Socio-economic factors and medical conditions affecting regular stomach cancer screening in Korea: a retrospective longitudinal study using national public health data for 11 years.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore socio-economic factors and medical conditions that affect regular stomach cancer (SC) screening among Korean adults. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective observational study. METHODS: Study subjects were 5545 adults aged ≥40 years who participated in the 2007-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and were followed up to year 2017 based on data linking to the Korean National Health Insurance Service and Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment. Socio-economic factors included sex, age, residential area, education, occupation, marital status, disability, public and private health insurance, service through local public health organizations, history of cancer except for SC, and family history of SC. Medical factors included six gastric lesions with the possibility of facilitating SC screening, including benign gastric neoplasm, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric polyp, Helicobacter pylori infection, intestinal metaplasia, and peptic ulcers. The outcome was adherence to SC screening, which was divided into non-adherence, irregular adherence, and regular adherence. RESULTS: After adjusting for the effects of socio-economic factors, multivariate ordinal logistic regression revealed that participants with a history of four types of gastric lesions were more likely to regularly participate in SC screening: chronic atrophic gastritis (odds ratio [OR] 1.567; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.276-1.923), gastric polyps (OR 1.565; 95% CI = 1.223-2.003), H. pylori infection (OR 1.637; 95% CI = 1.338-2.003), and peptic ulcer (OR 2.226; 95% CI 1.750-2.831). CONCLUSIONS: To improve participation in SC screening, it is necessary to implement personalized strategies for individuals at risk for gastric cancer in addition to population-based strategies for vulnerable groups.

[Status epilepticus after brain tumor surgery]. / Epilepticheskii status posle udaleniya opukholei golovnogo mozga.

BACKGROUND: Status epilepticus (SE) is characterized by continuous course of clinical and/or electrographic epileptic seizures. There are little data on the course and outcomes of SE after resection of brain tumors. OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical and electrographic manifestations of SE, its course and outcomes in short-term period after resection of brain tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed medical records of 18 patients over 18 years old between 2012 and 2019. All patients underwent resection of brain tumor and developed SE after surgery. Clinical criteria were repeated epileptic seizures without interictal recovery of consciousness, stereotypical motor phenomena, impaired consciousness with continued epileptic activity according to video-EEG data. We analyzed EEG data, neurological status, CT and laboratory data. RESULTS: Metastases (33%) and meningiomas (16%) prevailed. Supratentorial tumors were observed in 61% of patients. Two patients had preoperative seizures. Non-convulsive SE was diagnosed in 62% of patients. SE was successfully treated in 77% of cases. Mortality rate in patients with SE was 44%. CONCLUSION: Early postoperative SE is rare after brain tumor surgery (about 0.09%). Nevertheless, this complication is associated with high mortality. Non-convulsive SE is common (62%) that should be considered in postoperative management.

A Review of Parathyroid Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism from the United Kingdom Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery (UKRETS).

BACKGROUND: The United Kingdom Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons is a national database holding details on > 28,000 parathyroidectomies. METHODS: An extract (2004-2017) of the database was analysed to investigate the reported efficacy, safety and use of intra-operative surgical adjuncts in targeted parathyroidectomy (tPTx) and bilateral neck exploration (BNE) for adult, first-time primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). RESULTS: 50.9% of 21,738 cases underwent tPTx. Excellent short-term (median follow-up 35 days) post-operative normocalcaemia rates were reported overall (tPTx 96.6%, BNE 94.5%, p < 0.05) and in image-positive cases (tPTx 96.7%, BNE 96%, p < 0.05). Intra-operative PTH improved overall normocalcaemia rates (tPTx 97.8% vs 96.3%, BNE 95% vs 94.4%: both p < 0.05). Intra-operative nerve monitoring reduced vocal cord (VC) dysfunction in image-positive tPTx, but not in BNE (97.8% vs 93.2%, p < 0.05). Complications were higher following BNE (7.4% vs 3.8%, p < 0.05), especially hypocalcaemia (5.3% vs 2%, p < 0.05). There was no difference in rates of subjective dysphonia following tPTx or BNE (2.4% vs 2.3%, p > 0.05), nor any difference in VC dysfunction when formally examined (4.9% vs 4.1%, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In image-positive, first time, adult PHPT cases, tPTx is as safe and effective as BNE, with both achieving excellent short-term results with minimal complications.

Nuclear quantum effect with pure anharmonicity and the anomalous thermal expansion of silicon.

Despite the widespread use of silicon in modern technology, its peculiar thermal expansion is not well understood. Adapting harmonic phonons to the specific volume at temperature, the quasiharmonic approximation, has become accepted for simulating the thermal expansion, but has given ambiguous interpretations for microscopic mechanisms. To test atomistic mechanisms, we performed inelastic neutron scattering experiments from 100 K to 1,500 K on a single crystal of silicon to measure the changes in phonon frequencies. Our state-of-the-art ab initio calculations, which fully account for phonon anharmonicity and nuclear quantum effects, reproduced the measured shifts of individual phonons with temperature, whereas quasiharmonic shifts were mostly of the wrong sign. Surprisingly, the accepted quasiharmonic model was found to predict the thermal expansion owing to a large cancellation of contributions from individual phonons.

[Glioblastoma in the region of previously resected meningioma. Case report and literature review]. / Glioblastoma, voznikshaya v oblasti udalennoi meningiomy. Klinicheskoe nablyudenie i obzor literatury.

Combination of meningioma and glioblastoma within the same anatomical region is casuistry. We found only 13 case reports in the available literature. Some of the authors reported induced nature of the second tumor, i.e. development under the influence of the primary neoplasm. We report a patient with glioblastoma of the right frontoparietotemporal region in 3 years after previous resection of benign right-sided meningioma of sphenoid wings. Mathematical analysis of the discovered pattern resulted conclusion about its random nature, i.e. no causal relationship between both neoplasms.

[Breast cancer metastasis into a giant hormone-inactive pituitary adenoma adenoma. (Clinical case and literature review)]. / Metastaz raka molochnoi zhelezy v gigantskuiu gormonal'no-neaktivnuiu adenomu gipofiza. (Klinicheskoe nabliudenie i obzor literatury).

Brain metastases of various types of cancer are diagnosed in 8-10% of all cancer patients. In the world literature, only 30 cases of cancer metastasis to the pituitary adenoma are described. This article presents yet another observation of a patient with breast cancer metastasis into the hormone-inactive pituitary adenoma at the Burdenko neurosurgical center, Russia The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoid removal of the neoplasm. During microscopy and immunohistochemical studies of the biopsy, two types of tissue (pituitary adenoma and cancer metastasis) with different Ki-67 treated surgically (1% and over 40%) were found.

Recovery-related indicators of motor network plasticity according to impairment severity after stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain connectivity analysis has been widely used to investigate brain plasticity and recovery-related indicators of patients with stroke. However, results remain controversial because of interindividual variability of initial impairment and subsequent recovery of function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in network plasticity and motor recovery-related indicators according to initial severity. METHODS: We divided participants (16 males and 14 females, aged 54.2 ± 12.0 years) into groups of different severity by Fugl-Mayer Assessment score, i.e. moderate (50-84), severe (20-49) and extremely severe (<20) impairment groups. Longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired at 2 weeks and 3 months after onset. The differences in network plasticity and recovery-related indicators between groups were investigated using network distance and graph measurements. RESULTS: As the level of impairment increased, the network balance was more disrupted. Network balance, interhemispheric connectivity and network efficiency were recovered at 3 months only in the moderate impairment group. However, this was not the case in the extremely severe impairment group. A single connection strength between the ipsilesional primary motor cortex and ventral premotor cortex was implicated in the recovery of motor function for the extremely severe impairment group. The connections of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex-ventral premotor cortex were positively associated with motor recovery as the patients were more severely impaired. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in plasticity and recovery-related indicators of motor networks were noted according to impairment severity. Our results may suggest meaningful implications for recovery prediction and treatment strategies in future stroke research.

Elevated serum YKL-40 levels in patients with Kawasaki disease.

CONTEXT: YKL-40 is an inflammatory biomarker for endothelial dysfunction that may have a role in Kawasaki disease (KD). OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of serum YKL-40 levels with KD and established laboratory parameters for YKL-40 levels and other inflammatory markers. METHODS: YKL-40 levels and other inflammatory markers of 23 KD patients, 9 disease control patients and 11 age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: YKL-40 concentration in the serum of KD patients significantly increased during the acute disease phase compared with those of disease controls and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased YKL-40 levels may provide a useful inflammatory marker for patients with KD.

Utilization of algal sugars and glycerol for enhanced cephalosporin C production by Acremonium chrysogenum M35.

In our previous study, glycerol was utilized as an additional carbon source for the production of cephalosporin C (CPC) by Acremonium chrysogenum M35. In this study, algal sugars extracted from the third-generation biomass were utilized in the CPC production for the first time. The CPC production improved about twofold when using the algal sugars as the carbon source. The complex medium including algal sugars and glycerol was utilized, and 7·3 g l-1 CPC production was achieved in a 250-ml shaking flask. To determine the important variables for the CPC production, Plackett-Burman design was carried out and 6·18 g l-1 of CPC was estimated under the numerically optimized conditions. Under the optimized conditions, the CPC production was performed in a 5-l scale bioreactor, affording CPC production at a rate of 7·1 g l-1 . Moreover, 6·7 g l-1 CPC was produced using crude glycerol as the substrate. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Microalgae are the biomass containing various components, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. In this study, carbon sources contained in microalgae were obtained by acid extraction, and cephalosporin C (CPC), a ß-lactam antibiotic intermediate, was produced by using Acremonium chrysogenum M35. In addition, the increase of CPC production was not distinct for A. chrysogenum M35 with algal sugars as the only carbon source; therefore, glycerol was added, increasing the CPC production. Thus, cheap residues such as algal sugars form microalgal and glycerol form biodiesel process could be used as the alternative sources for the production of various products.

Autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas not associated with Crohn's disease: a phase II clinical trial for safety and efficacy.

PURPOSE: Injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) is a novel method for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ASCs in the treatment of complex anal fistulas not associated with Crohn's disease. METHODS: A phase II clinical trial was performed comparing two different doses of ASCs (group 1: 1 × 107 cells/mL and group 2: 2 × 107 cells/mL). Eligible patients were administered an amount of ASCs proportional to the length of the fistula by injection into the submucosal layer surrounding the internal opening and inside of the fistula tract. ASCs at twice the initial concentration were administered if complete closure was not achieved within 8 weeks. The efficacy endpoint was the complete closure of fistulas 8 weeks after injection. Patients demonstrating complete closure at week 8 were subjected to follow-up for 6 months. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were injected with ASCs; thirteen completed the study. Complete closure was observed in 69.2% (9/13) of patients at 8 weeks. Three of five patients in group 1, and six of eight in group 2 displayed complete closure; no significant differences were observed between the groups. Six of nine patients who showed complete closure participated in additional follow-up; five (83.3%) showed persistent response at 6 months. No grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were observed; observed AEs were not related to ASC treatment. CONCLUSION: ASCs might be a good option for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas are not healed by conventional operative procedures.

Antimelanogenic effects of luteolin 7-sulfate isolated from Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal deposition of melanin may cause an aesthetic skin problem; therefore, the control of unwanted excessive melanin synthesis is the major goal of cosmetic research. OBJECTIVES: To identify novel tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors from marine plants and examine their cellular antimelanogenic effects. METHODS: The extracts of 50 marine plants endemic to Korea were screened against human TYR. Active constituents were then isolated from the selected plant extracts that showed potential and their chemical structures elucidated. Furthermore, their antimelanogenic effects were examined using murine melanoma B16/F10 cells and human epidermal melanocytes (HEM). RESULTS: Among the tested extracts, that of Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino exhibited the strongest human TYR inhibitory activity. The active constituents were purified from the butanol fraction of the P. iwatensis extract and identified as hispidulin 7-sulfate and luteolin 7-sulfate. Luteolin 7-sulfate inhibited human TYR more strongly than hispidulin 7-sulfate, luteolin, hispidulin and arbutin. Furthermore, luteolin 7-sulfate showed lower cytotoxicity than luteolin in both B16/F10 cells and HEM. Luteolin 7-sulfate attenuated cellular melanin synthesis more effectively in B16/F10 cells and HEM stimulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and l-tyrosine than arbutin. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that luteolin 7-sulfate isolated from P. iwatensis is a human TYR inhibitor with advantageous antimelanogenic properties, and would be useful for development as a therapeutic agent for the control of unwanted skin pigmentation.

Adherence with renal dosing recommendations in outpatients undergoing haemodialysis.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Adjustment of drug dosage in patients with end-stage renal disease prevents serious adverse effects, which occur due to the accumulation of drugs or other toxic metabolites. Nevertheless, dosing errors occur most commonly among patients with end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of care for end-stage renal disease outpatients using their renal dosing adjustment status. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed using the data collected from 43 South Korean medical institutions via questionnaires. A total of 2428 patients on haemodialysis, who were at least 18 years of age, were included. Among these patients, the study population was confined to patients who were taking medications and required renal dosing adjustments from three therapeutic classes: antihypertensives, antihyperglycaemics and lipid-modifying agents. The study population (n = 828) was prescribed a total of 1097 drug orders for the target drugs. Determination of appropriate dosage adjustment was based on GFR (glomerular filtration rate) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease revised 4-variable equation. The primary outcome was non-adherence to drug dosing requirements for end-stage renal disease patients with consideration to their renal function. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among the study population (n = 828), 469 haemodialysis patients were identified as having drug orders that were adherent to renal dosing recommendations. There were significant differences between the patient groups who received recommendation-adherent and non-adherent drug orders in the characteristics of the medical institutions they visited, causes of chronic renal failure and prevalence of concurrent diabetes mellitus. The primary factor of non-adherence to renal dosing adjustment recommendations was characteristics of medical institutions. Compared to tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals and primary care clinics were 1·16 and 1·22 times, respectively, more non-adherent in accordance with the multivariate analysis (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20, OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1·00-1·36, respectively). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS: Dosing error is one of the most common problems among patients with renal failure. To decrease the dosing errors, an improvement needs to be made in medical institutions. This can be accomplished by implementing the clinical decision support systems that educate physicians on appropriate renal dosing and help them prescribe appropriate drug dosages.

Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of rice dwarf mutants induced by gamma irradiation.

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a powerful tool used to analyze changes in copy number, polymorphisms, and structural variations in the genome. Gene copy number variation (CNV) is a common form of natural diversity in the genome, which can create new genes and alter gene structure. Thus, CNVs may influence phenotypic variation and gene expression. In this study, to detect CNVs, we irradiated rice seeds with gamma rays (300 Gy) and selected two dwarf mutagenized plants, GA-III-189 and -1052, in the M3 generation. These plants were subjected to CGH analysis using Agilent's RICE CGH array. Most of the CNVs identified were less than 10 kb in length. We detected 90 amplified and 18 deleted regions in GA-III-189, and 99 amplified and 11 deleted regions in GA-III-1052. Of note, CNVs were located on chromosome 12 in both GA-III-189 and -1052, which contained 39 commonly amplified regions in 29 genes. The commonly amplified genes included six genes encoding F-box domain-containing proteins. Alterations in these F-box domain-containing genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Integration of CGH and gene expression data identified copy number aberrations and novel genes potentially involved in the dwarf phenotype. These CGH and gene expression data may be useful for uncovering the mechanisms underlying the dwarf phenotype.

Efficient Excitonic Photoluminescence in Direct and Indirect Band Gap Monolayer MoS2.

We discuss the photoluminescence (PL) of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides on the basis of experiments and a microscopic theory. The latter connects ab initio calculations of the single-particle states and Coulomb matrix elements with a many-body description of optical emission spectra. For monolayer MoS2, we study the PL efficiency at the excitonic A and B transitions in terms of carrier populations in the band structure and provide a quantitative comparison to an (In)GaAs quantum well-structure. Suppression and enhancement of PL under biaxial strain is quantified in terms of changes in the local extrema of the conduction and valence bands. The large exciton binding energy in MoS2 enables two distinctly different excitation methods: above-band gap excitation and quasi-resonant excitation of excitonic resonances below the single-particle band gap. The latter case creates a nonequilibrium distribution of carriers predominantly in the K-valleys, which leads to strong emission from the A-exciton transition and a visible B-peak even if the band gap is indirect. For above-band gap excitation, we predict a strongly reduced emission intensity at comparable carrier densities and the absence of B-exciton emission. The results agree well with PL measurements performed on monolayer MoS2 at excitation wavelengths of 405 nm (above) and 532 nm (below the band gap).

Genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with susceptibility to herpes zoster.

Herpes zoster, commonly referred to as shingles, is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). VZV initially manifests as chicken pox, most commonly in childhood, can remain asymptomatically latent in nerve tissues for many years and often re-emerges as shingles. Although reactivation may be related to immune suppression, aging and female sex, most inter-individual variability in re-emergence risk has not been explained to date. We performed a genome-wide association analyses in 22,981 participants (2280 shingles cases) from the electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network. Using Cox survival and logistic regression, we identified a genomic region in the combined and European ancestry groups that has an age of onset effect reaching genome-wide significance (P>1.0 × 10(-8)). This region tags the non-coding gene HCP5 (HLA Complex P5) in the major histocompatibility complex. This gene is an endogenous retrovirus and likely influences viral activity through regulatory functions. Variants in this genetic region are known to be associated with delay in development of AIDS in people infected by HIV. Our study provides further suggestion that this region may have a critical role in viral suppression and could potentially harbor a clinically actionable variant for the shingles vaccine.

Association of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with severity of white matter hyperintensities.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been linked to small-vessel disease, but the precise pathogenesis underlying WMHs remains unclear. Studies about an association of WMHs with extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ECAS) showed conflicting results and the relationship of WMHs with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is uncertain. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 679 consecutive Korean patients with acute ischaemic stroke (mean age 67.8 ± 12.6; 395 males) who underwent brain MRI/MR angiography was conducted. Severity of deep WMHs (d-WMHs, n = 560) and periventricular WMHs (p-WMHs, n = 590) was rated separately and compared across three groups: ICAS (n = 318), ECAS (n = 71) and no cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis (NCAS) (n = 290). RESULTS: The ICAS group showed a higher d-WMH/p-WMH score (1.62 ± 0.85/1.65 ± 0.79) than both the ECAS (1.25 ± 0.87/1.23 ± 0.78) and NCAS (1.19 ± 0.92/1.24 ± 0.81) groups (P < 0.001 for all). Patients with a greater number of ICAS were more likely to have higher scores of d-WMH/p-WMH (P < 0.001 for all). Patients with higher scores of d-WMH/p-WMH had a higher incidence of ICAS (P < 0.001 for all), but not of ECAS or NCAS. In multivariable analysis, a dose-response relationship was observed between the extent of ICAS versus WMHs. Compared with one ICAS lesion, for d-WMHs the odds ratio (OR) = 2.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-7.20] for two ICAS lesions and OR = 3.37 (1.10-10.32) for ≥3 ICAS lesions; whilst for p-WMHs (score ≥2) OR = 1.70 (95% CI 0.96-2.98) for two ICAS lesions and OR = 2.02 (1.15-3.55) for ≥3 ICAS lesions. CONCLUSION: ICAS is independently associated with progressively greater WMH burden. The association of ICAS with WMH severity appears to be stronger than that of ECAS/NCAS in the Korean (Asian) stroke population.

Crustacean hyperglycemic hormones of two cold water crab species, Chionoecetes opilio and C. japonicus: isolation of cDNA sequences and localization of CHH neuropeptide in eyestalk ganglia.

Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) is primarily known for its prototypical function in hyperglycemia which is induced by the release of CHH. The CHH release takes place as an adaptive response to the energy demands of the animals experiencing stressful environmental, physiological or behavioral conditions. Although >63 decapod CHH nucleotide sequences are known (GenBank), the majority of them is garnered from the species inhabiting shallow and warm water. In order to understand the adaptive role of CHH in Chionoecetes opilio and Chionoecetes japonicus inhabiting deep water environments, we first aimed for the isolation of the full-length cDNA sequence of CHH from the eyestalk ganglia of C. opilio (ChoCHH) and C. japonicus (ChjCHH) using degenerate PCR and 5' and 3' RACE. Cho- and ChjCHH cDNA sequences are identical in 5' UTR and ORF with 100% sequence identity of the putative 138aa of preproCHHs. The length of 3' UTR ChjCHH cDNA sequence is 39 nucleotides shorter than that of ChoCHH. This is the first report in decapod crustaceans that two different species have the identical sequence of CHH. ChoCHH expression increases during embryogenesis of C. opilio and is significantly higher in adult males and females. C. japonicus males have slightly higher ChjCHH expression than C. opilio males, but no statistical difference. In both species, the immunostaining intensity of CHH is stronger in the sinus gland than that of X-organ cells. Future studies will enable us to gain better understanding of the comparative metabolic physiology and endocrinology of cold, deep water species of Chionoecetes spp.

Anti-inflammatory effects of glutamine on LPS-stimulated human dental pulp cells correlate with activation of MKP-1 and attenuation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

AIM: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of glutamine and the underlying signal pathway mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODS: Human dental pulp cells were exposed to 10 µg mL(-1) LPS and various concentrations of glutamine for 24 h. The production of PGE2 and nitric oxide was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Griess reagent kit, respectively. Cytokines were examined by ELISA, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. iNOS and COX protein expression as well as signal pathways were accessed by Western blot. The data were analysed by anova with Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Glutamine reduced LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein expression as well as production of NO and PGE2 in a dose-dependent fashion. Additionally, glutamine suppressed the production and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), TNF-α, and IL-8. Furthermore, glutamine attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and IκB-α, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, but enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression in LPS-treated HDPCs. CONCLUSION: Glutamine exerted an anti-inflammatory effect via activation of MKP-1 and inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in LPS-treated HDPCs.

Quality of functional haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from cryopreserved human umbilical cord blood.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transplantation of cryopreserved umbilical cord blood (UCB) can be used to treat a multitude of haematologic and immunological diseases. In this study, we examined the quality of UCB cryopreserved for 2 (group I), 4 (group II) and 6 (group III) years. METHODS: The following parameters and procedures were used to test individual units of cryopreserved UCB: the number of total nucleated cells (TNC), cell viability, CFU-GM assay, T-cell activation in vitro and haematopoietic stem cell engraftment in NOD/SCID mice in vivo. RESULTS: The TNC recovery rates for groups I, II and III were 106·2 ± 6·17%, 96·69 ± 6·39% and 100·38 ± 5·27%, respectively, and the mean percentages of viable cells after thawing were 86·88%, 86·38% and 87·43%. When TNC were plated at 5 × 10(3), the number of CFU-GM was 13·6 (group I), 13·8 (group II), 14·2 (group III) and 14·7 (fresh UCB). We confirmed that the huCD4(+) and huCD8(+) T cells within cryopreserved UCB are functionally responsive by assessment of activated huCD25(+) cells. Moreover, the percentage of huCD45(+) cells in the bone marrow was 4·32 ± 1·29% (group I), 4·48 ± 1·11% (group II), 4·40% ± 1·12% (group III) and 4·50% ± 0·66% (fresh UCB), and that in the peripheral blood was 14·69 ± 3·08% (group I), 15·24 ± 4·05% (group II), 15·74 ± 3·43% (group III) and 17·48 ± 3·74% (fresh UCB) in NOD/SCID mice infused with isolated huCD34(+) cells. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that cryopreserved UCB units efficiently retrieve in functionally competent form and are suitable for transplantation.

Involvement of SDF-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in hydrogen peroxide-induced extracellular matrix degradation in human dental pulp cells.

AIM: To determine whether chemokines such as SDF-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are responsible for hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and to identify the underlying mechanism in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHOD: Human dental pulp cells were exposed to 0.4 mmol H2 O2 for 48 h. mRNA expression and protein expression were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The mRNA expression of chemokine (SDF-1 and MCP-1), their receptors (CXCR4 and CXCR2) and extracellular matrix proteins was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The production of SDF-1, MCP-1, CXCR4 and CCR2 in the culture medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Signal transduction pathway was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Hydrogen peroxide provoked the activation of MCP-1 and SDF-1 mRNA and their respective receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR2. H2 O2 treatment concomitantly downregulated the expression of ECM molecules, such as type I collagen, elastin and fibronectin, and upregulated the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Hydrogen peroxide-induced ECM degradation and MMP upregulation were blocked by neutralizing antibodies and siRNAs directed against SDF-1 and MCP-1. Inhibition of SDF-1 and MCP-1 blocked the H2 O2 -induced activation of Akt, p38, ERK and NF-kB. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of SDF and MCP-1 is a potent component of reducing release reactive oxygen species-induced ECM degradation in HDPCs and may play an important role in pulpal and periapical inflammation.