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.41, 3.26), antenatal care (AOR = 2.94; 95% CI 2.03, 4.26), and postnatal follow-up (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.20, 2.23) were significantly associated with knowledge level whereas; primary education (AOR = 7.08, 95% CI 4.79, 10.47), urban residency (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.65, 3.00), attending monthly meetings (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.64, 2.62), antenatal care (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.97, 4.26), advised during delivery (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.80, 3.59), postnatal follow-up (AOR = 7.08, 95% CI 4.79, 10.47) and knowledge (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI 1.81, 4.75) were statistically significant with essential newborn practice. CONCLUSIONS: The current systematic review and meta-analysis findings reported that the level of knowledge and practice of essential newborn care among Ethiopian women was low. Therefore, improvement of essential newborn through the provision of community-based awareness creation forum, improving antenatal and postnatal care follow up, education on essential newborn care to all pregnant and postnatal women are very important. Trial registration Prospero registration: CRD 42021251521.

Essential newborn care (ENC) is a single most cost-effective intervention to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity both in developed and developing countries. An intensive electronic search from PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were performed to identify the primary studies. In this meta-analysis a total of 25 articles were included to estimate the polled prevalence of ENC knowledge and practice among Ethiopian women. Accordingly, the national pooled prevalence of ENC knowledge and practice among women was 55.05% and 41.49% respectively. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, Secondary education, multiparity, antenatal care, and postnatal follow-up were significantly associated with knowledge level whereas; primary education, urban residency, attending monthly meetings, antenatal care, advised during delivery, postnatal follow-up and knowledge on ENC were found to be statistically significant with essential newborn practice. As per finding the knowledge and practice regarding essential newborn care among women in Ethiopian was significantly low. Hence, improvement of essential newborn through the provision of community-based awareness creation forum, improving antenatal and postnatal care follow up, education on essential newborn care to all pregnant and postnatal women are very important.

Knowledge and practice to prevent COVID-19 and its associated factors among pregnant women in Debre Tabor Town Northwest Ethiopia, a community-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease is now a global concern with the non-availability of antiviral treatment and attacks all groups of the population. Hence, applying preventive measures is the most critical intervention to control the infection. Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to respiratory pathogens because of their immunosuppressive state and physiological adaptive change during pregnancy. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess knowledge and practice to prevent coronavirus disease and its associated factors among pregnant women in Debre Tabor Town. METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 participants from May 25-June 15, 2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire and analysis using SPSS version 23. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out and p-value < 0.05 at 95% CI were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Overall 46.8 and 47.6% of women were knowledgeable and had good practice to prevent coronavirus respectively. Women's age (15-24 years) (AOR = 4.85, 95% CI: 1.34-5.42), educational status (AOR:3.70; 95% CI: 1.16-5.40) being civil servant (AOR:2.84; 95% CI: 1.55-5.21), wanted pregnancy (AOR:3.37; 95% CI: 1.20-9.45), antenatal care follow-up (AOR:2.07; 95% CI: 1.03-4.13) were significantly associated with COVID-19 knowledge, whereas educational status (AOR:3.78; 95% CI: 1.19-5.11), number of children (AOR:2.89; 95% CI: 1.29-6.45) and knowledge (AOR:8.42;95% CI: 4.50-15.85), were also found to be statistically significant with practice. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the participants had poor knowledge and inappropriate practice. Increasing health education programs via different media, coordinated and combined efforts of authorities and all individuals will be needed to battles the spread of the infection.

Knowledge and utilisation of preconception care and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Preconception care is the provision of biomedical, behavioural, and social health interventions provided to women and couples before conception. However, in Ethiopia, little is known and practised to support preconception care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess women's knowledge and utilisation of preconception care and its associated factors in Ethiopia using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD: In the current meta-analysis, variables were searched from different electronic database systems, which included PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Grey literature. Data were extracted using a standardised data collection measurement tool. The data were analysed by using STATA 14 statistical software. I2 tests assessed heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was used to forecast the pooled knowledge and utilisation of preconception care. RESULTS: Thirteen full-text studies were included. The pooled prevalence of knowledge and utilisation of preconception care among women in Ethiopia was 30.95% and 16.27% respectivelly. Secondary education (OR = 2.78, 95% CI,2.01-3.85), college and above (OR = 5.05, 95% CI,2.70-9.44), and antenatal care (OR = 3.89, 95% CI, 1.69-8.98) were significantly associated with knowledge level whereas; age (OR = 2.43, 95% CI, 1.30-4.53) and knowledge on preconception care (OR = 3.95, 95% CI,2.35-6.62) were positively associated with utilisation of preconception. CONCLUSIONS: Women's level of knowledge and utilisation of preconception care was significantly low. Educational status and antenatal care follow-up were factors shown to affect knowledge of preconception care. Age and having a sound knowledge of preconception care indicated a significant association towards utilisation of preconception care. Thus, integrating preconception care strategies and policies that can address all the components of preconception care services with other maternal and child health services will be essential when designing effective implementation strategies to improve preconception care uptake. Besides this, advocating for better education for women, awareness creation, and increasing antenatal care services are essential. Prospero registration: CRD42020218062.

Implementation of evidence-based practice and associated factors among nurses and midwives working in Amhara Region government hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Implementation of evidence-based practice is crucial to enhance quality health care, professional development, and cost-effective health service. However, many factors influence the implementation of evidence-based practice. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the implementation of evidence-based practice and associated factors among nurses and midwives. METHODS: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the implementation of evidence-based practice and associated factors from February 15 to March 15, 2019, among 790 nurses and midwives. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Categorical variables were presented as frequency tables. Continuous variables were presented as descriptive measures, expressed as mean and standard deviation. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability, mean, standard deviation, and inter-items correlation of the factors. Independent variables with a probability value (P-value) of less than 0.2 in the Chi-square analysis were entered in the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistically significant associated factors were identified at probability value (P-value) less than 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 28.35 (SD ± 4.5) years. This study revealed that 34.7% (95% CI 31.5-38%) of participants implemented evidence-based practice moderately or desirably. Age of participants (AOR = 5.98, CI 1.34-26.7), barriers of implementation of evidence-based practice (AOR = 4.8, CI 2.2-10.6), the attitude of participants (AOR = 5.02, CI 1.2-21.5), nursing/midwifery work index (AOR = 3.9, CI 1.4-10.87), self-efficacy of implementation of evidence-based practice skills (AOR = 12.5, CI 5.7-27.5) and knowledge of participants (AOR = 3.06, CI 1.6-5.77) were statistically significant associated factors of implementation of evidence-based practice CONCUSSION: Implementation of evidence-based practice of nurses and midwives was poor. Age of participants, barriers of implementation of evidence-based practice, the attitude of participants, self-efficacy of implementation of evidence-based practice skills, nursing/midwifery work index, and knowledge of participants were found to be predictors of implementation of evidence-based practice. Insufficient time and difficulty in judging the quality of research papers and reports were the most common barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice.

Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device use and its associated factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The intrauterine contraceptive device, a type of long-acting reversible contraception, is one of the most effective and safe contraceptive methods. In Ethiopia, intrauterine contraceptive device is little known and practised to delay pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to assess post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device utilisation and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia. METHOD: In the current meta-analysis, variables were searched from different electronic database systems, including PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Grey literature. Data were extracted using a standardised data collection measurement tool. The data were also analysed by using STATA 16 statistical software. I2 tests assessed heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was used to forecast the pooled utilisation of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device. RESULTS: Twelve full-article studies were included. The pooled prevalence of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device among women in Ethiopia was 21.63%. Occupation (OR = 4.44, 95% CI, 2.24-8.81), educational level of college and above (OR = 5.93, 95% CI, 2.55-13.8), antenatal care (OR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.4-3.12), age (OR = 4.8, 95% CI, 2.3-10.04), good knowledge (OR = 4.16, 95% CI, 1.65-10.49), counseling (OR = 3.05, 95%CI, 1.41-6.63), husband support (OR = 11.48, 95% CI, 6.05-21.79) and awareness about IUCD (OR = 3.86, 95% CI, 1.46-10.2) were positively associated with utilization of postpartum intrauterine contraception device. CONCLUSIONS: Utilisation of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device was significantly low. Scaling up women's educational status and ANC use has paramount importance in increasing post-partum IUD use, which further improves maternal and child health in general. This finding may be useful in both reproductive health promotion at an individual level and policy-making regarding this issue.

Family planning (FP) is widely recognised as a life-saving and health-improving intervention for women and children. An IUCD is a small, "T-shaped" intrauterine contraceptive device inserted into a woman's uterus. It is also referred to as an IUD, a loop, or a coil. Post-partum IUCD is an intrauterine contraceptive device inserted during the post-partum period. Although several primary studies have been conducted in various regions of Ethiopia, there is no nationally representative evidence on the PPIUCD utilisation and the pooled effects of its determinants in Ethiopia. In this review, some of the factors associated with the post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device were pooled quantitatively, and some were not because of inconsistent classification (grouping) of the exposures concerning the outcome (post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device).This systematic review and meta-analysis used the following electronic database; PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Grey literature to search the primary articles. A total of 12 primary studies assessing the utilisation of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) were included based on study eligibility criteria.And also, in this study we found that the pooled prevalence of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device among women in Ethiopia was 21.63%. Occupation, educational status, good knowledge, husband support, age, counselling, antenatal care follow-up, and awareness about IUCD were factors that affect the use of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive devices.This systematic review and meta-analysis report that utilisation of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device was significantly low. Therefore, scaling up women's educational status, and ANC use has paramount importance in increasing post-partum IUD use, which further improves maternal and child health in general. Beside this health professional also should be give health education and promotion about the importance of PPIUCD.

Knowledge and skills of newborn resuscitation among health care professionals in East Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Newborn resuscitation is a medical intervention to support the establishment of breathing and circulation in the immediate intrauterine life. It takes the lion's share in reducing neonatal mortality and impairments. Healthcare providers' knowledge and skills are the key determinants of the success of newborn resuscitation. Many primary studies have been conducted in various countries to examine the level of knowledge and skills of newborn resuscitation and associated factors among healthcare providers. However, these studies had great discrepancies and inconsistent results across East Africa. Hence, this review aimed to synthesize the pooled level of knowledge and skills of newborn resuscitation and associated factors among healthcare providers in East Africa. METHOD: Studies were systematically searched from February 11, 2023, to March 10, 2023, using PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, and grey literature. The effect size measurement of knowledge and skill of health care newborn resuscitation was estimated using the Random Effect Model. The data were extracted by Excel and analyzed using Stata 17 software. The Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic were used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. The symmetry of the funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. A subgroup analysis was done on the study years, sample sizes, and geographical location. Percentages and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were used to pool the effect measure. RESULTS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 1953 articles were retrieved from various databases and registers. Finally, 17 studies with 7655 participants were included. The overall levels of knowledge and skills of healthcare providers on newborn resuscitation were 58.74% (95% CI: 44.34%, 73.14%) and 46.20% (95% CI: 25.16%, 67.24%), respectively. Newborn resuscitation training (OR = 3.95, 95% CI: 2.82, 5.56) and the availability of newborn resuscitation guidelines (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.90, 3.86) were factors significantly associated with knowledge of health care professionals on newborn resuscitation. Work experience (OR = 5.92, 95% CI, 2.10, 16.70), newborn resuscitation training (OR = 2.83, 95% CI, 1.8, 4.45), knowledge (OR = 3.05, 95% CI, 1.78, 5.30), and the availability of newborn resuscitation equipment (OR = 4.92, 95% CI, 2.80, 8.62) were determinant factors of skills of health care professionals on newborn resuscitation. CONCLUSION: The knowledge and skills of healthcare providers on newborn resuscitation in East Africa were not adequate. Newborn resuscitation training and the availability of resuscitation guidelines were determinant factors of knowledge, whereas work experience, knowledge, and the availability of newborn resuscitation equipment and training were associated with the skills of healthcare providers in newborn resuscitation. Newborn resuscitation training, resuscitation guidelines and equipment availability, and work experience are recommended to improve healthcare providers' knowledge and skills.

Patterns of help-seeking behavior among people with mental illness in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the availability of evidence-based and effective treatments, significant numbers of people living with mental illness do not receive treatment or do not seek help from providers of formal modern treatment. Although numerous primary studies have been conducted on patterns of help-seeking behavior among individuals with mental illness with respect to modern therapy, the evidence has not been aggregated nationwide. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate pooled data on patterns of help-seeking behavior among individuals with mental illness in Ethiopia. Methods: All available primary studies were searched via the Google Scholar, HINARI, and PubMed databases from June 22 to December 20, 2023; 912 articles were identified. Sixteen articles were included in the final review; data from them were extracted to an Excel spreadsheet and exported to Stata version 17 for analysis. The search terms used were: "Pattern of help-seeking behavior'' OR "Pattern of treatment-seeking behavior" OR "Health care-seeking behavior" OR "Help-seeking intention" OR "Help-seeking preferences" OR "Perceived need" OR "Pathways to psychiatric care", AND "Common mental disorders" OR "Mental illness" OR "Mental health problems" OR "Depression", AND "Predictors" OR "Determinate factors" OR "Associated factors", AND "Ethiopia". The quality of the studies included was critically appraised using the modified The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool, adapted for observational studies. During critical appraisal, disagreements between the two authors conducting the assessment were resolved by the involvement of a third author. Effect sizes were pooled using the random effects model, and the presence of publication bias was detected based on asymmetry of the funnel plot and a statistically significant result of Egger's test (p<0.05). Results: The pooled rate of positive help-seeking behavior with respect to modern treatment among people living with mental illness was 42.21% (95% CI: 29.29, 55.12; I2 = 99.37%, P=0.00). Factors significantly associated with a positive pattern of help-seeking behavior were: having a secondary education or above (AOR=5.47, 95% CI: 2.33, 12.86); believing that mental illness requires treatment (AOR=2.76, 95% CI: 2.02, 3.78); having strong social support (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.44); having a family history of mental illness (AOR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.97); having awareness of the availability of treatment (AOR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.46); having previously engaged in positive help-seeking behavior (AOR=3.28, 95% CI: 1.63, 6.60); having comorbid disorders (AOR=4.25, 95% CI: 1.69, 10.66); not using alcohol (AOR=3.29, 95% CI: 1.73, 6.27); and the perceived severity of mental illness (AOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.490, 4.33). Conclusions: The majority of people with mental illness in Ethiopia exhibited a poor pattern of help-seeking behavior with respect to modern treatment. Therefore, mobilization of the community should be encouraged via regular public awareness campaigns regarding mental illness and the availability of evidence-based and effective modern treatment in Ethiopia. Moreover, the design of effective community-based mental health interventions is recommended in order to improve public attitudes and rates of help-seeking behavior in relation to mental health problems.

Level of adherence to option B+ program and associated factors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite policy initiatives and strategic measures highly focused on preventing mother-to-child transmission through the implementation of the Option B+ program, adherence to the treatment is still challenging. The level of adherence and determinants of Option B+ program utilization reported by different studies were highly inconsistent in Ethiopia. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adherence to the Option B+ program and its predictors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were searched for published articles from March 2010 to March 2022. The pooled prevalence of adherence was estimated using a weighted DerSimonian-Laird random effect model. The I2 statistics was used to identify the degree of heterogeneity. Publication bias was also assessed using the funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies were included. The pooled estimate of the option B+ program among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia was 81.58% (95% CI: 77.33-85.84). Getting social and financial support (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.12, 6.58), disclosure of HIV status to partners (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.75, 2.41), time to reach a health facility (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.67), receiving counseling on drug side effects (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.74, 6.11), experience of drug side effects (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.36), and knowledge (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.62, 8.51) were significantly associated with adherence to the Option B+ program. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that the level of adherence to the Option B+ program in Ethiopia is lower than the 95% level of adherence planned to be achieved in 2020. Social and financial support, disclosure of HIV status, time to reach the health facility, counseling, drug side effects, and knowledge of PMTCT were significantly associated with option B+ adherence. The findings of this meta-analysis highlight that governmental, non-governmental, and other stakeholders need to design an effective strategy to scale up the level of disclosing one's own HIV status, access health facilities, improve knowledge of PMTCT, and counsel the potential side effects of Option B+ drugs, and advocate the program to reduce the multidimensional burden of HIV/AIDS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospero registration: CRD42022320947. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022320947.

Missed opportunities for immunization among children 0 to 11 months of age that were attended to at debre tabor comprehensive specialized hospital, south gondar zone, Ethiopia.

Background: The World Health Organization's Expanded Immunization Program was established in 1974 and aimed to provide vaccines to children all over the world. Since the inception of this program, numerous initiatives and campaigns have been launched, and millions of children around the world have been saved from death. Many vaccine-preventable diseases, however, remain prevalent in developing countries. This is because most of those countries have low immunization coverage for an unknown number of reasons. As a result, the goal of this study was to examine missed opportunities for immunization among children aged 0 to 11 months. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to August 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and the sample was chosen using a simple random sampling technique. Before being entered into the Epidata and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science for analysis, the data were checked for consistency and completeness. The statistical significance was determined using binary and multiple logistic regression analyses. The statistical level of significance was established at p ≤ 0.05. Result: In this study, 49.1% of immunization opportunities were missed. Education status [AOR = 2.45, 95% CI = 2.14, 4.22], rural residence [AOR = 4.32, 95% CI = 3.11, 6.38], and perception of caretakers [AOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.89, 4.07] were associated with the missed opportunity of immunization. Conclusion: When compared to previous studies, the proportion of missed immunization opportunities was high in this study. The healthcare staff should be applying the multi-dose vial policy, which is recommended by the World Health Organization to increase the services. The doses for BCG and measles should be minimized to lower doses per vial in order to conduct immunization without having to wait for enough children and without worrying about vaccine waste. All infants who visit the hospital should be linked to immunization services.

Delay in reaching health facilities and its associated factors among mothers giving birth in South Gondar zone hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: A facility-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Delays in reaching health facilities are one of three models identified as major contributors to maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries, including Ethiopia. However, little is known about the prevalence and associated factors of delays in reaching healthcare facilities in Ethiopia, particularly in rural areas. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of delays in reaching health facilities and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar zone hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used from 28 November to 25 December 2020, with 417 mothers who had recently given birth participating in the study, selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview with pretested structured questionnaires. The EpiData software (version 3.1) was used to record collected data and then exported to SPSS (version 23) for statistical analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted, and the odds ratio with 95% CI was used to identify factors associated with delays in reaching health facilities. The statistical significance was declared at p < .05. Results: The prevalence of delay in reaching health facilities among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar zone hospitals were 50.6%. Mothers who had no antenatal care (ANC) visits [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.52, 6.56], an unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.72), and a distance from home to a health facility greater than 5 km (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.65) were positively associated with delays in reaching health facilities. Conclusions: The prevalence of delays in reaching health facilities was higher in the study area. Women's empowerment through health education about ANC follow-up, choice of family planning methods, and creating accessibility to health facilities are essential measures to minimize delays in reaching health facilities.

Maternal satisfaction with emergency obstetric and newborn care services in Ethiopia and the associated factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In approximately 15% of all pregnancies, a potentially fatal complication that necessitates medical attention arises, requiring a significant obstetrical intervention for the pregnant women to survive. Between 70% and 80% of maternal life-threating complication have been treated through emergency obstetric and newborn services. This study investigates women's satisfaction with emergency obstetric and newborn care services in Ethiopia and factors associated with their satisfaction. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, Scopus, and Web of Sciences for primary studies. A standardized data collection measurement tool was used to extract the data. STATA 11 statistical software was used to analyze the data, and I2 tests were used to evaluate heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of maternal satisfaction was predicted using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Eight studies were included. The pooled prevalence of maternal satisfaction with emergency obstetric and neonatal care services was 63.15% (95% confidence interval: 49.48-76.82). Age (odds ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.62-5.12), presence of birth companion (odds ratio = 2.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.34-5.29), satisfaction with health workers' attitudes (odds ratio = 4.02, 95% confidence interval: 2.91-5.55), educational status (odds ratio = 3.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.42-9.08), length of stay at health facility (odds ratio = 3.71, 95% confidence interval: 2.79-4.94), and antenatal care visits (odds ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.52-3.24) were associated with maternal satisfaction with emergency obstetric and neonatal care service. CONCLUSION: This study found a low level of overall maternal satisfaction with emergency obstetric and neonatal care services. To increase maternal satisfaction and utilization, the government should focus on improving the standards of emergency maternal, obstetric, and newborn care by identifying gaps in maternal satisfaction regarding the services provided by healthcare professionals.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant public health issue and a risk to maternal and child health. Understanding the prevalence and factors of GDM in Ethiopia may also help determine the best interventions. Therefore, we tried to review gestational diabetes and its factors in Ethiopia.AQ: Please check and confirm the edit made to the article title.yes i have checked and confirm METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) instrument was used to conduct the review. In order to report on the prevalence and contributing factors of gestational diabetes mellitus, the following databases were used: Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Grey literature. Pilo-tests were conducted using a standardized data gathering form in research using a random sample. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 16 software for Windows and the random-effects meta-analysis method. The results are presented using texts, tables, and forest plots, along with measure of effect and a 95% confidence interval.Affiliations: Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author Given name: [Fentahun Yenealem], Last name [Beyene], Given name: [Bekalu Getnet], Last name [Kassa], Given name: [Gedefaye Nibret], Last name [Mihretie], Given name: [Alemu Degu], Last name [Ayele].yes checked and corrected AQ: Is this word Pilo-tests spelled correctly throughout the article?Thank you the correction Affiliations: Please check and confirm whether the city name is correctly identified for the affiliation 2.yes checked and corrected  RESULTS: Out of 1755 records, 10 studies with 6525 participants that fully satisfy the inclusion criteria were included for the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia was 12.04% [95% CI (8.17%, 15.90%)]. Inadequate dietary diversity, high body mass index, having a family history of DM, history of having macrosomic neonate, low physical activity, and previous history of GDM were statistically significant.AQ: Please note that the sentence Inadequate dietary diversity, high body mass index… is repeated under the below heading Conclusion.yes checked and corrected  CONCLUSION: The pooled prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus is high in Ethiopia. Inadequate dietary diversity, high body mass index, having a family history of DM, history of having macrosomic neonate, low physical activity and previous history of GDM were statically significant variables. Emphasize on early screening, prenatal care and all women having risk factors and trying to get pregnant should get screens for diabetes to improve the maternal and child health at large.AQ: Please check the clarity of the sentence Emphasize on early screening, prenatal…it is clear and easly understand the readers.

Preeclampsia and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a serious condition that is linked to poor perinatal outcomes. In Ethiopia, the overall prevalence of preeclampsia and its associated factors is uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to find the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and its determinants in Ethiopia. METHODS: To find primary studies, PubMed, Google Scholar, HINAR, Scopus, the Web of Sciences, and grey literature searches were used between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2023, in Ethiopia. A Microsoft Excel sheet was used to extract data. The pooled prevalence of pre-eclampsia was predicted using a random-effect model. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were included. The pooled prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 11.51% (95% CI: 8.41, 14.61). Age > 35 years old (AOR = 2.34, 95%CI, 1.74-2.94; p-value = 0.64), housewife (AOR = 2.76, 95%CI, 1.2-4.32; p-value = 0.37), previous history of pre-eclampsia (AOR = 4.02, 95%CI, 2.91-5.55; p-value = 0.09), family history of hypertension (OR = 1.84, 95%CI, 1.39-2.3; p-value = 0.4), history of chronic hypertension (AOR = 2.44, 95%CI, 1.8-3.08; p-value = 0.67), history of multiple pregnancies (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI, 1.09-1.8; p-value = 0.38), and alcohol intake during pregnancy (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI, 1.03-2.04; p-value = 0.03) were the determinants of pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to previous studies, the overall pooled prevalence of pre-eclampsia was high. Pre-eclampsia is associated with maternal age >35 years, being a housewife, having a history of preeclampsia, having a history of chronic hypertension, having a family history of hypertension, having diabetes mellitus, drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and having multiple pregnancies.

Active management of the third stage of labour in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Post-partum haemorrhage occurs in over 10% of all births and is the leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for 25% of all maternal deaths worldwide. Active management of the third stage of labor is the most important intervention for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality by preventing postpartum hemorrhage. Previously, documented primary studies had been great discrepancy, inconsistent results, and there is a lack of comprehensive study. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were intended to assess the prevalence and associated factors of the practice of active management of the third stage of labour among obstetric care providers in Ethiopia. METHOD: Cross-sectional studies were systematically searched from January 01, 2010, to December 24, 2020, using PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, Cochrane Library, and grey literature. The pooled prevalence of active management of the third stage of labour practice and associated factors was estimated using DerSemonial-Laird Random Effect Model. Stata (version 16.0) was used to analyze the data. The I-squared statistic was used to assess the studies' heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. A subgroup analysis was performed to minimize the underline heterogeneity depending on the study years and the sample sizes. RESULTS: Seven hundred fifty articles were extracted. The final ten studies were included in this systematic review, including 2438 participants. The pooled prevalence of practices of active management of the third stage of labour among obstetric care providers in Ethiopia was 39.65% (30.86, 48.45%). Educational status (OR = 6.11, 95%CI, 1.51-10.72), obstetric care training (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.66, 4.45), work experience (OR = 2.17, 95%CI, 0.47, 3.87) and knowledge of active management of the third stage of labour (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 2.71, 6.28) were significantly associated with active management of the third stage of labour practices. CONCLUSION: The practice of active management of the third stage of labour in Ethiopia was low. This study showed that educational status, taking obstetric care training, knowledge of AMTSL, and work experience of obstetric care providers were associated with of practices of active management of the third stage of labour. Therefore, obstetric care professionals should improve their academic level, knowledge, and skills in order to provide useful service to AMTSL and save mothers' lives. All obstetric care providers should get obstetric care training. Furthermore, the government should increase obstetric care professionals' educational level.

Transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Transactional sex is casual sex between two people to receive material incentives in exchange for sexual favors. Transactional sex is associated with negative consequences, which increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and physiological trauma. In Sub-Saharan Africa, several primary studies have been conducted in various countries to examine the prevalence and associated factors of transactional sex among women. These studies had great discrepancies and inconsistent results. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence of the practice of transactional sex among women and its associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHOD: Data source: PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, the Cochrane Library, and grey literature were searched from March 6 to April 24, 2022, and included studies conducted from 2000 to 2022. The pooled prevalence of transactional sex and associated factors was estimated using Random Effect Model. Stata (version 16.0) was used to analyze the data. The I-squared statistic, a funnel plot, and Egger's test were used to check for heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. A subgroup analysis was done based on the study years, source of data, sample sizes, and geographical location. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa was 12.55% (9.59%-15.52%). Early sexual debut (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.27), substance abuse (OR = 4.62, 95% CI: 2.62, 8.08), history of sexual experience (OR = 4.87, 95% CI: 2.37, 10.02), physical violence abuse (OR = 6.70, 95% CI: 3.32, 13.53), orphanhood (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.47), and sexual violence abuse (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.08, 13.05) were significantly associated with transactional sex. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of transactional sex among women in sub-Saharan Africa was high. Alcohol consumption, substance abuse, early sex debuts, having a history of sexual experiences, physical violence, and sexual violence increased the practice of transactional sex.

Female adolescents' knowledge and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and acceptability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and associated factors among female adolescent students in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia, 2021. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study was done from 9 December 2020 to 28 February 2021. ANALYSIS: The data were entered into EpiData V.4.2 and analysed with SPSS V.23 software. The OR, 95% CI and p<0.05 were used to determine the bivariable and multivariable statistical association. SETTING: Three high schools (grades 9 and 10) and six primary schools (grades 7 and 8) were included in the study. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescent female students in Debre Tabor Town. RESULTS: The overall knowledge score in the questionnaire was six, and it was divided into two groups based on scoring level: poor (score <3) and good (score ≥3). More than half respondents (59.2%) scored good knowledge. The proportion of acceptability of the HPV vaccine was 61.9%. Age (adjusted OR, AOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.88), and having a source of information (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.22) were significantly associated with the knowledge of the HPV vaccine. Place of birth (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.95), fathers' educational status (AOR 2.80, 95% CI 1.18 to 5.65), having a source of information (AOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.32) and knowledge about the HPV vaccine (AOR 6.41, 95% CI 3.45 to 11.90) were significantly associated with the acceptance of the female adolescent HPV vaccine. CONCLUSION: In this study, the knowledge and acceptability of students of the HPV vaccine were low. Health authorities, through the mass media, should strengthen HPV vaccine promotion in schools, religious institutions and health facilities.

Prevalence and determinants of the involvement of married men in family planning services in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Male involvement in family planning includes not only using contraceptives but also encouraging and supporting their partners' contraception needs and choices, encouraging peers to use family planning, and influencing policy to make male-related programs more conducive. In Ethiopia, the prevalence and associated factors of male involvement in family planning were highly inconsistent across studies. As a result, the goal of this study was to use a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of male involvement in family planning and its associated factors in Ethiopia. METHODS: Electronic literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were performed without time restriction to identify the primary studies. Data were extracted using a pretested standardized data extraction format and analyzed using STATA 14 statistical software. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of male involvement. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were included to give the pooled prevalence of male involvement in family planning in Ethiopia, which was 39.66% (95% confidence interval = 29.86, 49.45). Educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 1.99, 95% confidence interval = 1.26, 3.14), discussion of family planning with wife (adjusted odds ratio = 4.15, 95% confidence interval = 2.21, 7.80), knowledge (adjusted odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.26, 2.64), positive attitude about family planning (adjusted odds ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.70, 3.90), and approval of contraceptive use (adjusted odds ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.70, 3.90) were found to be significantly associated with involvement of men in family planning service. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of male involvement in family planning in Ethiopia was significantly low. Male involvement in family planning should be made available, accessible, and advocated for by government and non-governmental organizations, service providers, program planners, and stakeholders. In addition, to increase the role of men in the use of family planning services, a conducive environment for education, behavioral change, and open discussion about reproductive health issues is required.

Delay in making decision to seek care on institutional delivery and associated factors among postpartum mothers in South Gondar zone hospitals, 2020: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Delay in seeking emergency obstetric care contributes to high maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. One of the major factors contributing to maternal death in developing countries is a delay in seeking emergency obstetric care. This study aimed to assess the proportion and associated factors of delay in deciding to seek emergency obstetric care on institutional delivery among postpartum mothers in the South Gondar zone hospitals, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September to October 2020. A total of 650 postpartum mothers were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. We collected the data through personal interviews with pretested semi-structured questionnaires. We used a logistic regression model to identify statistically significant independent variables, and entered the independent variables into multivariable logistic regression. The Adjusted Odds Ratio was used to identify associated variables with delay in deciding to seek emergency obstetric care, with a 95% confidence interval at P-value < 0.05. Results: The proportion of delay in deciding to seek emergency obstetric care on institutional delivery was 36.3% (95% CI: 32.6-40.1). The mean age of the respondents was 27.23, with a standard deviation of 5.67. Mothers who reside in rural areas (AOR = 3.14,95%, CI:2.40-4.01), uneducated mothers (AOR = 3.62, 95%, CI:2.45-5.52), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.84-7.96), and no health facilities in Kebele (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.43-6.32) were significantly associated with delay in a decision to seek emergency obstetric care. Conclusion: The proportion of delay in deciding to seek emergency obstetric care was 36.3% among postpartum mothers in the South Gondar zone hospitals. One of the factors contributing to maternal death is a delay in seeking emergency obstetric care in South Gondar zone. Pregnant mothers living in the rural area, unplanned pregnancy, uneducated mothers, no health facilities in Kebele were associated factors in the study area. Therefore, stakeholders must address them to reduce the proportion of delay in deciding to receive on-time obstetric care as per the standards.

Determinants of neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin, conjunctiva, and sclera caused by elevated serum or plasma bilirubin levels during the newborn period. The condition is usually not dangerous, but it can progress to severe hyperbilirubinemia, which can lead to acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus, a bilirubin-induced neurological damage. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice and its determinants in Ethiopia. METHODS: Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 2010 and July 30, 2021. A weighted DerSimonian Laird random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice and its associated factors. The I2 was used to calculate the degree of heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS: Totally 697 articles were generated from various databases, and the review included a total of eight articles. The pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 30.96% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.61%-45.31%)] in Ethiopia. This review showed that prolonged labor [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 3.39; 95% CI 2.41-4.77), low birth weight (AOR = 5.12; 95% CI 3.11-8.72), birth asphyxia (AOR = 3.75; 95% CI 2.11-6.66), cephalohematoma (AOR = 7.07; 95% CI 2.72-18.38), ABO incompatibility (AOR = 6.05; 95% CI 2.95-12.42), Rhesus (RH) incompatibility (AOR = 3.77; 95% CI 2.04-6.96), male sex (AOR = 4.53; 95% CI 3.39-6.07), and neonatal sepsis (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.49-4.08) were identified as a determining factor for neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS: In low- and middle-income countries, neonatal jaundice is a significant healthcare burden, accounting for a significant portion of global childhood mortality and morbidity. However, some low-cost, effective, practical, and dependable solutions have been implemented. Prolonged labor, ABO incompatibility, RH incompatibility, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, low birth weight, cephalohematoma, and male sex were identified as risk factors for neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia.