ABSTRACT
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted ofur normal life. Many cities enforced a cordon sanitaire as a countermeasure to protect densely inhabited areas. Travelers can only cross the cordon after being checked. To minimize the waiting time in the queue, this paper proposes a method to determine the scientific planning of urban cordon sanitaire for desired queuing time, which is a significant problem that has not been explored. A novel two-stage optimization model is proposed where the first stage is the transportation system equilibrium problem to predict traffic inflow, and the second stage is the queuing network design problem to determine the allocation of test stations. This method aims to minimize the total health infrastructure investment for the desired maximum queuing time. Note that queuing theory is used to represent the queuing phenomenon at each urban entrance. A heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model where the Method of Successive Averages (MSA) is adopted for the first stage, and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) with elite strategy is adopted for the second stage. An experimental study with sensitivity analysis is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results show that the methods can find a good heuristic optimal solution. This research is helpful for policymakers to determine the optimal investment and planning of cordon sanitaire for disease prevention and control, as well as other criminal activities such as drunk driving, terrorists, and smuggling.
ABSTRACT
Isoxazole compounds exhibit a wide spectrum of targets and broad biological activities. Developing compounds with heterocycle rings has been one of the trends. The integration of isoxazole ring can offer improved physical-chemical properties. Because of the unique profiles, isoxazole ring becomes a popular moiety in compounds design. In this review article, the major focus has been paid to the applications of isoxazole compounds in treating multiple diseases, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, etc. Strategies for compounds design for preclinical, clinical, and FDA approved drugs were discussed. Also, the emphasis has been addressed to the future perspectives and trend for the application.