Raman Scattering Study on the Influence of E-Beam Bombardment on Si Electron Lens.

Microcolumns have a stacked structure composed of an electron emitter, electron lens (source lens), einzel lens, and a deflector manufactured using a micro electro-mechanical system process. The electrons emitted from the tungsten field emitter mostly pass through the aperture holes. However, other electrons fail to pass through because of collisions around the aperture hole. We used Raman scattering measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses to investigate the influence of electron beam bombardment on a Si electron lens irradiated by acceleration voltages of 0, 20, and 30 keV. We confirmed that the crystallinity was degraded, and carbon-related contamination was detected at the surface and edge of the aperture hole of the Si electron lens after electron bombardment for 24 h. Carbon-related contamination on the surface of the Si electron lens was verified by analyzing the Raman spectra of the carbon-deposited Si substrate using DC sputtering and a carbon rod sample. We report the crystallinity and the origin of the carbon-related contamination of electron Si lenses after electron beam bombardment by non-destructive Raman scattering and XPS analysis methods.

Type specimens of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) collected from North Korea and adjacent regions deposited at Insect Collections of Chungnam National University (CNU) in Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

A list of type specimens of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) collected from North Korea (mostly by the late Dr. Michail Josifov, Sofia, Bulgaria) acquired earlier by E. Heiss, now donated to and deposited in the insect collections of Chungnam National University (CNU), Deajeon, Korea, is presented. A total of 31 holotypes and 694 paratypes of 41 species and 1 subspecies in 6 families and 9 subfamilies are presented: Miridae (Deraeocorinae, Mirinae, Orthotylinae, Phylinae), Tingidae (Tinginae), Piesmatidae (Piesmatinae), Berytidae (Metacanthinae), Cymidae (Cyminae), Pentatomidae (Asopinae).

A new genus and two new species of fossil deraeocorine plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Eocene Baltic amber.

A new fossil genus, Balticranocapsus gen. nov. and two new fossil species, Balticranocapsus aleksanderi sp. nov. and Deraeocoris gorczycai sp. nov. are described from Eocene Baltic amber. Morphological information, including the description and the diagnosis for the genus and species, is provided with photographs.

Molecular Phylogeny of Cimicoidea (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) Revisited: Increased Taxon Sampling Reveals Evolution of Traumatic Insemination and Paragenitalia.

The molecular phylogeny of the Cimicoidea was reconstructed from an expanded sampling based on mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear (18S, 28SD3) genes. The data were analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic frameworks. The phylogenetic relationships inferred by the model-based analyses (ML and BI) were largely congruent with those inferred by the MP analysis in terms of the monophyly of most of the higher taxonomic groups and the species-level relationships. The following clades were recovered in all analyses: Cimiciformes; Nabidae: Prostemmatinae; Nabidae: Nabinae; Plokiophilidae; Microphysidae; Lasiochilidae; Cimicidae: Cacodminae; Cimicidae; Lyctocoridae; Anthocoridae s. str.; Cardiastethini excluding Amphiareus; Almeidini; Scolopini; Anthocorini; Oriini; Curaliidae + Lasiochilidae; Almeidini + Xylocorini; Oriini + Cardiastethini; and Anthocorini + Amphiareus. Reconstructions of ancestral copulation states based on Bayesian and parsimony inference indicated that at least one shift from standard insemination (SI) to traumatic insemination (TI) occurred within Cimicoidea, and an investigation of the evolutionary correlation between TI and paragenitalia (PG) revealed that the acquisition of PG in cimicoid females was correlated with the TI habit. Additionally, our morphological examination of various types of PG suggested that even the same PG type may not constitute a homologous feature at various taxonomic levels, indicating the convergent evolution of female morphology to adapt to TI.

A taxonomic review of the genus Physatocheila Fieber (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from the Korean Peninsula, with description of a new species and a key to Korean Physatocheila species.

The genus Physatocheila Fieber is reviewed taxonomically from the Korean Peninsula, with a new species, Physatocheila koreaensis sp. nov. described. Morphological information such as the descriptions of adult specimens, male genitalia, and diagnoses are presented along with photographs. We also provide a key to the Korean Physatocheila species.

Thirty years of progress in research on jumping tree bugs and the World checklist of Isometopinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae).

A comprehensive synopsis of isometopine plant bugs, highlighting the thirty-year progress made with information on morphology, biology and zoogeography of extant and extinct taxa, is introduced. In addition, the feeding habit of isometopines is suggested to be at least partially spent as a lichen feeder. A total of 289 Isometopinae species are presented in the world checklist with the zoogeographical information. The direction of further studies on isometopine taxa is also suggested.

Electroderaeous crassicornis, a new genus and species of Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) in Miocene Dominican amber.

The third fossil record of a deraeocorine species, preserved as an inclusion in late Lower Miocene, Burdigalian amber from Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) is presented with a description of Electroderaeous crassicornis gen. and sp. nov. based on a well-preserved specimen.

Lipase and protease double-deletion mutant of Pseudomonas fluorescens suitable for extracellular protein production.

Pseudomonas fluorescens, a widespread Gram-negative bacterium, is an ideal protein manufacturing factory (PMF) because of its safety, robust growth, and high protein production. P. fluorescens possesses a type I secretion system (T1SS), which mediates secretion of a thermostable lipase (TliA) and a protease (PrtA) through its ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Recombinant proteins in P. fluorescens are attached to the C-terminal signal region of TliA for transport as fusion proteins to the extracellular medium. However, intrinsic TliA from the P. fluorescens genome interferes with detection of the recombinant protein and the secreted recombinant protein is hydrolyzed, due to intrinsic PrtA, resulting in decreased efficiency of the PMF. In this research, the lipase and protease genes of P. fluorescens SIK W1 were deleted using the targeted gene knockout method. Deletion mutant P. fluorescens ΔtliA ΔprtA secreted fusion proteins without TliA or protein degradation. Using wild-type P. fluorescens as an expression host, degradation of the recombinant protein varied depending on the type of culture media and aeration; however, degradation did not occur with the P. fluorescens ΔtliA ΔprtA double mutant irrespective of growth conditions. By homologous expression of tliA and the ABC transporter in a plasmid, TliA secreted from P. fluorescens ΔprtA and P. fluorescens ΔtliA ΔprtA cells was found to be intact, whereas that secreted from the wild-type P. fluorescens and P. fluorescens ΔtliA cells was found to be hydrolyzed. Our results demonstrate that the P. fluorescens ΔtliA ΔprtA deletion mutant is a promising T1SS-mediated PMF that enhances production and detection of recombinant proteins in extracellular media.

Kohnometopus yasunagai sp. nov., (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae) from Peninsular Malaysia.

A new species, Kohnometopus yasunagai sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae, Gigantometopini), is described from Peninsular Malaysia. Habitus and SEM images of the holotype female and necessary morphological structures are presented. The structure of the female abdomen including the genitalia are also shown in detail. A key to all known Kohnometopus species is provided.

A new species of extinct genus Electromyiomma Popov amp; Herczek (Hemiptera: Miridae: Isometopinae) from Eocene Baltic amber, with the key to Electromyiomma species.

A new fossil isometopine species, Electromyiomma herczeki sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Eocene Baltic amber. The morphological information of the fossil specimen and the key to the species of the extinct genus Electromyiomma are provided. The restatement of paratype female of E. weitschati is discussed with the support of previous remarks based on antenna structure.

Gigantometopus coronobtectus sp. nov., the first Isometopinae (Hemiptera: Cimicomorpha: Miridae) from Vietnam.

The new isometopine Gigantometopus coronobtectus sp. nov. from Vietnam is described and illustrated. A revised diagnosis of Gigantometopus and detailed information on nymphal morphology based on the last-instar nymph and description of the female genitalia are presented. A key to the species of the genus is provided and the position of G. schuhi is discussed based on the morphology of pronotum and scutellum.

Sophianus palawanensis sp. nov., the first Isometopine (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae) from the Philippines.

A new species, Sophianus palawanensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Sophianini) is described from the Palawan Island in the Philippines. Photographs of the male habitus and genital structures, as well as detailed SEM micrographs of selected morphological structures, are presented. Trichobothrial patterns of Sophianini and their importance for the hypothesizing relationships within Isometopinae are discussed.

A new genus and species of the subfamily Mirinae (Hemiptera: Cimicomorpha: Miridae) from Eocene Baltic amber with a new generic combination for Calocoris antennatus Statz in Statz amp; Wagner, 1950.

A new fossil mirid, Baltiomiris herczeki gen. and sp. nov. is described from Eocene Baltic amber. Available morphological information is provided with photographs. Additionally, Calocoris antennatus Statz in Statz Wagner, 1950, a compression fossil, is transferred to the extant genus Mermitelocerus Reuter based on similarities of habitus, particularly of head structures.

emColimacoris/em emjoceliae/em, sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Miridae: Deraeocorinae: Hyaliodini): A new species from Panama, with a Key to the species of Colimacoris.

The new Neotropical hyaliodine Colimacoris joceliae Kim Jung, sp. nov., is described from Panama. Morphological information, including a description and diagnosis of the new species is presented with photographs. A key for the identification of the species of Colimacoris is also provided.

A remarkable new genus and two new species of the Gigantometopini (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae) from Brunei.

The new genus Megalofaciatus gen. nov. represented by two new species M. foliotibialis Taszakowski, Kim Herczek sp. nov. (the type species) and M. gibbosus sp. nov. Taszakowski, Kim Herczek (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae, Gigantometopini), is described from Brunei. Photographs of the adult males and genital structures, as well as detailed SEM micrographs, are presented. The first finding of the largely modified leg in Gigantometopini is also reported.

Bifaciomiris gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), with description of two new species.

A new genus, Bifaciomiris gen. nov. is described to accommodate two new species, B. koreanus sp. nov. and B. vietnamensis sp. nov. Morphological information of the new genus and new species is presented with photographs and illustrations. The need of further study on the related groups is also discussed.

Malagasycoelum dracula gen. and sp. nov., a new genus and a new species of the subfamily Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Madagascar.

Malagasycoelum dracula gen. and sp. nov. in Adelphocoris-Creontiades-Megacoelum complex is described from Madagascar. Morphological information of the new genus and new species is presented with photographs and illustrations.

A guest from the past: A new genus and a new species of Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) in Miocene Dominican amber.

The second fossil record of deraeocorine species from Miocene Dominican amber is presented with description of a new taxon, Amberderaeous gigophthalmus gen. and sp. nov. based on a well-preserved specimen. The need for revision of related group Eustictus and a comprehensive study of its tribal placement within Deraeocorinae are discussed.

Two new genera and species of the Gigantometopini (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae) from Borneo with remarks on the distribution of the tribe.

Two new genera, each represented by a single new species, Planicapitus luteus Taszakowski, Kim & Herczek, gen. et sp. nov. and Bruneimetopus simulans Taszakowski, Kim & Herczek, gen. et sp. nov., are described from Borneo. Detailed photographs of male habitus and genital structures are presented. The checklist with distributional records for all known taxa of Gigantometopini is also provided.

Journey to the Center of the Earth: Description of a new troglomorphic litter-bug species inhabiting lava tubes in the Canary Islands (Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha: Ceratocombidae).

Lava tubes in the Canary Islands have shown to have a great amount of endemic biodiversity belonging to a wide, and sometimes unexpected, range of taxa. In this paper, the first cave-dwelling species of a troglomorphic Dipsocoromorpha, Ceratocombus stysi sp. nov. is described making this finding the first named species of Dipsocoromorpha from the Canary Islands. Morphological information including diagnosis and genitalia description of the new species, together with biological and ecological notes are given.