Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training as a Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes.

Our purpose was to investigate the effects of low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIT) on cardiometabolic risk and exercise capacity in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sedentary overweight/obese T2DM women (age=44.5±1.8 years; BMI=30.5±0.6 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to a tri-weekly running-based HIT program (n=13) or non-exercise control follow-up (CON; n=10). Glycemic control, lipid and blood pressure levels, endurance performance, and anthropometry were measured before and after the follow-up (16 weeks) in both groups. Medication intake was also assessed throughout the follow-up. Improvements (P<0.05) on fasting glucose (14.3±1.4%), HbA1c (12.8±1.1%), systolic blood pressure (3.7±0.5 mmHg), HDL-cholesterol (21.1±2.8%), triglycerides (17.7±2.8%), endurance performance (9.8±1.0%), body weight (2.2±0.3%), BMI (2.1±0.3%), waist circumference (4.0±0.5%) and subcutaneous fat (18.6±1.4%) were found after HIT intervention. Patients of HIT group also showed reductions in daily dosage of antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive medication during follow-up. No changes were found in any variable of CON group. The HIT-induced improvements occurred with a weekly time commitment 56-25% lower than the minimal recommended in current guidelines. These findings suggest that low-volume HIT may be a time-efficient intervention to treat T2DM women.

Jump Training in Youth Soccer Players: Effects of Haltere Type Handheld Loading.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a jump training program, with or without haltere type handheld loading, on maximal intensity exercise performance. Youth soccer players (12.1±2.2 y) were assigned to either a jump training group (JG, n=21), a jump training group plus haltere type handheld loading (LJG, n=21), or a control group following only soccer training (CG, n=21). Athletes were evaluated for maximal-intensity performance measures before and after 6 weeks of training, during an in-season training period. The CG achieved a significant change in maximal kicking velocity only (ES=0.11-0.20). Both jump training groups improved in right leg (ES=0.28-0.45) and left leg horizontal countermovement jump with arms (ES=0.32-0.47), horizontal countermovement jump with arms (ES=0.28-0.37), vertical countermovement jump with arms (ES=0.26), 20-cm drop jump reactive strength index (ES=0.20-0.37), and maximal kicking velocity (ES=0.27-0.34). Nevertheless, compared to the CG, only the LJG exhibited greater improvements in all performance tests. Therefore, haltere type handheld loading further enhances performance adaptations during jump training in youth soccer players.

Efecto de 8 semanas de corriente TENS modificada y la corriente rusa, sobre la fuerza muscular y la composición corporal / Efeito de 8 semanas de corrente TENS modificada e corrente russa sobre a força e composição corporal / Effects of 8 weeks of modified TENS current and russian current, on muscle strength and body composition

Objetivo. Comparar el efecto de 2 métodos de electroestimulación en las siguientes variables: fuerza y antropometría. Método. Se realizó una investigación experimental, aleatoria y simple ciego. Se evaluó a 18 sujetos, distribuidos en: Grupo Corriente TENS Modificada (CTM: n = 6), Grupo Corriente Rusa (CR: n = 6) y Grupo Control (TC: n = 6, sometido a corriente TENS Convencional, considerada en la presente investigación como placebo). Resultados. Al cabo de 8 semanas, solo CTM incrementó la fuerza máxima (p < 0.035) y redujo el grosor del pliegue subcutáneo de la pierna derecha (p < 0.03). Conclusiones. La técnica de electroestimulación con corriente TENS Modificada es efectiva para el entrenamiento muscular (AU)

Objetivo. Comparar o efeito de 2 métodos de eletroestimulação nas seguintes variáveis: força e antropometria. Método. Um estudo experimental, randomizado, cego simples. Foram avaliados 18 indivíduos, distribuídos em: grupo de corrente TENS modificada (CTM: n = 6), grupo corrente russa (CR: n = 6) e grupo controle (TC: n = 6, submetido a corrente TENS convencional, considerada nesta investigação como placebo). Resultados. Após 8 semanas, CTM aumentou a força máxima (p < 0,035) e reduziu a espessura de pregas subcutâneas da coxa direita (p < 0,03). Conclusões. A técnica de eletroestimulação com corrente TENS modificada é eficaz para treinamento muscular (AU)

Objective. To compare the effect of two methods of electrostimulation on the following variables: strength and anthropometry. Method. An experimental, randomized, and simple blind investigation was performed. Eighteen subjects were evaluated distributed into a Modified TENS Current Group (CTM: n = 6), Russian Current Group (CR: n = 6), and a Control Group (TC: n = 6, submitted to traditional TENS current, considered as placebo in this research). Results. After 8 weeks, only CTM obtained an increase in maximal strength (p < 0.035), and a reduction in the subcutaneous fat thickness of the right thigh (p < 0.03). Conclusions. A Modified TENS Current is effective for muscular training (AU)

Valoración de la maduración biológica: usos y aplicaciones en el ámbito escolar / Assessment of biological maturation: uses and applications in schools

Los indicadores de la valoración de la maduración biológica son ampliamente utilizados en diversas áreas. Proporcionan información relevante que permite determinar el ritmo o tiempo de maduración individual. El uso y la aplicación varía entre las técnicas, sin embargo, todos tienen un objetivo común, la clasificación de los niños y adolescentes en estadios de maduración. En este sentido, el objetivo de la presente revisión fue describir los indicadores de maduración biológica e indagar los posibles usos y aplicaciones dentro del ámbito escolar. Se concluye que a) la mayoría de los estudios coinciden en especificar que la maduración esquelética o edad ósea es el indicador más útil, aunque la predicción del pico de velocidad de crecimiento propuesta por Mirwald et al. (2002) es un indicador que permite valorar a poblaciones escolares de forma transversal y b) la valoración de la maduración, independientemente del tipo de metodología puede ser aplicada en el área clínica, la escuela, en el deporte y en la calidad de vida, como un medio de clasificación de grupos de trabajo para homogeneizar a los niños y adolescentes en circunstancias deportivas y no deportiva (AU)

The indicators for the assessment of biological maturation are widely used in various fields. Provide relevant information for determining the rate or time of individual maturation. The use and application varies between techniques, however, all have a common goal, the classification of children and adolescents in maturation stages. In this sense, the objective of this review was to describe indicators of biological maturation and investigate the possible uses and applications within the school. We conclude that a) most studies agree that specify skeletal maturity or bone age is the most useful indicator, although predicting the peak growth rate given by Mirwald et al. (2002) is an indicator for assessing school populations transversely, and b) the assessment of maturation, regardless of the methodology can be applied in the clinic, school, sports and quality of life as a means of classifying groups working to unify children and adolescents in circunstances competition and non-sports (AU)

Cambios en la adiposidad corporal de adolescentes escolares(1997-2007) / Changes in body fat of adolescent students (1997-2007)

Objetivo: Determinar los cambios prospectivos de la adiposidad corporal de adolescentes escolares en un intervalo de 10 años (1997-2007). Método: El estudio es de tipo longitudinal (Trend). Los escolares fueron seleccionados de forma probabilística (estratificado) de cinco provincias de la Región del Maule (Cauquenes, Linares, Constitución, Curicó y Talca). El tamaño de la muestra del año 1997 fue de 236 (129 chicos y 137 chicas) y del año 2007 de 253 (140 chicos y 113 chicas). Las edades oscilaron entre 11,0 a 14,9 años. Se evaluó las variables de peso, estatura y 4 pliegues cutáneos. Resultados: No hubo cambios en el peso, estatura, IMC y los pliegues del brazo (Bi+Tr), sin embargo, en relación a la adiposidad corporal de la región central del cuerpo (Sb+Si) se observó diferencias significativas de tejido adiposo en ambos sexos y en todas las edades (p<0,001). Conclusión: Se determinó cambios prospectivos en la adiposidad corporal en escolares de ambos sexos. Los resultados hacen presagiar el aumento de tejido adiposo en la región central del cuerpo durante la adolescencia al menos hasta el año 2007 (AU)

Objective: To determine prospective changes of body fat among school adolescents in an interval of 10 years (1997-2007). Method: The study is a longitudinal (Trend). The scholars were selected in a probabilistic (stratified) in five provinces of Maule Region (Cauquenes, Linares, Constitution, Curicó and Talca). The sample size of 1997 was 236 (129 boys and 137 girls) and 253 2007 (140 boys and 113 girls). Ages ranged from 11.0 to 14.9 years. Variables were assessed weight, height and 4 skinfolds. Results: No changes in weight, height, BMI and arm folds (Bi+Tr), however, in relation to body fat in the central region of the body (Sb+Si) showed significant differences (p<0,001) adipose tissue in both sexes and at all ages. We determined prospective changes in body fat among schoolchildren of both sexes. The results portend increased adipose tissue in the central region of the body during adolescence at least until 2007 (AU)