PhI(OAc)2-Promoted 1,2-Transfer Reaction between 1,1-Disubstituted Allylic Alcohols and Thiophenols.

The PhI(OAc)2-promoted 1,2-transfer reaction between allylic alcohols and thiophenols, conducted in an argon atmosphere, has proven to be effective in producing ß-carbonyl sulfides from 1,1-disubstituted allylic alcohols in high yields. This method offers a fast and efficient way to synthesize ß-carbonyl sulfides, which are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis. This discussion focuses on the effects of the oxidizer, temperature, and solvent on the reaction. A proposed tentative mechanism for this reaction is also discussed.

[Isolation and expression analysis of a hexose transporter gene DoHT1 in Dendrobium officinale].

In this study, RACE technology was employed to isolate the full length cDNA of DoHT1 in Dendrobium officinale, followed by bioinformatics analysis of the sequence characteristics. And the expression pattern of the gene was also analyzed by quantitative PCR. The full length cDNA of DoHT1 was 1 586 bp in length, containing a 1 536 bp ORF, which encoded a 511-aa protein with molecular weight of 56.18 kD and isoelectric point of 9.08. The deduced DoHT1 protein had the major facilitator superfamily conserved domain (22-483), SUGAR₋TRANSPORT₋1 (139-164), and SUGAR₋TRANSPORT₋2 (338-355), typical for sugar transporter; DoHT1, without a single peptide had 11 transmembrane regions, and was predicted to locate in the plasma membrane; DoHT1 had high identities (54.7%-80.7%) with HTs proteins from various plants. DoHT1 belonged to the MST (monosaccharide transporter) group of the evolutionary tree, and was closely related to the Phalaenopsis equestris. DoHT1 was differentially expressed in the three included organs. The transcripts were significantly the most abundant in the leaves with 19.36 fold than roots, then 1.82 fold in the stems than the roots. The identification and molecular characterization of the full length DoHT1 will be essential for further function study of the gene during the regulation of sugar metabolism of D. officinale.

Anti-Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Mechanism of Dried Ginger-Aconite Decoction Based on Network Pharmacology.

Dried ginger-aconite decoction (DAD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has been extensively used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI). However, its specific mechanism against MI/RI has not been reported yet. Therefore, this paper studies the potential active components and mechanism of DAD against MI/RI based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Sixteen active components of DAD were screened according to oral bioavailability and drug similarity indices. Through Cytoscape 3.7.0, a component-target network diagram was drawn, and potential active components of DAD against MI/RI were determined. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and compound-target-pathway (C-T-P) networks were established through the software to discover the biological processes, core targets and core pathways of DAD against MI/RI. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified the presence of potentially active core components for network pharmacological prediction in DAD. It was found that DAD might have played a therapeutic role in anti-MI/RI by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3ß signaling pathway in order to reduce mitochondrial hypoxia injury and myocardial cell apoptosis. The network pharmacological prediction was validated by Hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) model in vitro and ligation model of the ligation of the left anterior descending branch in vivo. It was verified that DAD had activated PI3K/AKT/GSK-3ß to reduce myocardial apoptosis and play a therapeutic function in MI/RI.

The complete chloroplast genome of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt.

In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt was investigated. The whole chloroplast genome sequence is 166,086 bp in length, which consists of a 94,376 bp large single copy (LSC) and an 18,678 bp small single copy (SSC) regions, separated by a pair of 26,518 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The chloroplast genome of T. pallida encodes 131 annotated known unique genes including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences demonstrated that T. pallida is most closely related to Belosynapsis ciliate.

[Alkaloid constituents of Corydalis adunca].

OBJECTIVE: To study the alkaloid component of Corydalis adunca Maxim. METHODS: The constituents were isolated by chromatographic methods, their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidences. RESULTS: Three compounds were purified and their structures were identified, they were identified as dorydaline (I), dehydrocorydaline (II), dihydrosanguinarine (III). CONCLUSION: Compounds I , II are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Rapid extraction of lexical tone phonology in Chinese characters: a visual mismatch negativity study.

BACKGROUND: In alphabetic languages, emerging evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies shows the rapid and automatic activation of phonological information in visual word recognition. In the mapping from orthography to phonology, unlike most alphabetic languages in which there is a natural correspondence between the visual and phonological forms, in logographic Chinese, the mapping between visual and phonological forms is rather arbitrary and depends on learning and experience. The issue of whether the phonological information is rapidly and automatically extracted in Chinese characters by the brain has not yet been thoroughly addressed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We continuously presented Chinese characters differing in orthography and meaning to adult native Mandarin Chinese speakers to construct a constant varying visual stream. In the stream, most stimuli were homophones of Chinese characters: The phonological features embedded in these visual characters were the same, including consonants, vowels and the lexical tone. Occasionally, the rule of phonology was randomly violated by characters whose phonological features differed in the lexical tone. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We showed that the violation of the lexical tone phonology evoked an early, robust visual response, as revealed by whole-head electrical recordings of the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), indicating the rapid extraction of phonological information embedded in Chinese characters. Source analysis revealed that the vMMN was involved in neural activations of the visual cortex, suggesting that the visual sensory memory is sensitive to phonological information embedded in visual words at an early processing stage.