[Improving the systemic oxygenation by enteral oxygen therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To study possibilities of enteral oxygen therapy for the improvement of systemic oxygenation. We studied 34 critical patients. RESULTS: Insufflation of oxygen into intestines brought to delayed and prolonged increase of systemic oxygenation (PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 growth, p<0.001, ANOVA, Holm-Sidack test) reaching its maximum in 9 hours after the insufflation procedure and lasting 32 hrs. Oxygen administration into stomach did not result to better oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account low volumes of insufflated oxygen (from 2 to 6 L) and the duration of achieved systemic oxygenating effect, we may suggest that mechanism of systemic oxygenation was not based on the direct intestinal oxygen absorption, but rather due to normalization of the gastrointestinal tract functions and followed systemic metabolism change improving pulmonary gas exchange. Future investigations are needed to clarify mechanisms.

[Video capsule endoscopy in the diagnostics of small intestine diseases].

Video capsule endoscopy is a safe and noninvasive, well-endurable method of the direct visual inspection of the whole of the small intestine. The most frequent indications for video capsule endoscopy are the diagnostics of latent gastro-intestinal bleedings, angiodysplasias, Crohn disease, celiac disease, syndromes of hereditary polyposis and tumors of the small intestine. The authors describe the first experience of using this new method in the domestic clinical practice. Data concerning the diagnostics of lesions of the small intestine by the method of video capsule endoscopy as well as the wide range of lesions of the mucous membrane in different diseases of the small intestine are presented.

[The role of endoscopy in determining the indications for the surgical treatment of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome and of bleeding acute gastroduodenal ulcers]. / Rol' éndoskopii v opredelenii pokazanii k operativnomu lecheniiu sindroma Mallori--Veisa i krovotochashchikh ostrykh gastroduodenal'nykh iazv.

The frequency of acute sources of bleeding has recently increased (47%) in the general picture of gastrointestinal bleedings which makes the improvement of diagnosing "acute" sources of hemorrhage and the development of more perfect methods of nonoperative hemostasis very actual. The authors believe that "Kaprofer" used in most of patients with bleedings from acute ulcers and ruptures of the gastro-esophageal zone mucosa (95%) allows the hemorrhage to be arrested. The treatment can be continued without operative interventions. Search for new hemostatic drugs must be performed in order to obtain reliable and long-term effects of drugs with a minimum aggressive action upon the mucosa.