ABSTRACT
Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.
Subject(s)
Biodiversity , Earth, Planet , Microbiota/genetics , Animals , Archaea/genetics , Archaea/isolation & purification , Bacteria/genetics , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Ecology/methods , Gene Dosage , Geographic Mapping , Humans , Plants/microbiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Lingual abscess is a rare clinical entity, with posterior involvement being much less common than anterior involvement. Typical inciting events include trauma or direct inoculation to the area. The clinical diagnosis can be difficult, and early imaging and specialist consultation should be pursued to make a definitive diagnosis and to prevent patient deterioration. CASE REPORT: We present a case of posterior lingual abscess in a 62-year-old man after he received antibiotic injections to the lower molars for periodontal disease. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Lingual abscess is a rare condition that is difficult to diagnose clinically. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis can lead to acute airway compromise and increased morbidity.
Subject(s)
Abscess/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Periodontal Diseases/complications , Tongue Diseases/microbiology , Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Abscess/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Humans , Injections, Intralesional/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Periodontal Diseases/drug therapy , Tongue Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tongue Diseases/drug therapyABSTRACT
Leptospirosis is an important cause of acute undifferentiated fever and complex multisystem febrile diseases in the tropics and subtropics. Understanding the evolution of Leptospira especially as related to the clinical pathogenesis of leptospirosis is facilitated by systematic comparative genomic analysis of human-infecting isolates. Here, we announce the complete genome sequences of three Leptospira strains that were isolated from blood of humans with undifferentiated fever in Sri Lanka.