Complete Genome Sequence of Indian Race 4 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Blight of Rice.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal bacterium of bacterial blight limits rice production globally. Currently, genome sequences for only a few X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates are available from India. Based on the next-generation sequencing and single-molecule sequencing in real-time technologies, we present here the complete genome sequence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae race 4, a highly virulent member of the Indian X. oryzae pv. oryzae population that has been extensively used in different research studies. The genome data will contribute to our understanding of X. oryzae pv. oryzae genomic features and pave the way for research on rice-X. oryzae pv. oryzae interactions.

Antibiotic Resistance Diagnosis in ESKAPE Pathogens-A Review on Proteomic Perspective.

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as an imminent pandemic. Rapid diagnostic assays distinguish bacterial infections from other diseases and aid antimicrobial stewardship, therapy optimization, and epidemiological surveillance. Traditional methods typically have longer turn-around times for definitive results. On the other hand, proteomic studies have progressed constantly and improved both in qualitative and quantitative analysis. With a wide range of data sets made available in the public domain, the ability to interpret the data has considerably reduced the error rates. This review gives an insight on state-of-the-art proteomic techniques in diagnosing antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE pathogens with a future outlook for evading the "imminent pandemic".

Rice transcriptome upon infection with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae relative to its avirulent T3SS-defective strain exposed modulation of many stress responsive genes.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive pathogen that causes bacterial blight disease of rice worldwide. Xoo uses T3SS (type III secretion system) effectors to subvert rice innate immunity. However, the comprehensive knowledge of rice genes involved in T3SS effectors-mediated interaction remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptome profiles of rice infected with a virulent Xoo strain from North-eastern region of India relatives to its avirulent strain (that lacks functional T3SS) were analyzed at early (2-6 hpi) and late (16-24 hpi) hours of infection. Out of total 255 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), during early infection, 62 and 70 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. At late infection, 70 and 53 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The transcriptomic data identified many differentially expressed resistant genes, transposons, transcription factors, serine/threonine protein kinase, cytochrome P450 and peroxidase genes that are involved in plant defense. Pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs are involved in hormone signaling, plant defense, cellular metabolism, growth and development processes. DEGs associated with plant defense were also validated through quantitative real-time PCR. Our study brings a comprehensive picture of the rice genes that are being differentially expressed during bacterial blight infection. Nevertheless, the DEG-associated pathways would provide sensible targets for developing resistance to bacterial blight. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03193-4.