ABSTRACT
The first total synthesis of juniperanol, the tricyclic sesquiterpenoid enantiomer of α-cedrol is described. The synthesis relies on stereoselective gold-catalyzed Ohloff-type propargylic ester rearrangement performed on a 10â¯g scale, and a carbocationic cascade in the presence of acetyl methanesulfonate. The ability of juniperanol to interfere in glucose processes in different cell types is described.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Glucose/metabolism , Hypoglycemic Agents/chemical synthesis , 3T3-L1 Cells , Adipocytes/drug effects , Adipocytes/metabolism , Animals , Cell Survival/drug effects , Hep G2 Cells , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Hepatocytes/metabolism , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Juniperus/chemistry , Mice , Molecular Structure , Wood/chemistryABSTRACT
A survey of teaching of morphologic sciences in Canadian medical schools has shown that few radical changes have taken place in most schools. The survey has also shown the following: (a) department chairmen have a major influence on teaching of morphologic sciences; (b) they are worried about the diminishing time alloted to them; (c) students, by their choice of electives, do not seem to share that worry; (d) lectures remain popular, as does disection in most schools; and (e) audiovisual methods, especially rediology, are becoming more popular but are not yet used on a very large scale.