Research Advances in the Treatment of Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome.

Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) is a relatively uncommon clinical condition. It has been poorly reported in the literature. Hence, doctors are not sufficiently aware of the disease and are prone to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, which can undoubtedly prolong the course of the disease, reduce the quality of life of patients and even affect their function. This paper reviews the literature and summarizes the treatment options for bone marrow edema syndrome, such as symptomatic treatment, extracorporeal shock waves therapy (ESWT), pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEFs), hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), vitamin D, iloprost, bisphosphonates, denosumab, and surgery, etc. This informs clinicians in treating bone marrow edema syndrome, hopefully improving patients' quality of life and shortening the duration of their disease.

Selective photochromism in a self-coated WO3/WO3-x homojunction: enhanced solar modulation efficiency, high luminous transmittance and fast self-bleaching rate.

Pursuing excellent photochromic (PC) properties is still a longstanding challenge for energy-efficient smart coatings. Herein, we have prepared a novel series of self-coated crystalline WO3-amorphous WO3-x homojunctions by a one-step hydrothermal process, in which oxalic acid was used as a capping agent to prevent polycondensation and the crystallization of [WO6]. The as-prepared nanopowders with tight interfaces have a large specific surface area and rich surface electrons, which leads to a dramatic PC property reaching up to ΔT sol = 64.74% at the near-infrared (NIR) range of 1000-2600 nm with high luminous transmittance (T lum = 94.6% in the virgin state and T lum = 32.47% in the colored state). Meanwhile, the as-prepared crystalline WO3-amorphous WO3-x homojunction reveals fast reversible PC circulation; most particularly, the self-bleaching rate increases at least three times-the self-bleaching time is less than 8 h. Moreover, as the microstructure of the homojunction is tuned, the solar modulation range can be selective and tuned, so that the solar modulation efficiency is up to the best energy-saving state by controlling the main absorption according to the solar energy distribution.

Identification of osteoporosis ferroptosis-related markers and potential therapeutic compounds based on bioinformatics methods and molecular docking technology.

RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common bone diseases worldwide, characterized by low bone mineral density and susceptibility to pathological fractures, especially in postmenopausal women and elderly men. Ferroptosis is one of the newly discovered forms of cell death regulated by genes in recent years. Many studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to many diseases. However, there are few studies on ferroptosis in osteoporosis, and the mechanism of ferroptosis in osteoporosis is still unclear. This study aims to identify biomarkers related to osteoporosis ferroptosis from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database through bioinformatics technology, and to mine potential therapeutic small molecule compounds through molecular docking technology, trying to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We downloaded the ferroptosis-related gene set from the FerrDb database ( http://www.zhounan.org/ferrdb/index.html ), downloaded the data sets GSE56815 and GSE7429 from the GEO database, and used the R software "limma" package to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from GSE56815, and intersected with the ferroptosis gene set to obtain ferroptosis-related DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed by the R software "clusterProfiler" package. The random forest model was further screened to obtain essential ferroptosis genes. R software "corrplot" package was used for correlation analysis of essential ferroptosis genes, and the Wilcox test was used for significance analysis. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA-TF regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape software. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to construct a disease diagnosis model, and a Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic performance, and then GSE7429 was used to verify the reliability of the diagnosis model. Molecular docking technology was used to screen potential small molecule compounds from the Drugbank database. Finally, a rat osteoporosis model was constructed, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted for qRT-PCR detection to verify the mRNA expression levels of crucial ferroptosis genes. RESULT: Six DEGs related to ferroptosis were initially screened out. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that ferroptosis-related DEGs were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as maintenance of iron ion homeostasis, copper ion binding function, and ferroptosis. The random forest model identified five key ferroptosis genes, including CP, FLT3, HAMP, HMOX1, and SLC2A3. Gene correlation analysis found a relatively low correlation between these five key ferroptosis genes. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA-TF regulatory network shows that BAZ1B and STAT3 may also be potential molecules. The ROC curve of the disease diagnosis model shows that the model has a good diagnostic performance. Molecular docking technology screened out three small molecule compounds, including NADH, Midostaurin, and Nintedanib small molecule compounds. qRT-PCR detection confirmed the differential expression of CP, FLT3, HAMP, HMOX1 and SLC2A3 between OP and normal control group. CONCLUSION: This study identified five key ferroptosis genes (CP, FLT3, HAMP, HMOX1, and SLC2A3), they were most likely related to OP ferroptosis. In addition, we found that the small molecule compounds of NADH, Midostaurin, and Nintedanib had good docking scores with these five key ferroptosis genes. These findings may provide new clues for the early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in the future.

Titanium scaffold loaded with strontium and copper double-doped hydroxyapatite can inhibit bacterial growth and enhance osteogenesis.

Co-doping of multiple ions can effectively adjust the biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) for various biomedical applications. In this study, we prepared Sr2+ and Cu2+ double-doped hollow HA and characterized them by SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, and other methods. We found that Sr2+ and Cu2+ were uniformly distributed in the hollow carbonic acid HA microspheres. As the proportion of metal elements increases, the microspherical appearance and crystallinity properties also change. In addition, we also prepared porous titanium scaffolds through 3D printing technology and constructed composite scaffolds of porous titanium scaffolds, Sr2+ and Cu2+ double-doped HA, and gelatin. In vitro cell experiments and bacterial experiments, the composite scaffolds, especially the 10%Cu-10%Sr- HA/Gel/Ti group scaffolds, have good biocompatibility and integration with bone tissues, promoting the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs while having excellent antibacterial properties. These composite scaffolds can simultaneously achieve bone defect filling, osteoblast differentiation, and antibacterial functions, owning broad clinical application prospects.

Highly Enhanced Thermochromic Performance of VO2 Film Using "Movable" Antireflective Coatings.

The VO2 film with "movable" antireflective (AR) coating was initially designed and successfully prepared to deal with the challenges that VO2 faced. The "movable" AR layer, including water and other organic solvents, not only endowed VO2 with active-passive regulation mode but also dramatically enhanced the thermochromic performance. Furthermore, we combined solid and movable antireflection layer for further structural optimization, and the result turned out to be superior to any multilayer structure reported previously. We believe that this revolutionary concept of AR coating will open up a new avenue for low-cost smart window applications.

Self-Template Synthesis of Nanoporous VO2-Based Films: Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Enhanced Optical Performance for Solar Glazing Application.

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon) has been selected as the self-template structural material in the preparation of VO2 films using a reactive magnetron sputtering method and post-annealing process. VO2 films with spontaneous random nanoporous structures growing on quartz glasses have been deliberately established via bottom-up processing through this novel and facile approach. The nanoporous VO2 films exhibit an excellent optical performance based on the localized surface plasmon resonance, with ultrahigh luminous transmittance ( Tlum-L) up to 78.0% and the promoted solar modulation ability (Δ Tsol) of 14.1%. Meanwhile, the ingenious microstructure of the film provides an antireflection function from multiple perspectives on visible light and indicates the potential of the windshield on vehicles for smart solar modulation. The nanoporous films expand the practical application of thermochromic VO2 to a fire-new field, breaking the optical performance envelope of the single-layer dense VO2 film away, and offering a universal method to prepare homogeneous nanoporous structures for thin films.

A plasmonic non-stoichiometric WO3-x homojunction with stabilizing surface plasmonic resonance for selective photochromic modulation.

Here, we fabricated an oxygen-deficient WO3-x crystalline/amorphous homojunction with a strong and tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption and realized selective solar modulation over infrared light by controlling the experimental parameters. The homojunction shows good LSPR stability in photochromic cycles, which paves the way to control LSPR applications.

Multi-nanolayered VO2/Sapphire Thin Film via Spinodal Decomposition.

Coating of VO2-based thin film has been extensively studied for fabricating energy-saving smart windows. One of the most efficient ways for fabricating high performance films is to create multi-nanolayered structure. However, it has been highly challenge to make such layers in the VO2-based films using conventional methods. In this work, a facile two-step approach is established to fabricate multilayered VO2-TiO2 thin films. We first deposited the amorphous thin films upon sputtering, and then anneal them to transform the amorphous phase into alternating Ti- and V-rich multilayered nanostructure via a spinodal decomposition mechanism. In particular, we take advantage of different sapphire substrate planes (A-plane (11-20), R-plane (1-102), C-plane (0001), and M-plane (10-10)) to achieve different decomposition modes. The new approach has made it possible to tailoring the microstructure of the thin films for optimized performances by controlling the disorder-order transition in terms of both kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. The derived thin films exhibit superior optical modulation upon phase transition, significantly reduced transition temperature and hysteresis loop width, and high degradation resistance, these improvements indicate a high potential to be used for fabricating the next generation of energy saving smart windows.

Facile and Low-Temperature Fabrication of Thermochromic Cr2O3/VO2 Smart Coatings: Enhanced Solar Modulation Ability, High Luminous Transmittance and UV-Shielding Function.

In the pursuit of energy efficient materials, vanadium dioxide (VO2) based smart coatings have gained much attention in recent years. For smart window applications, VO2 thin films should be fabricated at low temperature to reduce the cost in commercial fabrication and solve compatibility problems. Meanwhile, thermochromic performance with high luminous transmittance and solar modulation ability, as well as effective UV shielding function has become the most important developing strategy for ideal smart windows. In this work, facile Cr2O3/VO2 bilayer coatings on quartz glasses were designed and fabricated by magnetron sputtering at low temperatures ranging from 250 to 350 °C as compared with typical high growth temperatures (>450 °C). The bottom Cr2O3 layer not only provides a structural template for the growth of VO2 (R), but also serves as an antireflection layer for improving the luminous transmittance. It was found that the deposition of Cr2O3 layer resulted in a dramatic enhancement of the solar modulation ability (56.4%) and improvement of luminous transmittance (26.4%) when compared to single-layer VO2 coating. According to optical measurements, the Cr2O3/VO2 bilayer structure exhibits excellent optical performances with an enhanced solar modulation ability (ΔTsol = 12.2%) and a high luminous transmittance (Tlum,lt = 46.0%), which makes a good balance between ΔTsol and Tlum for smart windows applications. As for UV-shielding properties, more than 95.8% UV radiation (250-400 nm) can be blocked out by the Cr2O3/VO2 structure. In addition, the visualized energy-efficient effect was modeled by heating a beaker of water using infrared imaging method with/without a Cr2O3/VO2 coating glass.