ABSTRACT
This study aimed to develop and rigorously evaluate the Test of Oral Health Literacy in Adults (TOHLA) for the Iranian population, addressing the limitations of existing oral health literacy (OHL) measurement instruments and contributing to the literature on OHL assessment. The development of the TOHLA involved a qualitative approach, which included a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with a panel of 15 experts from diverse fields and 22 Iranian adults aged 18 to 64 years. The instrument was designed with 48 items categorized into four domains: cognitive skill, communication skill, media skill, and functional skill. Content validity was established through expert input and content validation indices. Construct validity was supported by factor analysis, and concurrent validity was assessed by comparing TOHLA scores with demographic variables. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses were performed to assess the instrument's reliability. The psychometric evaluation of the TOHLA demonstrated strong content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The instrument exhibited a high level of internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81 for the entire scale. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.83. Concurrent validity analysis showed statistically significant associations between OHL scores and demographic variables, supporting the instrument's overall performance. The TOHLA overcomes the weaknesses observed in existing instruments and offers a comprehensive tool with strong psychometric properties to assess the OHL of the Iranian adult population. Researchers, policymakers, and healthcare providers can utilize the TOHLA to address oral health challenges and enhance overall oral health outcomes among Iranian adults.
Subject(s)
Health Literacy , Oral Health , Psychometrics , Humans , Adult , Reproducibility of Results , Oral Health/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , Male , Female , Iran , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and socioeconomic and demographic variables, suicidal ideation, self-perception of oral health, and experiences of dental care in the Brazilian adult LGBTIQ+ population. A sample of 464 participants completed self-administered online questionnaires and provided information for OHRQoL assessment, using the OHIP-14 instrument at three hierarchical levels of explanatory variables: LGBTIQ+ identities; socioeconomic and demographic data and existential suffering; and self-perception of oral health and experience of dental care. The collected data were fitted to hierarchical multiple logistic regression models, in which the associations between each independent variable with the OHIP-14 prevalence outcome were analyzed. The OHIP-14-prevalence index showed that 33.2% of the participants answered 'frequently' or 'always', and the highest frequencies were obtained for the psychological discomfort (27.8%), psychological disability (18.3%), and physical pain (17.5%) domains. According to the adjusted final model, LGBTIQ+ individuals who were more likely to have their OHRQoL affected were those who were indifferent (OR=3.21; 95% CI: 1.26-8.20), dissatisfied (OR=10.45; 95% CI: 3.86-28.26), or very dissatisfied (OR=53.93; 95% CI: 12.12-239.93) with their oral health status, and also those who had or have difficulty accessing dental treatment (OR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.24-3.41) (p<0.05). It may be concluded that the OHRQoL of the investigated Brazilian LGBTIQ+ population showed associations with individual aspects and with access to dental services.
Subject(s)
Oral Health , Quality of Life , Self Concept , Socioeconomic Factors , Humans , Quality of Life/psychology , Oral Health/statistics & numerical data , Female , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Dental Care/statistics & numerical data , Dental Care/psychology , Suicidal Ideation , Adolescent , Logistic Models , AgedABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to develop and rigorously evaluate the Test of Oral Health Literacy in Adults (TOHLA) for the Iranian population, addressing the limitations of existing oral health literacy (OHL) measurement instruments and contributing to the literature on OHL assessment. The development of the TOHLA involved a qualitative approach, which included a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with a panel of 15 experts from diverse fields and 22 Iranian adults aged 18 to 64 years. The instrument was designed with 48 items categorized into four domains: cognitive skill, communication skill, media skill, and functional skill. Content validity was established through expert input and content validation indices. Construct validity was supported by factor analysis, and concurrent validity was assessed by comparing TOHLA scores with demographic variables. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses were performed to assess the instrument's reliability. The psychometric evaluation of the TOHLA demonstrated strong content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The instrument exhibited a high level of internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81 for the entire scale. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.83. Concurrent validity analysis showed statistically significant associations between OHL scores and demographic variables, supporting the instrument's overall performance. The TOHLA overcomes the weaknesses observed in existing instruments and offers a comprehensive tool with strong psychometric properties to assess the OHL of the Iranian adult population. Researchers, policymakers, and healthcare providers can utilize the TOHLA to address oral health challenges and enhance overall oral health outcomes among Iranian adults.
ABSTRACT
Resumo O presente estudo, um ensaio teórico, teve como objetivo analisar o papel e o potencial da cavidade bucal junto à pluralidade corpórea das identidades LGBTQIA+. Para tal, guiado por um percurso dialético, dois percursos bucais foram discernidos: um disciplinarizado pelos preceitos de uma hegemonia cristã, machista e cissexista; e o outro sob caráter de superação, questionando a unicidade da cisheteronorma. Por fim, com base nas premissas apresentadas, o território bucal, a partir de então, torna-se um possível caminho para se compreender o percurso histórico-social das identidades LGBTQIA+ - afinal, boca é corpo, e como todas as demais formas da corporeidade, guia-se pelas normatizações socialmente construídas com as quais tecemos nossa existência.
Abstract This study, a theoretical essay, aimed to analyze the role and potential of the oral cavity in the corporeal plurality of LGBTQIA+ identities. Thus, dialectically guided, two oral pathways were evidenced: the first disciplined by the precepts of a Christian, sexist, and cissexist hegemony; the other questioning the unison character of cisheteronormativity. Finally, based on the premises presented, the oral territory, from then on, becomes a possible way to understand the historical-social path of LGBTQIA+ identities - after all, the mouth is body, like all other forms of corporeality, guided by socially constructed norms which we weave our existence.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and socioeconomic and demographic variables, suicidal ideation, self-perception of oral health, and experiences of dental care in the Brazilian adult LGBTIQ+ population. A sample of 464 participants completed self-administered online questionnaires and provided information for OHRQoL assessment, using the OHIP-14 instrument at three hierarchical levels of explanatory variables: LGBTIQ+ identities; socioeconomic and demographic data and existential suffering; and self-perception of oral health and experience of dental care. The collected data were fitted to hierarchical multiple logistic regression models, in which the associations between each independent variable with the OHIP-14 prevalence outcome were analyzed. The OHIP-14-prevalence index showed that 33.2% of the participants answered 'frequently' or 'always', and the highest frequencies were obtained for the psychological discomfort (27.8%), psychological disability (18.3%), and physical pain (17.5%) domains. According to the adjusted final model, LGBTIQ+ individuals who were more likely to have their OHRQoL affected were those who were indifferent (OR=3.21; 95% CI: 1.26-8.20), dissatisfied (OR=10.45; 95% CI: 3.86-28.26), or very dissatisfied (OR=53.93; 95% CI: 12.12-239.93) with their oral health status, and also those who had or have difficulty accessing dental treatment (OR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.24-3.41) (p<0.05). It may be concluded that the OHRQoL of the investigated Brazilian LGBTIQ+ population showed associations with individual aspects and with access to dental services.
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Objetivo: analisar os dados de normatização dos escores da versão brasileira do instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale (eHeals) para avaliação do letramento digital em saúde. Método: estudo transversal com 502 adultos brasileiros, realizado em 2019. Dados coletados pelo instrumento eHeals e questionário sociodemográfico. Foram aplicadas árvores de decisão e análise discriminante. Estudo aprovado pelo Comite de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a análise discriminante determinou as faixas de classificação do eHeals a partir da distribuição dos escores. A árvore de decisão indicou que a escolaridade afetou de forma relevante os resultados da escala. Os indivíduos com escolaridade até o ensino fundamental II incompleto: baixo (até 10), médio (11 a 25), alto (27 a 40), e escolaridade acima: baixo (até 25), médio (25 a 32) e alto LDS (33 a 40). Conclusão: a classificação dos níveis de letramento digital em saúde de adultos pelo eHeals deve ser controlada pelos níveis de escolaridade dos participantes(AU)
Objective: to analyze the normative data of the scores of the Brazilian version of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHeals) instrument for assessing digital health literacy. Method: cross-sectional study with 502 Brazilian adults in 2019. Data collected using the eHeals instrument and sociodemographic questionnaire. Decision trees and discriminant analysis were applied. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: Discriminant analysis determined the eHeals classification ranges based on the distribution of scores. The decision tree indicated that education significantly affected the scale results. Thus, individuals with incomplete elementary school education up to II: low (up to 10), medium (11 to 25), high (27 to 40), and higher education: low (up to 25), medium (25 to 32) and high LDS (33 to 40). Conclusion: the classification of digital health literacy levels using eHeals in adults should be controlled by the participants' education levels(AU)
Objetivo: analizar los datos de estandarización de las puntuaciones de la versión brasileña del instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale (eHeals) para evaluar la alfabetización digital en salud. Método: estudio transversal con 502 adultos brasileños que tuvo lugar en 2019. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante el instrumento eHeals y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se aplicaron árboles de decisión y análisis discriminante. El Comité de Ética en Investigación aprobó el estudio. Resultados: El análisis discriminante determinó los rangos de clasificación de eHeals con base en la distribución de puntuaciones. El árbol de decisión indicó que la educación afectó significativamente los resultados de la escala. Individuos con educación primaria incompleta: baja (hasta 10), media (11 a 25), alta (27 a 40), y educación superior a esa mencionada: baja (hasta 25), media (25 a 32) y alto LDS (33 a 40). Conclusión: la clasificación de los niveles de alfabetización en salud digital en adultos con eHeals debe ser controlada por los niveles de educación de los participantes(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Health Literacy , Brazil , Decision Trees , Discriminant Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Validation StudyABSTRACT
Aim To analyze associations between sociodemographic factors, self-perception, self-care practices in health with Oral Health Literacy (OHL) levels among users of Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods A cross-sectional and analytical study was performed in Piracicaba (São Paulo), Brazil, in 2018, with a convenience sample of users of PHC that were aged over 18 years. Data were collected with a questionnaire by a trained dentist in two Family Health Units. The outcome variable was OHL, measured by the OHLA-B instrument, which was dichotomized by median into low (≤8 point) and high (>8 point). The independent variables were sociodemographic conditions (age, sex, self-declared skin color, and education), self-perceived oral health and self-care practices in health (tooth brushing frequency, smoking habits, reason for the last visit to the dentist, and source of health information search). Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed between OHL and independent variables for multiple logistic regression model (p≤0.05). Results The sample consisted of 450 adults. A total of 54.7% had a low OHL. After adjusting for sex and age, OHL was associated with skin color (OR=0.57; 95%CI=0.37-085), educational level (OR=4.92; 95%CI=3.16-7.79), health information from health professionals (OR=2.40; 95%CI=1.42-4.16) and internet (OR=2.88; 95%CI=1.59-5.32), toothbrushing >1 time a day (OR=3.23; 95%CI=1.27-9.92) and smokers (OR=0.42; 95%CI=0.23-0.73). After adjusting for sex, age and income, OHL was associated with (OR=0.63; 95%CI=0.41-096), educational level (OR=4.06; 95%CI=2.57-6.51) and smokers (OR=0.48; 95%CI=0.26-0.84). Conclusions Low OHL was associated with socioeconomic factors, source of information and smoking. This fact highlights the importance of health professionals to promote OHL.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Oral Hygiene , Primary Health Care , Self Concept , Oral Health , Health Literacy , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate associations of health literacy (HL), general self-efficacy (GSE), and sociodemographic variables with non-adherence to dental treatment among Brazilian young adults. This is a cross-sectional study based on a cohort study of 248 young adults aged 19 to 25 years followed up in an earlier study. The participants completed the perceived general self-efficacy scale (GSE), a questionnaire on socioeconomic and demographic variables and were examined for oral conditions. HL was measured using the Brazilian version of the health literacy questionnaire (HLQ-Br), which provides nine individual scores based on an average of the items within each of the nine scales. Dental treatment adherence was evaluated as the decision of young adults to seek a dentist to finish the recommended restorative treatment for dental caries. The effects of HL domains on the adherence to dental treatment were analyzed by logistic regression and the effect was adjusted for sex, age, family income, paternal and maternal education, type of housing, and self-efficacy. The results of the adjusted analysis showed associations among young adults who did not adhere to dental treatment with lower self-efficacy levels, living in non-owner-occupied homes, and lower HL levels in almost all of the HL domains (p < 0.05). Only the HLQ6 domain "Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers" was not associated with the outcome (p>0.05). Adherence to dental treatment in primary care among young adults was associated with their general self-efficacy levels, socioeconomic characteristics, and individual's lower HL aspects.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução A Autopercepção da Saúde Bucal (ASB) é uma importante variável subjetiva associada à procura por serviços odontológicos e determinada por diversos fatores. Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar associações entre a ASB, o Letramento em Saúde Bucal (LSB) e covariáveis, em usuários da Atenção Básica. Método A amostra foi composta por 366 adultos e idosos, moradores em territórios adscritos a uma unidade de equipe de Saúde da Família (eSF) do município de Piracicaba, que procuraram por tratamento odontológico no ano de 2019 e que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Aplicou-se o instrumento Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) para avaliação do LSB, bem como um questionário para investigar características sociodemográficas e da ASB. Ademais, exames intrabucais foram realizados. Realizaram-se análises de regressões logísticas simples e múltipla, para se avaliar o nível de associação entre a variável ASB e as variáveis preditoras. Resultados Pacientes com menor escore de LSB, pior Autopercepção da Saúde Geral e com mais de um dente perdido tiveram, respectivamente, 2,73 (IC95%: 1,62-4,61), 14,24 (IC95%: 7,41-27,38) e 2,93 (IC95%: 1,76-4,89) vezes mais chance de apresentar pior ASB (p<0,05). Conclusão A ASB é um constructo associado a diversas variáveis não clínicas, incluindo o LSB.
Abstract Background The Self-Rated Oral Health (SROH) is an important subjective variable associated with the demand for dental services and determined by several factors. Objective The objective of this work was to investigate associations between SROH, Oral Health Literacy (OHL) and covariates in Primary Care users. Method The sample consisted of 366 adults and elderly living in territories assigned to a Family Health team unit in the municipality of Piracicaba who sought dental treatment in 2019 and who agreed to participate in the research. The Health Literacy in Dentistry instrument (HeLD-14) was applied to assess OHL, as well as a questionnaire to investigate sociodemographic and SROH characteristics. In addition, clinical dental examinations were performed. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyzes were performed to assess the level of association between the SROH variable and the predictor variables. Results Patients with lower OHL score, worse Self-Rated Health and with more than one missing tooth had, respectively, 2.73 (95% CI: 1.62-4.61), 14.24 (95% CI: 7.41-27.38) and 2.93 (95% CI: 1.76-4.89) times more likely to have worse SROH (p <0.05). Conclusion The SROH is a construct associated with several non-clinical variables, including OHL.
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Objetivo: Para orientar esse planejamento objetivou-se avaliar a cobertura e caracterizar o perfil de assistência odontológica na Atenção Primária (AP) da XIV Diretoria Regional de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo (XIV DRS). Métodos: Utilizou-se dados secundários de acesso público do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB), do sistema e-Gestor do Ministério da Saúde e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Foram analisados dados entre 2015-19 dos 20 municípios da XIV DRS quanto à população, cobertura populacional de saúde bucal na AP, indicador de primeira consulta, tipo e quantidade de procedimentos odontológicos realizados e indicador de razão de exodontias em relação aos procedimentos odontológicos individuais. Os mapas evolutivos foram produzidos pela ferramenta Qlik Sense®. As análises descritivas e exploratórias foram realizadas por médias, desvios padrão e quartis, e comparações entre os anos foram realizadas pelos testes não paramétricos de Friedman e Nemenyi. As análises foram realizadas no programa R, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados:Não houve variação significativa da cobertura. Houve aumento no número de procedimentos odontológicos e preventivos realizados e diminuição da proporção de exodontias com relação aos procedimentos individuais. Observou-se aumento no indicador de primeira consulta, estabilizando a partir de 2017. Existe grande variabilidade entre os municípios quanto à cobertura e indicadores de acesso. Conclusão: A XIV DRS apresentou resultados ainda distantes dos preconizados pela Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal, não sendo suficientes para uma mudança no perfil de assistência odontológica da região, pautado na prevenção e promoção da saúde.
Aim: To guide this planning, the aim was to assess the coverage and characterize the profile of dental care in Primary Care of the XIV Regional Board of Health of the State of São Paulo (XIV DRS). Methods: Accessible data were collected publicly from the Health Information System for Primary Care, from the e-Gestor Ministry of Health's System and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). From the period of 2015 to 2019, data from the 20 municipalities of the XIV DRS were analyzed regarding: population, population coverage of oral health in primary care, indicator of first dental appointment, type and number of dental procedures performed, and indicator of tooth extraction in relation to total number of individual dental procedures. The Qlik Sense® tool produced the evolutionary maps. Descriptive and exploratory analyses were performed by means, standard deviations, and quartiles, and the comparisons between years were performed by applying the nonparametric tests of Friedman and Nemenyi. Analyses were performed using the R program, considering a 5% significance level. Results: No significant variation in population coverage was observed. This study showed an increase in the number of dental and preventive procedures performed and a decrease in the proportion of tooth extractions in relation to individual procedures. An increase in the indicator of first dental appointment was identified, stabilizing from 2017 onwards. A large variability was found among municipalities in the region. Conclusion: The XIV DRS presented results that are quite different from those recommended by the National Oral Health Policy, but they were not sufficient enough to change the region's dental care profile, based on prevention and health promotion.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Oral Health , Dental Care , Universal Access to Health Care ServicesABSTRACT
Objetivo: avaliar associações entre fatores sociodemográficos, sociais e bucais e reprovação escolar entre adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico realizado com 251 adolescentes, entre 14 e 18 anos, provenientes de cinco escolas estaduais do município de Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil. A variável desfecho avaliada foi a reprovação escolar e as variáveis independentes incluíram fatores sociodemográficos e bucais. Para se avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, realizou-se regressão logística simples e múltipla, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p≤0,05, após o ajuste para as demais variáveis. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (61,8%), com idade até 16 anos (58,6%), tinham mais que um irmão (60,2%) e o grau de instrução dos chefes das famílias era acima de oito anos (71,3%). A reprovação escolar foi relatada por 12,7% dos adolescentes. No modelo ajustado final, verificou-se que a reprovação escolar permaneceu associada aos adolescentes que apresentavam mais de um irmão (OR = 3,79: IC 95%: 1,34-10,73), que foram ao dentista na última vez por motivo de dor (OR = 3,00: IC 95%: 1,26-7,15) e com autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal (OR = 5,50: IC9 5%: 2,10-14,36). Conclusão: Fatores sociodemográficos e bucais estiveram associados com a reprovação escolar em adolescentes. Nesse contexto, recomenda-se a continuidade das ações e políticas públicas intersetoriais entre os setores de educação e saúde para a melhoria da saúde bucal dos escolares, a qual apresenta associações com o rendimento acadêmico.
Aim: to evaluate the association between sociodemographic, social and oral factors, and school failure among adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study carried out with 251 adolescents, between 14 and 18 years of age, from five state schools in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. This work evaluated the outcome variable of school failure, and the independent variables included sociodemographic, social, and oral factors. To assess the association between the variables, simple and multiple logistic regressions were performed, with the variables presenting p≤0.05 remaining in the final model after adjustments for the other variables. Results: Most participants were female (61.8%), up to 16 years of age (58.6%), who had more than one sibling (60.2%), and whose level of education of the heads of the household was over eight years (71.3%). School failure was reported by 12.7% of the adolescents. In the final adjusted model, school failure remained associated with adolescents who had more than one sibling (OR = 3.79: 95% CI: 1.34-10.73), who went to the dentist the last time due to pain (OR = 3.00: 95% CI: 1.26-7.15) and a negative oral health self-assessment (OR = 5.50: 95% CI: 2.10-14.36). Conclusion: Sociodemographic and oral factors were associated with school failure in adolescents. In this context, it is recommended to continue intersectoral actions and public policies between education and health to improve the oral health of schoolchildren and, consequently, their academic performance.
Subject(s)
Underachievement , Oral Health , Adolescent , Education , Academic FailureABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the association between Oral Health Literacy (OHL) and dental outcomes. A sample of 920 adults above 18 years of age living in areas covered by 10 Family Health Units (FHUs) in a large city in São Paulo state, Brazil, was included. OHL was assessed using the short-form Health Literacy in Dentistry Scale (HeLD-14). Data on sociodemographic factors, oral health, and general health were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The investigated outcomes "tooth loss" and "reason for the last dental appointment" were evaluated using self-reported data. Simple logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between each independent factor and outcomes. Factors that presented a significance level of ≤0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in the hierarchical multiple logistic regression models. Participants with an education level up to high school, low OHL, and poor/fair self-rated oral health had 1.35 (95%CI, 1.01-1.80), 1.48 (95%CI, 1.12-1.95), and 1.46 (95%CI, 1.11-1.92) times more probability to report missing teeth, respectively. Adults from families with lower monthly income, low OHL, and poor/fair self-rated oral health had 1.70 (95%CI, 1.29-2.26), 1.89 (95%CI, 1.42-2.51), and 1.73 (95%CI, 1.30-2.30) times more chance, respectively, to have gone to the last dental appointment due to pain or caries. Adults with low OHL levels are more likely to have missing teeth and have gone to the last dental visit for pain, reinforcing the importance of OHL as an important determinant for promoting oral health.
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Resumo Esta pesquisa traz em seu escopo a análise do potencial estigmatizador do conteúdo de estudos direcionados à população LGBTQIA+ indexados na plataforma PubMed. Por meio de uma ampla e sistemática pesquisa bibliográfica foram identificados e incluídos, respectivamente, 821 e 334 (40,68%) artigos, dos quais foram extraídos 1838 descritores. Da análise dos dados coletados foram identificados as maiores prevalências dos descritores "men having sex with man" (192 repetições) e "HIV" (98 repetições). Sendo assim, o percurso analítico das informações levantadas refletiu que a população LGBTQIA+ é essencialmente designada como "homens que fazem sexo com outros homens e soropositivos". Este estudo traz, portanto, a presença de características estigmatizantes nos estudos direcionados à população LGBTQIA+. Contudo, cabe destacar que o resultado encontrado é subsídio para o fortalecimento de uma perspectiva crítica de um fazer científico mais humanizado e direcionado às especificidades e necessidades da população LGBTQIA+.
Abstract This study analyzes the stigmatizing potential of studies on the LGBTQIA+ population indexed on the PubMED database. By a broad and systematic bibliographic search, 821 publications were found and 334 (40.68%) were included in this study. From these, 1838 keywords were extracted. Data analysis showed that the keywords "men who have sex with man" (192 repetitions) and "HIV" (98 repetitions) had the highest prevalence. Thus, according to the analysis, the LGBTQIA+ population is essentially described as "men who have sex with other men" and "HIV positive." This study unveils the presence of stigmatizing characteristics in studies on the LGBTQIA+ population. However, such findings can help strengthen the critical perspective of a more humanized scientific practice, actually concerned with the specificities and needs of the LGBTQIA+ population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prejudice , Subject Headings , Scientific Publication Indicators , Social Stigma , Sexual and Gender MinoritiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To translate and adapt the eHealth Literacy Scale for the cultural reality of Brazil and to evaluate the psychometric properties of its Brazilian Portuguese version. Methods: The instrument was translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and applied to a sample of 502 individuals from 18 to 80 years old who lived in the surrounding areas of six Family Health Units of a city in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory, and instrument reliability measures (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega). Results: The eHealth Literacy Scale - Brazilian version (eHEALS-Br) presented an excellent internal consistency (α = 0.95 e ω = 0.95), with only one dimension and an explained variation of 81.79%. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the instrument showed excellent psychometric properties to measure the levels of digital health literacy in adults from the country.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar la eHealth Literacy Scale a realidad cultural Brasileña y evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas de la versión en portugués brasileño. Métodos: El instrumento fue traducido y adaptado al portugués brasileño y, en seguida, aplicado en una muestra de 502 individuos entre 18 y 80 años residentes en áreas cercas a seis Unidades de Salud de la Familia de un municipio del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante análisis factorial exploratoria y confirmatoria, Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem y confiabilidad del instrumento (alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald). Resultados: El instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale - versión brasileña (eHEALS-Br) presentó excelente consistencia interna (α = 0,95 y ω = 0,95), apenas una dimensión y variancia explicada de 81,79%. Conclusiones: La versión brasileña del instrumento mostró excelentes propiedades psicométricas para contraste de los niveles de alfabetización digital en salud en adultos del nuestro país.
RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar a eHealth Literacy Scale para a realidade cultural do Brasil e avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas da versão em português brasileiro. Métodos: O instrumento foi traduzido e adaptado ao português brasileiro e, em seguida, aplicado em uma amostra de 502 indivíduos entre 18 e 80 anos residentes em áreas circunvizinhas a seis Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram avaliados mediante análises fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, Teoria de Resposta ao Item e confiabilidade do instrumento (alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald). Resultados: O instrumento eHealth Literacy Scale - versão brasileira (eHEALS-Br) apresentou excelente consistência interna (α = 0,95 e ω = 0,95), apenas uma dimensão e variância explicada de 81,79%. Conclusões: A versão brasileira do instrumento mostrou excelentes propriedades psicométricas para aferição dos níveis de letramento digital em saúde em adultos do nosso país.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to investigate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the health literacy questionnaire European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short-short form (HLS-EU-Q6) in Brazilian adults. Method: the instrument was translated and pre-tested in a sample of 50 individuals. Subsequently, it was applied to a sample of 783 adult individuals. The data went through an appropriate process of testing the properties, with the combination of techniques of Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Item Response Theory. For the assessment of reliability, the Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega indicators were used. Cross-validation with full data analysis was applied. Results: the majority of the participants was female (68.1%), with a mean age of 38.6 (sd=14.5) years old and 33.5% studied up to elementary school. The results indicated a unidimensional model with an explained variance of 71.23%, adequate factor load levels, commonality and item discrimination, as well as stability and replicability of the instrument to other populations. Conclusion: the Brazilian version of HLS-EU-Q6 indicated that the instrument is suitable for indiscriminate application in the population to which it is intended to assess health literacy levels.
Objetivo: investigar as propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada ao português do Brasil do questionário de letramento em saúde European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short-short form (HLS-EU-Q6) em adultos brasileiros. Método: o instrumento foi traduzido e pré-testado em uma amostra de 50 indivíduos. Em seguida, ele foi aplicado em uma amostra com 783 indivíduos adultos. Os dados passaram por um processo adequado de testagem das propriedades, com a combinação de técnicas da Análise Fatorial Exploratória, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Para a avaliação da confiabilidade, foram utilizados os indicadores de alfa de Cronbach e o Ômega de McDonald. Foi aplicada a validação cruzada com análise integral dos dados. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (68,1%), com idade média de 38,6 (dp=14,5) anos e 33,5% estudaram até o ensino fundamental. Os resultados indicaram um modelo unidimensional com variância explicada de 71,23%, níveis de cargas fatoriais, comunalidades e discriminação do item adequados, bem como estabilidade e a replicabilidade do instrumento para outras populações. Conclusão: a versão brasileira do HLS-EU-Q6 indicou que o instrumento está adequado para aplicação de forma indiscriminada na população a que se destina para aferir os níveis de letramento em saúde.
Objetivo: investigar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en portugués brasileño del cuestionario de alfabetización en salud European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short-short form (HLS-EU-Q6) en adultos brasileños. Método: el instrumento fue traducido y probado primero en una muestra de 50 individuos. Luego, se aplicó a una muestra de 783 individuos adultos. Los datos pasaron por un proceso adecuado de prueba de las propiedades, con la combinación de técnicas de Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio y Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Para evaluar la confiabilidad se utilizaron los indicadores alfa de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald's. Se aplicó validación cruzada con análisis de datos completo. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes era de sexo femenino (68,1%), con una edad media de 38,6 (dt = 14,5) años y el 33,5% cursó hasta la educación primaria. Los resultados indicaron un modelo unidimensional con una varianza explicada de 71,23%, niveles adecuados de carga factorial, comunalidades y discriminación de ítems, así como estabilidad y replicabilidad del instrumento a otras poblaciones. Conclusión: la versión brasileña de HLS-EU-Q6 indicó que el instrumento es apto para su aplicación indiscriminada en la población a la que se destina para evaluar los niveles de alfabetización en salud.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Psychometrics , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Validation Study , Health LiteracyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar as repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 nos procedimentos realizados por um serviço público odontológico de urgência (SPOU). Métodos: Estudo transversal, utilizando-se dados do SPOU de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, relativos a dois períodos, anterior (fevereiro e março de 2020) e durante a pandemia (março e abril de 2020). Diferenças no perfil de atendimentos, entre os períodos pré-COVID-19 e COVID-19 selecionados, de acordo com sexo, idade e procedimentos odontológicos, foram analisadas pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Também foi calculado o tamanho do efeito Cramer's V. Resultados: Houve redução de 51% no número de atendimentos, entre o período anterior (n=824) e o período da pandemia de COVID-19 observado (n=404). O percentual de exodontias reduziu-se, de 14,7 para 8,9%, enquanto o de selamento provisório de cavidades aumentou de 22,9 para 33,2%, entre ambos períodos. Conclusão: A pandemia de COVID-19 repercutiu na quantidade e no padrão de procedimentos realizados pelo serviço odontológico de urgência do município.
Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en los procedimientos realizados por un servicio de odontología pública de emergencia (SOPE). Métodos: Estudio transversal, utilizando datos del SOPE de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, para los períodos anteriores (febrero y marzo 2020) y durante la pandemia (marzo y abril 2020). Las diferencias en el perfil de atención entre los períodos Pre-COVID-19 y COVID-19, según sexo, edad y procedimientos dentales, se analizaron mediante la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. También se calculó el tamaño del efecto de Cramer V. Resultados: Hubo una reducción del 51% en el número de visitas entre el período anterior (n=824) y el período de la pandemia de COVID-19 (n=404). El porcentaje de extracciones se redujo del 14,7% al 8,9%, mientras que el porcentaje de sellado provisional de cavidades aumentó del 22,9% al 33,2%, entre estos períodos. Conclusión: La pandemia de COVID-19 afectó la cantidad y patrón de procedimientos realizados en el servicio de odontología de emergencia de la ciudad.
Objective: To evaluate the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on procedures performed by a public urgent dental care service (PUDS). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, using data from the PUDS in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, prior to the pandemic (February-March 2020) and during the pandemic (March-April 2020). Differences in the care profile between the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID-19 period, according to sex, age and dental procedures were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Effect size was also measured using Cramer's V. Results: There was a 51% reduction in the number of visits between the pre-COVID-19 period (n=824) and the COVID-19 period (n=404). The percentage of extractions reduced from 14.7% to 8.9%, while the percentage of temporary cavity fillings increased from 22.9% to 33.2%, between the two periods. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had repercussions on the amount and pattern of procedures performed at the city's urgent dental care service.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Care/organization & administration , Dental Care/trends , Infection Control, Dental , Unified Health System , Brazil , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To test possible associations between Oral Health Literacy (OHL) level and socioeconomic covariates among users of Centers for Dental Specialties (CEOs). Material and Methods: The Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) instrument was applied to 130 adult users of CEOs located in 13 municipalities in the state of São Paulo - Brazil, as well as socioeconomic issues. The researcher applied instruments in a specific room after randomly selecting individuals in the waiting room and invitation acceptance. Each item was ranked on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4, in which high scores indicate minimal difficulties in performing functions (high OHL) and low scores indicate very limited abilities to perform functions (low OHL). Statistical analysis using the Levene test was used to verify the possibility of using the one-way ANOVA test, and in case results show positive values (p>0.05), the Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results: The average age of participants was 45 years, with more than half being female (68.7%) with 9-11 years of schooling (48.4%). When considering the total value of HeLD-14 questions, OHL was associated with covariates schooling, marital status and family income. Conclusion: OHL levels were associated with socioeconomic variables, contributing to evidence in this field of specialized care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Social Class , Oral Health , Patient Education as Topic , Dental Clinics , Health Literacy , Secondary Care , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo: Validar o instrumento de avaliação do letramento em saúde Health Literacy Questionnaire para o português brasileiro. Métodos: Para a adaptação transcultural e validação das propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ-Br), foi utilizado o protocolo estabelecido pelos autores do instrumento original. O HLQ-Br foi respondido por 794 adultos de três regiões do Brasil. A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória foi realizada por meio do Diagonally Weighted Least Squares e a confiabilidade foi verificada pelos indicadores alfa de Cronbach e confiabilidade composta. Resultados: A avaliação cognitiva do HLQ-Br mostrou que os itens do instrumento foram facilmente compreendidos pelos participantes. A análise confirmatória apresentou índices de ajuste satisfatórios: χ2WLSMV (866 GL) = 1698,53, p<0,0001; CFI = 0,978; TLI = 0,976 e RMSEA = 0,035 [0,032; 0,037, IC de 90%]. O alfa de Cronbach e confiabilidade composta foram >0,76 em oito das nove escalas do instrumento. Conclusão: O HLQ-Br apresentou equivalência com a versão original e propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias. Pode ser aplicado para avaliar o letramento em saúde da população brasileira na prática clínica, ensino e pesquisa. O uso do HLQ-Br nas práticas de saúde pode auxiliar a incorporar o letramento em saúde nas práticas de saúde no Brasil.
Resumen Objetivo: Validar el instrumento de evaluación del nivel de conocimientos en salud Health Literacy Questionnaire al portugués brasileño. Métodos: Para la adaptación transcultural y validación de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ-Br), se utilizó el protocolo establecido por los autores del instrumento original. El HLQ-Br fue respondido por 794 adultos de tres regiones de Brasil. El análisis factorial confirmatorio fue realizado mediante el Diagonally Weighted Least Squares y la fiabilidad fue verificada por el indicador alfa de Cronbach y fiabilidad compuesta. Resultados: La evaluación cognitiva del HLQ-Br demostró que los ítems del instrumento fueron fácilmente comprendidos por los participantes. El análisis confirmatorio presentó índices de ajustes satisfactorios: χ2WLSMV (866 GL) = 1698,53, p<0,0001; CFI = 0,978; TLI = 0,976 y RMSEA = 0,035 [0,032; 0,037, IC de 90%]. El alfa de Cronbach y la fiabilidad compuesta fueron >0,76 en ocho de las nueve escalas del instrumento. Conclusión: El HLQ-Br presentó equivalencia con la versión original y propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias. Puede aplicarse para evaluar el nivel de conocimientos en salud de la población brasileña en la práctica clínica, educación e investigación. El uso del HLQ-Br en las prácticas de salud puede ayudar a incorporar la instrucción en salud en las prácticas sanitarias en Brasil.
Abstract Objective: To validate the health literacy assessment instrument Health Literacy Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: We used the protocol established by the original authors of the instrument for transcultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ-Br). The HLQ-Br was answered by 794 adults from three regions of Brazil. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed by means of the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares and reliability was verified by Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability indicators. Results: Cognitive evaluation of the HLQ-Br showed that the items of the instrument were easily understood by the participants. The confirmatory analysis presented satisfactory fit indices: χ2WLSMV (866 df) = 1698.53, p <0.0001; CFI = 0.978; TLI = 0.976, and RMSEA = 0.035 [0.032; 0.037, 90%CI]. Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability > 0.76 on eight of the nine scales of the instrument. Conclusion: The HLQ-Br presented equivalence to the original version and satisfactory psychometric properties. It can be applied in the evaluation of Brazilian population HL in clinical practice, teaching and research. The use of HLQ-Br in health practices can aid in the incorporation of health literacy into health care practices in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Psychometrics , Translating , Validation Study , Health LiteracyABSTRACT
Abstract Food insecurity is a complex phenomenon that affects the health and wellbeing of vulnerable families. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between household food insecurity, dental caries, oral health-related quality of life, and social determinants of health among Indigenous adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Kaingang adults aged 35-44 years old from the Guarita Indigenous Land, Brazil. Food insecurity was assessed through the EBIA scale. Dental caries was assessed using the DMFT index. Participants answered the OHIP-14 questionnaire and a structured interview. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes using Poisson regression models were performed. The final sample included 107 adults from 97 households. Approximately 95% lived in food insecure families. Severe food insecurity was present in 58% of the households. The phenomenon was associated to the Bolsa Família benefit, household size, and greater perception of oral health impacts on quality of life. The high number of families affected by food insecurity reveals the social vulnerability of the Kaingang people. Food insecurity in Kaingangs adults is associated to oral health perception and social determinants of health.
Resumo Insegurança alimentar é um fenômeno complexo que afeta a saúde e o bem-estar de famílias vulneráveis. Este estudo objetivou investigar a relação entre insegurança alimentar domiciliar, cárie dentária, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, e determinantes sociais de saúde entre indígenas adultos. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com adultos Kaingang entre 35-44 anos da Terra Indígena Guarita, Brasil. Insegurança alimentar foi avaliada pela escala EBIA. Cárie dentária foi avaliada pelo índice CPOD. Participantes responderam o questionário OHIP-14 e uma entrevista estruturada. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e multivariadas usando modelos de regressão de Poisson. A amostra incluiu 107 adultos Kaingang de 97 domicílios. Aproximadamente 95% dos participantes viviam em famílias com insegurança alimentar. Insegurança alimentar grave esteve presente em 58% dos domicílios. O fenômeno foi associado ao Bolsa Família, densidade familiar e percepção dos impactos da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. O alto número de famílias afetadas pela insegurança alimentar revela a vulnerabilidade social do povo Kaingang. Insegurança alimentar em adultos Kaingang está associada à percepção da saúde bucal e determinantes sociais da saúde.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Quality of Life , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Food Supply , Food InsecurityABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of implementation intentions as an intervention strategy to promote walking in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We conducted a controlled and randomized trial, with 12 months of follow-up, involving 65 people with T2DM recruited from primary health care units and allocated them in the control group (CG, n = 32) and intervention group (IG, n = 33). The IG received the implementation intention strategy to promote walking and the CG remained in follow-up for conventional treatment in primary health care. The researchers were blinded by anthropometric measurements and the filling of the instruments. RESULTS After twelve months of follow up, the IG presented a statistically significant increase in the leisure time physical activity when compared with the CG (p = 0.0413) and showed a significant decrease in waist circumference (p = 0.0061). No significant difference was observed regarding body mass index and glycated hemoglobin among groups. CONCLUSIONS Implementation intention was effective in promoting walking and improving clinical indicators in adults with T2DM.