ABSTRACT
Mammalian urine releases complex mixtures of volatile compounds that are used in reproduction, territoriality and conspecific recognition. To understand how such complex mixtures are represented in the main olfactory bulb, we analysed the electrophysiological responses of individual mitral cells to volatile compounds in mouse urine. In both males and females, urine volatile compounds evoke robust responses in a small subset of mitral cells. Fractionation of the volatile compounds using gas chromatography showed that out of the hundreds of compounds present, mitral cells are activated by single compounds. One cohort of mitral cells responded exclusively to male urine; these neurons were activated by (methylthio)methanethiol, a potent, previously unknown semiochemical present only in male urine. When added to urine, synthetic (methylthio)methanethiol significantly enhances urine attractiveness to female mice. We conclude that mitral cells represent natural odorant stimuli by acting as selective feature detectors, and that their activation is largely independent of the presence of other components in the olfactory stimulus.
Subject(s)
Olfactory Bulb/physiology , Social Behavior , Urine/chemistry , Urine/physiology , Animals , Chromatography, Gas , Female , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/physiology , Odorants/analysis , Olfactory Bulb/cytology , Olfactory Bulb/drug effects , Sex Attractants/analysis , Sex Attractants/chemistry , Sex Attractants/pharmacology , Sex Characteristics , Smell/physiology , Species Specificity , Stimulation, Chemical , Sulfhydryl Compounds/analysis , Sulfhydryl Compounds/chemistry , Sulfhydryl Compounds/pharmacology , VolatilizationABSTRACT
Natural odorants are complex mixtures of diverse chemical compounds. Monomolecular odorants are represented in the main olfactory bulb by distinct spatial patterns of activated glomeruli. However, it remains unclear how individual compounds contribute to population representations of natural stimuli, which appear to be unexpectedly sparse. We combined gas chromatography and intrinsic signal imaging to visualize glomerular responses to natural stimuli and their fractionated components. While whole stimuli activated up to 20 visible glomeruli, each fractionated component activated only one or few glomeruli, and most glomeruli were activated by only one component. Thus, responses to complex mixtures reflected activation by multiple components, with each contributing only a small part of the overall representation. We conclude that the population response to a complex stimulus is largely the sum of the responses to its individual components, and activation of an individual glomerulus independently signals the presence of a specific component.