[PCR study of the human herpes virus type 6 and other viruses of the herpes group in eye diseases].

To study the role of the HHV-6 type in the development of eye diseases PCR tests of blood (152), cornea biopsies (61), and intraocular fluids (11) for HHV-6 and other viruses of the herpes group (HSV type 1 and 2, CMV, EBV) were conducted. It was found that the HHV-6, along with other representatives of the Herpesviridae, can be detected in patients with different clinical forms of ophthalmopathology (174 patients were surveyed). Viral DNA was detected in blood, cornea, and in the anterior chamber fluid. The obtained data allow that the HHV-6 to be suggested as a possible cause of the ophthalmic herpes along with the other viruses of this group. It makes finding the virus DNA an essential step towards setting the etiologic diagnosis of the ophthalmological patients.

[The effect of nootropic agents on brain mitochondrial function in the dynamics of craniocerebral trauma from the age aspect]. / Vliianie nootropov na funktsiiu mitokhondrii mozga v dinamike cherepno-mozgovoi travmy v vozrastnom aspekte.

A craniocerebral trauma was modelled in experiments on one-month-old rats. Oxidative phosphorylation in the brain mitochondria was studied by polarography 1, 4, 7 days and 4 weeks after the trauma. In the posttraumatic period the animals received piracetam (1 g/kg), picamilon (500 mg/kg), pyriditol (100 mg/kg), pantogam (160 mg/kg), ACTH (5-10) (0.1 mg/kg), nooglutyl (25 mg/kg), and GVS (0.5 mg/kg). It was found that piracetam, picamilon, and nooglutyl have a protective effect on the function of the brain mitochondria during the course of a craniocerebral trauma. Nooglutyl surpasses all the other drugs in its influence on the effectiveness of oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria in immature rats in the posttraumatic period.

[The effect of substances with nootropic activity on oxidative phosphorylation in brain mitochondria in acute craniocerebral trauma]. / Vliianie veshchestv s nootropnoi aktivnost'iu na okislitel'noe fosforilirovanie v mitokhondriiakh mozga pri ostroi cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

An open craniocerebral trauma was simulated in rat experiments. Oxidative phosphorylation in the brain mitochondria was studied by polygraphy 24 h after the trauma. It was found that trauma to the brain leads to inhibition of respiration in mitochondria in various metabolic states. Nooglutil in a dose of 50 mg/kg prevents these changes. Nooglutil is more effective than picamilon (500 mg/kg) and piriditol (100 mg/kg).

[Status of bioenergetic processes in brain tissue in dynamics of acute cranio-cerebral trauma]. / Sostoianie protsessov bioénergetiki v mozgovoi tkani v dinamike ostroi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

Acute brain injury was simulated in rat experiments. Great changes were revealed in carbohydrate and energy metabolism over the course of the posttraumatic period. The changes are the most pronounced 1 day after injury and they showed deep energy deficiency in brain tissue and precede the development of and greatly contribute to the pathogenesis of many posttraumatic disorders, including brain edema-swelling.

[Status of bioenergetic processes in brain of immature rats during the dynamics of cranio-cerebral trauma]. / Sostoianie protsessov bioénergetiki v golovnom mozge nepolovozrelykh krys v dinamike cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

In one month's old rats open cranio-cerebral injury was modelled. During the post-traumatic period the state of bioenergetic processes in brain tissues was studied in dynamics. Disturbance of oxidative phosphorylation in cerebral mitochondria and depression of membranes ATPase activity was revealed. This changes were most expressed in 1-4 days after the injury. Recovery of the impaired bioenergetic processes in post-traumatic period in one month's old rats is slower than in adult.

[Hemomicrocirculatory bed in the rabbit small intestine wall during ontogenesis]. / Gemomikrotsirkuliatornoe ruslo stenki tonkoi kishki krolika v ontogeneze.

Hemomicrocirculatory bed has been studied in fragments of the small intestine wall, obtained from 30 rabbits of various age. During ontogenesis the number and caliber of all components of the hemomicrocirculatory bed increase, as well as density of the capillary network in connection with formation and growth of the small intestine membranes. At the age of two or three years involutive changes are observed in the blood bed of this organ.

[Age and local changes in the architectonics of the lymphatic bed of the wall of the jejunum and ileum in normal rabbits]. / Vozrastnye i lokal'nye izmeneniia arkhitektoniki limfaticheskogo rusla stenki toshchei i podvzdoshnoi kishki krolika v norme.

Age and local changes of the lymphatic bed have been studied in the jejunum and ileum preparations obtained from 100 rabbits. The architectonics of the bed is stated to undergo some age and local changes. In fetuses and two-week-old rabbits, chyle sinuses are narrow and all flow into the capillaries of the tela submucosa. In one-month-old animals, the mucosal capillary network is developing and the chyle sinuses flow into it. In six--ten-month-old rabbits, intestinal bed is already formed, the chyle sinuses are wide. Aged changes are represented by a considerably rarefied networks, decrease in the chyle sinuses caliber, deformation of the sinus, capillary and vessel walls. In the jejunum, unlike the ileum, the chyle sinuses are of larger size and have more complex architectonics in the capillary networks of the mucosa and tela submucosa.

[Comparative effectiveness of the enteral and intravenous administration of rifampicin in treating experimental tuberculosis in rabbits]. / Sravnitel'naia éffektivnost' énteral'nogo i vnutrivennogo vvedeniia rifampitsina pri lechenii éksperimental'nogo tuberkuleza u krolikov.

The efficacy of intravenous and enteral administration of rifampicin was studied comparatively in treatment of hematogenic diseminated tuberculosis in rabbits. The drugs were administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg for 60 days. The functional state of the liver was studied in the time course by activity of urokinase, a hepatospecific enzyme and transaminases. Monotherapy with rifampicin capsules administered enterally resulted in death of 66.6 per cent of the animals due to tuberculosis during the first month of the treatment. Completion of the treatment course in 4 rabbits did not result in abacillation. When rifampicin was administered intravenously no deaths of the animals due to tuberculosis were recorded. Complete abacillation of the internal organs was observed in 37.5 per cent of the rabbits. The changes in activity of the indicator enzymes were transient and after discontinuation of the treatment came to normal.

[Effectiveness of soluble rifampicin in combination with other antibacterial preparations in treating disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in an experiment]. / Effektivnost' rastvorimogo rifampitsina v komplekse s drugimi antibakterial'nymi preparatami pri lechenii rasprostranennogo destruktivnogo tuberkuleza legkikh v éksperimente.

Efficacy of a new rifampicin dosage form developed at the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was studied on dogs with extensive destructive tuberculosis of the lungs. Intracavernous instillation and rapid intravenous administration (RIA) of the drug in combination with 10 per cent solution of isoniazid and intramuscular administration of streptomycin were used. Intracavernous instillation of rifampicin in combination with 10 per cent solution of isoniazid was performed under the control of an x-ray unit with an image converter tube or with the developed administration procedure through an indwelling catheter. Intracavernous administration of the drugs was alternated with their RIA: either one-stage administration of the antibiotic in daily half doses to each cavern followed by RIA every second day or RIA of a daily half dose in the morning followed by intracavernous instillation of the second half dose to one cavern in 5-6 hours and the second half dose to the other cavern on the next day. Intracavernous instillation of rifampicin in combination with isoniazid together with their RIA in treatment of extensive destructive tuberculosis of the lungs provided 100 per cent elimination of tubercle bacilli in the internal organs of all the dogs and closing of the caverns with cicatrization in 70 per cent of the dogs and formation of microcavities in 30 per cent of the dogs within 30 days.

[Effectiveness of the rapid intravenous administration of rifampicin and isoniazid and of the intramuscular administration of streptomycin in disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in dogs]. / Effektivnost' ékspressnogo vnutrivennogo vvedeniia rifampitsina, izoniazida i vnutrimyshechnogo vvedeniia streptomitsina pri rasprostranennom destruktivnom tuberkuleze legkikh u sobak.

Soluble rifampicin and isoniazid injected rapidly by the intravenous route and streptomycin injected intramuscularly to dogs with disseminated destructive tuberculosis of the lungs provided sterilization of the organs with respect to M. tuberculosis for the period of their use for 2 months. This was confirmed microbiologically. The treatment resulted in resolution of the dissemination foci in the organs and stimulation of immunomorphological and connective tissue reactions in the lungs until the foci cicatrized. The shifts in liver function (bilirubin, ALT and AST) and coagulograms during the treatment were temporary and came to normal by the end of the treatment. The organotropic effect of soluble rifampicin in combination with isoniazid injected rapidly by the intravenous route and streptomycin injected intramuscularly was not observed during the treatment of the dogs with disseminated destructive tuberculosis of the lungs. Rapid intravenous injection of rifampicin in combination with other antimicrobial drugs will provide a significant decrease in the periods of chemotherapy of patients with disseminated destructive tuberculosis of the lungs.

A dimeric titanium-containing polyoxometalate. Synthesis, characterization, and catalysis of H2O2-based thioether oxidation.

The previously unknown titanium(IV)-containing mu-hydroxo dimeric heteropolytungstate (Bu4N)7[(PTiW11O39)2-OH] (TBA salt of H1) has been synthesized, starting from H5PTiW11O40, and characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear (31P, 17O, 183W) NMR, IR, FAB-MS, cyclic voltammetry, and potentiometric titration. 31P NMR reveals that H1 (delta -12.76) readily forms in MeCN from the Keggin monomer (POM), PTiW11O40(5-) (2, delta -13.34), upon the addition of 1.5 equiv of H+, via the protonated species, P(TiOH)W11O39(4-) (H2, delta -13.44). The ratio of H1, 2, and H2, which are present in equilibrium in MeCN solution at 25 degrees C, depends on the concentration of both H+ and H2O. The Ti-O-Ti linkage readily reacts with nucleophilic reagents, such as H2O and ROH, to yield monomeric Keggin derivatives. mu-Hydroxo dimer H1 shows higher catalytic activity than 2 for thioether oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile. The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature and affords the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone in ca. quantitative yield. The addition of H2O2 to H1 or H2 results in the formation of a peroxo complex, most likely the hydroperoxo complex P(TiOOH)W11O39(4-) (I), which has 31P NMR resonance at -12.43 ppm. The rate of the formation of I is higher from H2 than from H1. When H1 is used as a catalyst precursor, the rates of the thioether oxidation and peroxo complex formation increase with increasing H2O concentration, which favors the cleavage of H1 to H2. H2O2 in MeCN slowly converts 2 to another peroxotitanium complex, P(TiO2)W11O39(5-) (II), which has 31P NMR resonance at -12.98 ppm. Peroxo complexes I and II differ in their protonation state and interconvert fast on the 31P NMR time scale. Addition of 1 equiv of H+ completely converts II to I, while 1 equiv of OH- completely converts I to II. 31P NMR confirms that I is stable under turnover conditions (thioether, H2O2, MeCN). Contrary to two-phase systems such as dichloroethane/aqueous H2O2, no products resulting from the destruction of the Keggin POM were detected in MeCN in the presence of H2O2 (a 500-fold molar excess). The reactivity of I, generated in situ from II by adding 1 equiv of H+, toward organic sulfides under stoichiometric conditions was confirmed using both 31P NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. This is a rare demonstration of the direct stoichiometric oxidation of an organic substrate by a titanium peroxo complex.