Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer-Based Viscosity-Responsive Probe Reveals Lysosomal Degradation Process of Endocytosed Foreign Bodies.

The optimization of nanomedicines requires a thorough understanding of nanocarrier attrition during lysosome-mediated biological processes. Real-time monitoring of endocytosis provides valuable insights into the lysosomal effects on nanocarriers and the release of nanodrugs. We report the development of a coresponsive probe that detects changes in the spatial viscosity of the intracellular domain caused by lysosomal degradation of foreign bodies. The probe, based on a benzofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine structure, exhibits torsional intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and responds to ambient viscosity changes with a sensitive fluorescence intensity. The antidiffused fluorescence transition of the probe in the spatially restricted domain serves as a key indicator for real-time monitoring. When encapsulated with diverse foreign bodies and emitted into macrophages by endocytosis, the probe forms nanoparticles. Lysosomes uptake these materials for intracellular digestion, causing alterations in the aggregation or depolymerization state of the nanoparticles, leading to viscosity changes manifested by the probe's fluorescence. By studying the spatial viscosity changes caused by lysosomal degradation of foreign bodies, our monitoring strategy contributes to understanding the digestion or escape capabilities of potential pharmaceutical-carrying nanocarriers, providing guidelines to design more effective nanocarriers that navigate lysosomal degradation to achieve precise drug payloads and release.

Flow injection chemiluminescence sensor based on core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for determination of sulfadiazine.

A novel flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) sensor for determination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) using core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) as recognition element is developed. Briefly, a hydrophilic MMIPs layer was produced at the surface of Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via combination of molecular imprinting and reversible stimuli responsive hydrogel. And it provided the MMIPs with excellent adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption rate due to the imprinted sites mostly situated on the surface of MMIPs. Then the prepared SDZ-MMIPs were packed into flow cell to establish a novel FI-CL sensor. The sensor provided a wide linear range for SDZ of 4.0×10(-7) to 1.0×10(-4) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 1.54×10(-7) mol L(-1). And the relative standard deviation (RSD) for the determination of 1.0×10(-6) mol L(-1) SDZ was 2.56% (n=11). The proposed method was applied to determine SDZ in urine samples and satisfactory results were obtained.