Impact of Mediterranean diet in lowering risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of gestational diabetes is increasing, and the Mediterranean diet is highly recommended for health. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study the presence of GDM is the dependent variable, and socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are the independent variables in this study, which was carried out in pregnant women who were 24-28 weeks pregnant and had Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, weight and height measurements of the pregnant women were made, and the diagnosis of GDM was made with OGTT. RESULTS: Two hundred and seven pregnant women participated in the study and 85 of them (41.1%) were diagnosed as GDM. According to Logistic Regression models, age (OR: 1.088, 95% CI: 1.031-1.149) and infertility treatment (OR: 4.570, 95% CI: 1.443-14.474) significantly increased the occurrence of GDM, while adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 0.683, 95% CI: 0.568-0.820) significantly reduced the risk. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly two-fifths of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM while only one-fourth complied with a Mediterranean diet. The increase in the frequency of GDM should be carefully monitored. It may be useful to detect risky pregnant women at the time of the first diagnosis, to measure their glucose levels, and to give suggestions about the Mediterranean diet in the early period.

Evaluation of the nutritional habits of second-year high school students in the Seferihisar region with the ecological framework / Avaliação dos hábitos nutricionais dos alunos do segundo ano do ensino médio na Região de Seferihisar pelo modelo ecológico

ABSTRACT Objective The study aims to identify the nutritional habits of second-year high school students in Seferihisar, Turkey, and the factors associated thereof, based on the Ecological Framework. Methods In this cross-sectional study by a self-reported questionnaire, second-year high school students (n=392) attending public schools in Seferihisar had their nutritional habits measured with the Adolescent Food Habits Checklist scale. The food habit score was calculated and associated factors were evaluated in 4 layers based on the Mary Story's Ecological Framework (individual factors, social, physical and macro-level environments). The data analysis for the association of these layers with the food habits score was executed through multi-level linear regression. Results Students' participation rate was 87.7% (n=344). Of all the layers (from individual factors to the influence of the social environment and macro-level environment: nutritional literacy, the food consumption of their peers at school, availability of fruits-vegetables at home, buying junk food at the school canteen, presence of posters at school, etc.), the option for advertised food items was statistically explanatory based on the linear regression analysis (p<0.05). Conclusions The model derived from the Ecological Framework explained 45% of the nutritional habits with an equivalent contribution from the four layers. Availability of healthy food items where the students lived and higher levels of nutritional literacy led to healthy nutritional habits. Having healthy food items sold at school canteens at affordable prices, using posters to promote a healthy diet, and introducing nutrition-related courses into the curricula would support students in developing healthy nutritional habits.

RESUMO Objetivo O presente estudo almeja determinar os hábitos nutricionais de adolescentes do 2º ano do Ensino Médio em Seferihisar, Turquia, e os fatores associados a esses hábitos no âmbito da Teoria Ecológica. Métodos Neste estudo transversal de questionário autoadministrado, os hábitos nutricionais de alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio (n=392) de escolas públicas em Seferihisar foram avaliados através da escala da Lista de Verificação dos Hábitos Alimentares de Adolescentes. A pontuação de hábito alimentar foi calculada e os fatores associados foram avaliados em quatro camadas baseadas no modelo criado no âmbito da Teoria Ecológica de Mary Story (fatores individuais, sociais, físicos e ambientais de nível macro). A análise de dados para a associação dessas camadas com a pontuação dos hábitos alimentares foi executada através de regressão linear multinível. Resultados A taxa de participação dos alunos no estudo foi de 87,7% (n=344). Em relação a cada camada, foram avaliados desde fatores individuais, nível de conhecimento de nutrição, ambiente social, consumo de alimentos pelos colegas na escola, ambiente físico, disponibilidade de frutas e vegetais em casa, compras de comida sem qualidade na cantina da escola, presença de cartazes na escola e ambiente do nível macro. A preferência por alimentos anunciados foi estatisticamente explanatória com base na análise de regressão linear (p<0,05). Conclusão O modelo derivado da Teoria Ecológica explicou 45% dos hábitos nutricionais, com uma contribuição equivalente das quatro camadas. A presença de alimentos saudáveis no ambiente frequentado pelos alunos e um alto nível de conhecimento sobre nutrição trazem estimulam hábitos nutricionais saudáveis. A venda de alimentos saudáveis na cantina e no refeitório das escolas a presença de cartazes encorajando uma dieta saudável e a inclusão de cursos de nutrição no currículo tornarão mais conveniente aos alunos adotar um comportamento nutricional saudável.

Impact of Mediterranean diet in lowering risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

Introduction and objectives: The prevalence of gestational diabetes is increasing, and the Mediterranean diet is highly recommended for health. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study the presence of GDM is the dependent variable, and socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are the independent variables in this study, which was carried out in pregnant women who were 24–28 weeks pregnant and had Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, weight and height measurements of the pregnant women were made, and the diagnosis of GDM was made with OGTT.ResultsTwo hundred and seven pregnant women participated in the study and 85 of them (41.1%) were diagnosed as GDM. According to Logistic Regression models, age (OR: 1.088, 95% CI: 1.031–1.149) and infertility treatment (OR: 4.570, 95% CI: 1.443–14.474) significantly increased the occurrence of GDM, while adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR: 0.683, 95% CI: 0.568–0.820) significantly reduced the risk.ConclusionsNearly two-fifths of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM while only one-fourth complied with a Mediterranean diet. The increase in the frequency of GDM should be carefully monitored. It may be useful to detect risky pregnant women at the time of the first diagnosis, to measure their glucose levels, and to give suggestions about the Mediterranean diet in the early period. (AU)

Introducción y objetivos: La prevalencia de diabetes gestacional está aumentando y la dieta mediterránea es muy recomendable para la salud. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la relación entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG).Materiales y métodosEn este estudio transversal la presencia de DMG es la variable dependiente, y las características sociodemográficas y antropométricas y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea son las variables independientes de este estudio, que se llevó a cabo en mujeres embarazadas de 24-28semanas de gestación a las que se les realizó el Test de Tolerancia Oral a la Glucosa (TTOG). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se evaluó con la Escala de Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale [MEDAS]). Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas cara a cara, se midió el peso y la talla de las embarazadas y se diagnosticó la DMG con el TTOG.ResultadosUn total de 207 embarazadas participaron en el estudio, y 85 de ellas (41,1%) fueron diagnosticadas de DMG. Según los modelos de regresión logística, la edad (OR: 1,088; IC95%: 1,031-1,149) y el tratamiento de la infertilidad (OR: 4,570; IC95%: 1,443-14,474) aumentaron significativamente la aparición de DMG, mientras que la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (OR: 0,683; IC95%: 0,568-0,820) redujo significativamente el riesgo.ConclusionesCasi dos quintas partes de las embarazadas fueron diagnosticadas de DMG, mientras que solo una cuarta parte cumplían con la dieta mediterránea. Debe vigilarse atentamente el aumento de la frecuencia de la DMG. Puede ser útil detectar a las embarazadas de riesgo en el momento del primer diagnóstico, medir sus niveles de glucosa y dar sugerencias sobre la dieta mediterránea en el periodo inicial. (AU)

Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine administered at two different times on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / Comparação dos efeitos de dexmedetomidina administrada em dois momentos diferentes para lesão de isquemia/reperfusão renal em ratos / Comparación de los efectos de la dexmedetomidina administrada en 2 momentos diferentes para lesión de isquemia-reperfusión renal en ratones

Background and objectives: We investigated the effect of dexmedetomidine on ischemic renal failure in rats. Methods: In the present study, 26 male adult Wistar albino rats weighting 230-300 g were randomly separated into four groups: sham-operated (n = 5), ischemia reperfusion (IR) (IR group, n = 7), IR/reperfusion treatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex. R group, n = 7) and IR/pre-ischemic treatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex. I group, n = 7). In the first group, sham operation was achieved and renal clamps were not applied. For the IR group, renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of the bilateral renal arteries and veins for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. For the Dex. R and Dex. I groups, the same surgical procedure as in the IR group was performed, and dexmedetomidine (100 mcg/kg intraperitoneal) was administrated at the 5th min after reperfusion and before ischemia. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were drawn, the rats were sacrificed, and the left kidney was processed for histopathology. Results: The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in groups Dex. R and Dex. I were significantly lower than in the IR group (p = 0.015, p = 0.043), although urine flow was significantly higher in group Dex. R (p = 0.003). The renal histopathological score in the IR group was significantly higher than in the other groups. There was no significant difference between the Dex. R and Dex. I groups. Conclusions: The results were shown that administration of dexmedetomidine reduced the renal IR injury histomorphologically. Administration of dexmedetomidine in the reperfusion period was considered as more effective due to increase in urinary output and decrease in BUN levels. .

Justificativa e objetivos: Investigar os efeitos de dexmedetomidina sobre a insuficiência renal isquêmica em ratos. Métodos: No presente estudo, 26 ratos machos adultos, albinos Wistar, com peso 230-300 g, foram randomicamente divididos em quatro grupos: pseudo-operado (n = 5), isquemia-reperfusão (grupo IR, n = 7), IR/tratamento de reperfusão com dexmedetomidina (grupo Dex-R, n = 7) e IR/tratamento pré-isquemia com dexmedetomidina (grupo Dex-I, n = 7). No primeiro grupo, uma pseudo-operação foi feita e clampeamentos renais não foram aplicados. No grupo IR, isquemia renal foi induzida por oclusão das artérias e veias renais bilaterais durante 60minutos seguida por reperfusão durante 24horas. Nos grupos Dex-R e Dex-I, o mesmo procedimento cirúrgico destinado ao grupo IR foi feito e dexmedetomidina (100mcg/kg intraperitoneal) foi administrada cinco minutos após a reperfusão e antes da isquemia. No fim da reperfusão, amostras de sangue foram coletadas, os ratos foram sacrificados e os rins esquerdos processado para histologia. Resultados: Os níveis de nitrogênio ureico no sangue (BUN) dos grupos Dex-R e Dex-I estavam significativamente mais baixos do que os do grupo IR (p = 0,015, p = 0,043), embora o fluxo urinário tenha sido significativamente maior no grupo Dex-R (p = 0,003). O escore histopatológico renal do grupo IR foi significativamente maior do que os dos outros grupos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos Dex-R e Dex-I. Conclusões: Os resultados demonstraram que a administração de dexmedetomidina reduziu histomorfologicamente a lesão de IR renal. A administração de dexmedetomidina durante o período de reperfusão foi considerada como mais eficaz por causa do aumento do débito urinário e da diminuição dos níveis de BUN. .

Justificación y objetivos: investigar los efectos de la dexmedetomidina sobre la insuficiencia renal isquémica en ratones. Métodos: en el presente estudio, 26 ratones machos adultos, albinos Wistar, con un peso de 230-300 g fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 4 grupos: seudooperado (n = 5), isquemia-reperfusión (grupo IR, n = 7), IR/tratamiento de reperfusión con dexmedetomidina (grupo Dex-R, n = 7) e IR/tratamiento preisquemia con dexmedetomidina (grupo Dex-I, n = 7). En el primer grupo, se realizó una seudooperación y no se aplicaron pinzamientos renales. En el grupo IR, la isquemia renal fue inducida por oclusión de las arterias y venas renales bilaterales durante 60 min seguida por reperfusión durante 24 h. En los grupos Dex-R y Dex-I, se llevó a cabo el mismo procedimiento quirúrgico destinado al grupo IR, y la dexmedetomidina (100 µg /kg intraperitoneal) fue administrada 5 min después de la reperfusión y antes de la isquemia. Al final de la reperfusión, fueron recogidas muestras de sangre, los ratones fueron sacrificados y el riñón izquierdo procesado para histología. Resultados: los niveles de nitrógeno ureico en la sangre (BUN) de los grupos Dex-R y Dex-I eran significativamente más bajos que los del grupo IR (p = 0,015; p = 0,043), aunque el flujo urinario era significativamente mayor en el grupo Dex-R (p = 0,003). La puntuación histopatológica renal del grupo IR fue significativamente mayor que la de los otros grupos. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos Dex-R y Dex-I. Conclusiones: los resultados demostraron que la administración de dexmedetomidina redujo histomorfológicamente la lesión de IR renal. La administración de dexmedetomidina durante el período de reperfusión fue considerada más eficaz debido al aumento de producción de orina y a la disminución ...