ABSTRACT
We present two groups of cases of atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) detected in Argentina in 2015. The first group involved 14 patients from Chubut province and the second group affected 12 patients from San Luis province. Molecular analysis of the complete VP1 protein gene revealed the circulation of E2 sublineage, the most predominant worldwide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CV-A6 infections associated with atypical HFMD in Argentina and South America.
Subject(s)
Coxsackievirus Infections/complications , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Argentina , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
The family Picornaviridae is a large and diverse group of viruses that infect humans and animals. Picornaviruses are among the most common infections of humans and cause a wide spectrum of acute human disease. This study began as an investigation of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in a small area of eastern Bolivia, where surveillance had identified a persistently high AFP rate in children. Stools were collected and diagnostic studies ruled out poliovirus. We tested stool specimens from 51 AFP cases and 34 healthy household or community contacts collected during 2002-2003 using real-time and semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for enterovirus, parechovirus, cardiovirus, kobuvirus, salivirus and cosavirus. Anecdotal reports suggested a temporal association with neurological disease in domestic pigs, so six porcine stools were also collected and tested with the same set of assays, with the addition of an assay for porcine teschovirus. A total of 126 picornaviruses were detected in 73 of 85 human individuals, consisting of 53 different picornavirus types encompassing five genera (all except Kobuvirus). All six porcine stools contained porcine and/or human picornaviruses. No single virus, or combination of viruses, specifically correlated with AFP; however, the study revealed a surprising complexity of enteric picornaviruses in a single community.
Subject(s)
Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Picornaviridae Infections/virology , Picornaviridae/classification , Picornaviridae/genetics , Adolescent , Animals , Bolivia/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Feces/virology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Paraplegia/epidemiology , Paraplegia/virology , Picornaviridae/isolation & purification , Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rural Population , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/virology , Young AdultABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of adenovirusm (ADV) infections in neurological disorders. A total of 108 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 79 encephalitis cases, 7 meningitis and 22 other neurological diseases analysed in our laboratory between 2000 and 2002 were studied. Forty nine (47.4%) belonged to immunocompromised patients. Viral genome was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) and ADV genotypes were identified using partial gene sequence analysis of hexon gene. Adenovirus were detected in 6 of 108 (5.5%) CSF samples tested. All of these were from encephalitis cases, 6/79, representing 7.6% of them. No statistically significant differences were observed (p > 0.05) between the immunocompromised and non immunocompromised patients with ADV infection of the central nervous system. Two ADV genotypes (B1 and C) were identified. In conclusion, our results describe the role of ADV in neurologic infections in Argentina. The results contribute to the knowledge of ADV epidemiology, specially in encephalitis.
Subject(s)
Adenovirus Infections, Human/virology , Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification , Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/virology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/cerebrospinal fluid , Adenoviruses, Human/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Child , Child, Preschool , Encephalitis, Viral/virology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
We present two groups of cases of atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) detected in Argentina in 2015. The first group involved 14 patients from Chubut province and the second group affected 12 patients from San Luis province. Molecular analysis of the complete VP1 protein gene revealed the circulation of E2 sublineage, the most predominant worldwide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CV-A6 infections associated with atypical HFMD in Argentina and South America.
Se describen dos grupos de casos de enfermedad de mano-pie-boca (HFMD) atípica causada por el virus Coxsackie A6 (Coxsackievirus A6, CV-A6) detectados en Argentina en el año 2015. El primero de los grupos involucró a 14 pacientes de Chubut y el segundo a 12 pacientes de San Luis. El análisis molecular del gen de la proteína VP1 completa reveló la circulación del sublinaje E2, el predominante a nivel global. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer reporte de infecciones CV-A6 asociadas con HFMD atípica en Argentina y Sudamérica.