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1.
J Oral Rehabil ; 49(12): 1181-1187, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36103606

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The orbicularis oris muscle is extremely important to performing various oral functions, including mastication, swallowing and speech. Infrared thermography is a non-invasive painless technique that does not require either contrast or ionisation. It has been increasingly used in speech-language-hearing therapy in the last years. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to propose a thermographic analysis method for the orbicularis oris muscle. METHODS: This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. The area of the orbicularis oris muscle was defined based on its anatomy with thermographic images of 11 children and 13 adults. Then, this area was divided into four quadrants, each of which was analysed considering four different shapes: a triangle; a rectangle; a triangle with a rounded side, including the vermilion zone; and a customised shape encompassing only the region of the orbicularis oris muscle, not including the vermilion zone. Data were collected and analysed with the coefficient of variation and interrater agreement. RESULTS: Data variability for the four shapes had similar dispersions per region of the orbicularis oris muscle, in both maximum and mean temperatures and in both children and adults. The rectangle was the shape with the lowest coefficient of variation in more regions of both adults and children. Interrater agreement was excellent for all shapes, in both children and adults. CONCLUSION: Currently, the best way to analyse the orbicularis oris muscle's quadrants is to use the maximum temperature and the rectangle, based on an initial ellipsis encompassing the whole muscle.


Subject(s)
Facial Muscles , Thermography , Adult , Child , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Facial Muscles/physiology , Lip , Deglutition , Observational Studies as Topic
2.
J Oral Rehabil ; 47(7): 872-879, 2020 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32080882

ABSTRACT

Oral motor exercises, for recovering tongue strength, can be integrated with computer games to increase motivation, especially for treatments in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tongue strength on motor performance in computer games reliant on lingual force generation. An observational study was carried out at a speech-language pathology outpatient university clinic. Twenty participants (10 with normal tongue strength and 10 with reduced tongue strength) aged 8-13 years used an intra-oral joystick controlled by the tongue to play six computer games during which they had to reach targets that appeared on the screen. Motor performance was measured by the number of attempts to score and the time during which the target force was maintained. Tongue motor performance was compared between groups and across directions of tongue movement, resistance force levels, order of target appearance, continuous force application time on the target, age and sex. Children with normal tongue strength had a lower number of attempts to score (P = .014) and maintained the target force for longer periods (P = .002) than those with reduced tongue strength. The performance was better for both groups (a) in the downward direction compared with the performance in other directions, (b) in games with the lowest resistive force level (0.5 N) compared to those with other levels of resistive force and (c) in the second and third rounds compared with the first round. There were no gender-related differences in performance. Older participants performed better than younger participants. Tongue strength, direction of movement, force to reach the target, time of continuous force application, order of target appearance and age influenced tongue motor performance.


Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy , Tongue , Video Games , Adolescent , Child , Exercise , Humans , Movement , Muscle Strength
3.
J Oral Rehabil ; 46(6): 518-525, 2019 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30725489

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lingual exercises are commonly used in clinical practice for swallowing rehabilitation. Associating lingual exercises with computer games increases motivation, which influences tongue motor performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of tongue movement direction; resistance force level; repetition number; sustained tongue contraction duration; age and gender on tongue motor performance in healthy adults using computer games. METHODS: An observational pilot study was carried out at a university laboratory. Nine healthy adults, aged 22 to 38 years, used an intra-oral joystick controlled by the tongue to play four computer games. The participants had to reach 12 targets that appeared on the computer screen using the intra-oral joystick. Motor performance was measured by the number of attempts to score and the time during which the target force was maintained. Tongue motor performance was compared among tongue movement direction, resistance force level, game round number, and continuous force application time on the target, age and gender. RESULTS: The number of attempts depended significantly on the direction, continuous force application time on the target and age. The time during which the target force was maintained depended significantly on the direction, continuous force application time on the target and game round number. There were no significant differences in the comparisons by gender or by resistance force level. CONCLUSIONS: It was seen that young adults had their best performance in the downward direction, on the third round, holding the force for a shorter time. The performance deteriorated as age increased.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Exercise Therapy , Video Games , Adult , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders/rehabilitation , Humans , Pilot Projects , Tongue , Young Adult
4.
Int J Orofacial Myology ; 40: 56-63, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27295848

ABSTRACT

In clinical speech-language pathology practice, tongue force is usually evaluated qualitatively. Perception and practical experience are used to classify this force. The Biomechanical Engineering Group from the Federal University of Minas Gerais developed an instrument to quantify tongue force. The purposes of this study were to quantify maximum tongue protrusion force in Brazilian subjects with normal tongue strength and to compare force values between gender groups. In total, 105 subjects, 43 men and 62 women, aged from 18 to 29 years, with normal tongue strength according to qualitative evaluation, underwent quantitative evaluation by using the instrument. The mean of the maximum tongue force values of all participants was 17.58 ± 7.95 N. There were significant differences in the median values for maximum tongue forces between the genders, with higher values observed for men. In intersubject comparisons, high variation coefficients were evident due to the variability among individuals. However, the study suggested that the instrument could be an interesting tool for intrasubject comparisons, especially during the follow-up.


Subject(s)
Tongue/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Cross-Sectional Studies , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Male , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle Strength Dynamometer , Sex Factors , Young Adult
5.
Codas ; 36(3): e20220234, 2024.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38808855

ABSTRACT

This paper describe a successful experience of promotion, prevention and support for breastfeeding developed by professionals from a basic health unit. This is a Breastfeeding Outpatient Clinic, implemented in a health center in Belo Horizonte, in August 2019. The Outpatient Clinic was established based on the perception of the unit's team that many mothers had difficulty breastfeeding, however, due to the work overload of this team, this assistance did not occur in a timely manner, resulting in early weaning. Initially, a meeting was held to sensitize the team on the breastfeeding indicators of the unit. Based on this knowledge, the implementation of a breastfeeding Outpatient clinic was proposed, aimed not only at dyad with difficulties in managing breastfeeding, but at all postpartum women in the area covered by that health center. A flow was created, through which it was established that all postpartum women who brought their children to carry out the heel prick test at the unit would be referred to the Breastfeeding Outpatient Clinic to perform this service. With the improvement of care, the users of the health center started to breastfeed for longer, which reflected in the improvement of the unit's indicators.


O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever uma experiência de promoção, prevenção e apoio ao aleitamento materno desenvolvida por profissionais de uma unidade básica de saúde. Trata-se de um ambulatório de amamentação, implementado em um centro de saúde, em Belo Horizonte, em agosto de 2019. O ambulatório foi instituído a partir da percepção da equipe da unidade de que muitas mães tinham dificuldade com o processo de amamentação, no entanto, em função da sobrecarga de trabalho desta equipe, esta assistência não ocorria em tempo hábil, resultando no desmame precoce. Inicialmente realizou-se uma reunião para sensibilização da equipe sobre os indicadores de aleitamento materno da unidade. A partir desse conhecimento foi proposta a implementação de um ambulatório de amamentação, destinado não apenas às puérperas com dificuldade no manejo do aleitamento materno, mas à todas da área de abrangência daquela Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). Para captação das puérperas, foi estabelecido um fluxo, por meio do qual ficou estabelecido que todas as puérperas que trouxessem seus filhos para realização do teste do pezinho na unidade, seriam encaminhadas ao ambulatório para a realização deste atendimento. Com a melhora da assistência, as usuárias da unidade básica de saúde passaram a amamentar por mais tempo, o que refletiu na melhora dos indicadores da unidade.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Health Promotion , Primary Health Care , Humans , Female , Brazil , Adult , Mothers
6.
Codas ; 36(2): e20220323, 2024.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38629647

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To present a method for analyzing breathing modes with infrared thermography. METHODS: This exploratory cross-sectional study used 38 thermal images of inspiration and expiration with nasal breathing and simulated mouth breathing in four nasal breathers without respiratory complaints. Three different data selection forms (line, rectangle, and ellipse) were used to extract the minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures of the regions of interest (nose and mouth) using the FLIR Tools® software. RESULTS: Among the three selection forms, there was greater temperature variability obtained with the line, revealing limitations in this measurement. There were no differences between the rectangle and ellipse values, showing that both selection forms present similar temperature extraction results. The comparison results between nose and mouth temperatures during inspiration and expiration indicated a statistically significant difference between all measurements, except for mean inspiration temperatures with the rectangle and ellipse. The breathing mode can be distinguished in both inspiration and expiration when using mean mouth temperatures with the rectangle and ellipse. CONCLUSION: Breathing modes should be assessed based on mean mouth temperatures during inspiration, using the ellipse.


OBJETIVO: Apresentar um método de análise do modo respiratório por meio da termografia infravermelha. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal exploratório de 38 imagens térmicas que representavam o momento da inspiração e da expiração durante a respiração nasal e durante a simulação da respiração oral de quatro voluntárias respiradoras nasais sem queixas respiratórias. Para a extração da temperatura das regiões de interesse (nariz e boca) foram utilizadas três formas de seleção distintas de dados (linha, retângulo e elipse) e três medidas de temperatura (mínima, média e máxima) por meio do software FLIR Tools®. RESULTADOS: Dentre as três formas de seleção houve maior variabilidade nas medidas obtidas pela linha, revelando limitações nessa medida. Não houve diferenças entre as medidas do retângulo e elipse, mostrando que ambas as formas de seleção apresentam resultados semelhantes para a extração das temperaturas. Na comparação entre as temperaturas do nariz e da boca na inspiração e expiração, os resultados indicaram que houve diferença com relevância estatística em todas as medidas realizadas, exceto para as medidas de temperatura média da inspiração, usando o retângulo e a elipse. Percebe-se diferenciação do modo respiratório tanto na inspiração quanto na expiração quando utilizada a temperatura média da boca com o retângulo e a elipse. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se para avaliação do modo respiratório a avaliação da boca, por meio da elipse, com análise da temperatura média durante a inspiração.


Subject(s)
Respiration , Thermography , Humans , Pilot Projects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nose , Mouth Breathing
7.
Codas ; 36(4): e20230149, 2024.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38836829

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To propose a methodology for analyzing data generated by an instrument measuring non-nutritive sucking pressure in newborns. METHODS: An analytical observational study was developed, with a cross-sectional design, considering the data collected from 24 full-term newborns without complications. Three collections from each neonate were analyzed, with duration of 2 minutes and a 2-minute interval between them. The defined parameters were extracted using a program developed in Matlab®. The results were obtained by analyzing and comparing 12 variables at a 5% confidence level. Comparison of manual and computerized analyzes was also carried out using the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The multiple comparison between the three collection moments showed that the significant statistical differences occurred between collections one and two and two and three. When analyzing and comparing each variable separately, it was noted that the second collection showed: greater number of sucking groups, greater number of suctions, less time to start the sucking groups, longer time of sucking groups, less number of sporadic suctions, higher mean pressure values and with less standard deviation, more number of pauses with shorter time of pauses. The intraclass correlation coefficient revealed almost perfect agreement for the 12 evaluated parameters. CONCLUSION: The 12 variables analyzed are relevant, especially in the second collection. The Matlab® program proved to be viable and effective in extracting and analyzing parameters, showing high agreement when compared to manual evaluation.


OBJETIVO: Propor uma metodologia de análise dos dados gerados por um instrumento de medição da pressão de sucção não-nutritiva do recém-nascido. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional analítico, transversal com dados de 24 recém-nascidos a termo sem comprometimentos. Após a avaliação clínica foram analisadas três coletas de cada neonato empregando-se o referido instrumento, com duração de 2 minutos e intervalo de 2 minutos entre elas. Os parâmetros definidos foram extraídos por meio de um programa desenvolvido em Matlab®. Os resultados foram obtidos pela análise e comparação de 12 variáveis ao nível de confiança de 5%. Foi realizada ainda comparação das análises manual e computadorizada por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. RESULTADOS: A comparação múltipla entre os três momentos de coleta, mostrou que as diferenças estatísticas significantes ocorreram entre as coletas um e dois e dois e três. Ao se analisar e comparar cada variável separadamente, notou-se que a segunda coleta apresentou: maior número de grupos de sucção, maior número de sucções, menor tempo para iniciar os grupos de sucção, maior tempo de grupos de sucção, menor número de sucções esporádicas, valores de pressão média maiores e com menor desvio padrão, maior número de pausas com tempo de pausas menor. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse revelou concordância quase perfeita para os 12 parâmetros avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: As 12 variáveis analisadas mostram-se relevantes, especialmente na segunda coleta. O programa em Matlab® mostrou-se viável e eficaz na extração e análise dos parâmetros, apresentando alta concordância quando comparado à avaliação manual.


Subject(s)
Sucking Behavior , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sucking Behavior/physiology , Time Factors , Female , Male
8.
Codas ; 36(3): e20230066, 2024.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38808856

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the sensation of pain and the range of mandibular movements of adult individuals with temporomandibular disorder, before and after the application of the athletic tape. METHOD: This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial, in which 22 adults with temporomandibular disorder participated, randomly allocated into two groups, with group A comprising 10 women and one man (mean age 28.2±8.3 years) and group B comprising nine women and two men (mean age 26.2±3.9 years). Group A was submitted to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter with 40% stretch and the group B to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter without stretching. All participants underwent the application of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Pain threshold assessment was performed using an algometer to apply pressure to measurement points. The measurement of mandibular movements was performed using a caliper. The athletic tape was glued using the I technique, with a fixed point over the insertion and a movable point over the origin of the masseter muscle. Participants remained with the athletic tape for 24 hours and were re-evaluated. RESULTS: There was pain relief in the group A in the temporomandibular joint on the right and at the origin of the masseter on the left. The group B showed a reduction in pain in the left anterior temporal region. No differences were found in mandibular movements after intervention, as well as no difference was found in the comparison by groups. CONCLUSION: The use of the athletic tape over the masseter muscle, with stretching, for 24 hours produced relief from the sensation of pain, on the origin of the right masseter and in the right temporomandibular joint, and, without stretching, in the left anterior temporal muscle. There was no difference in the range of mandibular movements.


OBJETIVO: Analisar a sensação de dor e amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares de indivíduos adultos com disfunção temporomandibular, antes e após aplicação da bandagem elástica por 24 horas. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego, do qual participaram 22 sujeitos adultos com disfunção temporomandibular, alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos, sendo grupo A composto por 10 mulheres e um homem (média de idade de 28,2±8,3 anos) e grupo B por nove mulheres e dois homens (média de idade de 26,2±3,9 anos). Todos os participantes foram submetidos à aplicação do Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Foi realizada a avaliação do limiar da dor, com uso de um algômetro, para aplicação da pressão no masseter e temporal e medição dos movimentos mandibulares, com paquímetro. O grupo A foi submetido à aplicação da bandagem sobre o músculo masseter com estiramento de 40% e o grupo B sem estiramento. A colagem da bandagem foi realizada, com corte em "I", com ponto fixo sobre a inserção e ponto móvel sobre a origem do músculo masseter. Os participantes permaneceram com a bandagem por 24 horas e foram reavaliados. RESULTADOS: Houve alívio da dor no grupo A na articulação temporomandibular à direita e na origem do masseter à esquerda. O grupo B apresentou redução da dor em região de temporal anterior à esquerda. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos movimentos mandibulares após intervenção, bem como não houve diferença na comparação entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da bandagem sobre o masseter, por 24 horas, com estiramento, produziu alívio da dor na origem do masseter direito e na região da articulação temporomandibular direita e, sem estiramento, no temporal anterior esquerdo. Não houve diferença na amplitude de movimentos mandibulares.


Subject(s)
Athletic Tape , Facial Pain , Masseter Muscle , Pain Measurement , Range of Motion, Articular , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Humans , Female , Adult , Double-Blind Method , Male , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Facial Pain/diagnosis , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Masseter Muscle/physiopathology , Young Adult , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Pain Threshold/physiology , Mandible/physiopathology
9.
Codas ; 35(5): e20220102, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37436259

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the maximum anterior and posterior tongue pressure, tongue endurance, and lip pressure in Class I, II, and III malocclusions and different facial types. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational analytical study was carried out in 55 individuals (29 men and 26 women) aged between 18 and 55 years. The participants were divided into groups according to Angle malocclusion (Class I, II, and III) and facial type. The maximum anterior and posterior tongue pressure, tongue endurance, and maximum lip pressure were measured using the IOPI (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument). To determine the facial type, the cephalometric analysis was accomplished using Ricketts VERT analysis as a reference. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference when comparing the maximum pressure of the anterior and posterior regions of the tongue, the maximum pressure of the lips, or the endurance of the tongue in the different Angle malocclusion types. Maximum posterior tongue pressure was lower in vertical individuals than in mesofacial individuals. CONCLUSION: Tongue and lips pressure, as well as tongue endurance in adults was not associated with the type of malocclusion. However, there is an association between facial type and the posterior pressure of the tongue.


Subject(s)
Lip , Malocclusion , Male , Adult , Humans , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pressure , Tongue , Cephalometry
10.
Codas ; 35(5): e20210324, 2023.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37610923

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of myotherapy exercises in increasing tongue pressure and strength. A secondary aim was to analyze the exercise types, training parameters, and functional results. RESEARCH STRATEGIES: This systematic literature review was based on the Prisma protocol guidelines. SELECTION CRITERIA: The review included clinical trials that assessed the effects of tongue muscle training, with no restriction on the language or year of publication. DATA ANALYSIS: The steps included eliminating duplicates; reading abstracts and excluding studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria; reading selected articles in full text, extracting important data, and gathering them in a table; and meta-analysis, using the inverse variance method. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute's tool. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Grading System of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS: The meta-analysis indicated a significant increase in maximum anterior and posterior pressure as an effect of training. The most performed exercise was tongue pressure against the palate. However, training parameters varied between studies, and whether exercises alone led to functional improvement cannot be stated. The quality of the evidence was considered low. CONCLUSION: Myotherapy exercises increased anterior and posterior tongue pressure in adults, but the quality of this evidence is low. The studies used various exercise types and training parameters. It cannot be stated whether exercises alone led to functional improvement.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia de exercícios mioterápicos no aumento da pressão e da força lingual. Buscou-se, de forma secundária, analisar quais os tipos de exercícios utilizados, os parâmetros de treinamento e os resultados funcionais obtidos. ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA: Revisão sistemática da literatura guiada conforme as diretrizes do protocolo Prisma. CRITÉRIOS DE SELEçÃO: Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos que avaliaram efeitos do treinamento muscular da língua, sem limite quanto ao idioma ou ano de publicação. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: Incluiu as etapas de eliminação de artigos duplicados; leitura de resumos e exclusão de estudos que não contemplaram os critérios de elegibilidade; leitura na íntegra dos artigos selecionados com extração de informações importantes, reunidas em tabela; e metanálise, realizada por meio do método do inverso da variância. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi realizada pela ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute. A qualidade da evidência foi avaliada pelo Sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTADOS: A metanálise indicou aumento significativo da pressão máxima anterior e posterior como efeito do treinamento. O exercício mais utilizado foi pressão de língua contra o palato, mas os parâmetros de treinamento variaram entre estudos, não sendo possível afirmar que exercícios isolados promovem melhora funcional. A qualidade da evidência foi considerada baixa. CONCLUSÃO: Os exercícios mioterápicos promovem o aumento da pressão anterior e posterior da língua de indivíduos adultos, porém a qualidade dessa evidência é baixa. Há variabilidade quanto aos tipos de exercícios utilizados e parâmetros de treinamento. Não é possível afirmar que os exercícios promovem melhora funcional.


Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy , Tongue , Adult , Humans , Pressure , Exercise , Facial Muscles
11.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol ; 89(6): 101333, 2023 Sep 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37813011

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze breathing modes with infrared thermography. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational exploratory study conducted in 20 female participants with a mean age of 26.0-years. The thermograms were made following the principles of the American Academy of Thermology and the Brazilian Thermology Society. The camera FLIR A315 (FLIR Inc., Santa Barbara, CA) was used for the tests. The recordings consisted of the participants breathing normally through the nose for 2min and simulating oral/oronasal breathing for another 2min. The thermograms were analyzed with the FLIR Tools software. An ellipse was placed between the nostrils and the lip commissures to obtain the mean temperatures. The collection was made by two independent researchers, and the normalized non-dimensional temperature was calculated. RESULTS: The temperature in nasal breathing is higher than in oral/oronasal breathing both for inhaling and exhaling when measured in the region of the mouth. The exhaling temperatures were higher than the inhaling ones in oral/oronasal breathing (through the nose and the mouth) and nasal breathing (only through the nose). The temperature difference between exhaling and inhaling (ΔT) was greater in oral/oronasal breathing when measured in the region of the mouth. CONCLUSION: The thermographic assessment of breathing modes may be made by comparing the mean temperatures of the mouth, using an ellipse. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Study without consistently applied reference standards.

12.
Codas ; 34(2): e20210024, 2022.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35019078

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the immediate effects of different doses of photobiomodulation on maximum lip pressure. METHODS: Experimental, randomized and triple-blind study. The sample consisted of 23 women and 17 men, age between 18 and 33 years old (average 23.18 years old, SD=2.1), distributed in four groups: CG (control group), G1, G4 and G7. The maximum pressure was assessed with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The bulb was placed between the lips and the participants were instructed to press it as strong as possible. Infrared LASER (808 nm), manufactured by DMC, Therapy EC model, 100 mW of power output, was applied. The doses tested were 1 J (G1), 4 J (G4) and 7 J (G7), applied at six points of the orbicularis oris muscle. In the CG there was no intervention. The evaluation procedures were repeated after the LASER application. The results were analyzed with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS: The maximum lip pressure increased significantly only in the group irradiated with 7 J. CONCLUSION: Low level LASER therapy with 7 J dose promoted changes in the performance of the orbicularis oris muscle in the maximum pressure task.


OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos imediatos da fotobiomodulação sobre a pressão máxima dos lábios para diferentes doses. MÉTODO: Estudo experimental, randomizado e triplo cego. A amostra foi composta por 23 mulheres e 17 homens com idade entre 18 e 33 anos (média 23,18 anos, DP=2,1), divididos em quatro grupos: GC (grupo controle), G1, G4 e G7. A pressão máxima foi avaliada com o Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). O bulbo foi posicionado entre os lábios e os participantes foram orientados a pressioná-lo com a maior força possível. Aplicou-se o LASER infravermelho (808 nm) da marca DMC, modelo Therapy EC, 100 mW de potência. As doses testadas foram 1 J (G1), 4 J (G4) e 7 J (G7) aplicadas em seis pontos do músculo orbicular da boca. No GC não houve intervenção. Após a aplicação do LASER, foram repetidos os procedimentos de avaliação. Os resultados foram analisados com nível de significância de 95%. RESULTADOS: A pressão máxima de lábios aumentou significativamente apenas no grupo irradiado com 7 joules. CONCLUSÃO: O LASER de baixa intensidade na dose de 7 J promoveu mudanças no desempenho do músculo orbicular da boca em tarefa de pressão máxima.


Subject(s)
Lip , Low-Level Light Therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Clinical Protocols , Facial Muscles , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult
13.
Codas ; 33(4): e20200130, 2021.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34231712

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the factors associated with the professional insertion of Speech Therapy graduates. METHODS: Observational analytical cross-sectional study, with a non-probabilistic sample, composed of 245 graduates from a Speech Therapy course in Brazil. The research applied a questionnaire containing objective and open questions, segmented into six axes. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the data were performed. RESULTS: There was an association between working as a speech therapist with the variables, gender (p=0.031), age (p≤0.001), initiative (p=0.001), leadership ability (p=0.001), decision making ability (p=0.001), teamwork ability (p=0.001), managerial skills (p=0.034), interest in new knowledge (p≤0.001), pride in the profession (p=0.001), network of contacts (p=0.001) and participation in outreach projects (p≤0.001). There was a higher chance of entering the job market as a speech therapist for those graduates who acquired network contacts during an undergraduate course (3.3 times more); were interested in knowledge (3.2 times more); develop leadership skills (2.6 times more); younger than 29 years old (0.3 times more) and carried out outreach projects during graduation (0.2 times more). CONCLUSION: Graduates in Speech Therapy who develop a network of contacts, have an interest in knowledge, develop leadership skills and participate in outreach projects during graduation have enlarged possibilities of entering the job market as speech therapists.


OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados à inserção profissional de egressos de Fonoaudiologia. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional analítico de delineamento transversal, com amostra não probabilística, composta por 245 egressos de um curso de Fonoaudiologia no Brasil. Aplicou-se um questionário com questões objetivas e abertas, segmentadas em seis eixos e foi realizada análise bivariada e multivariada dos dados. RESULTADOS: Houve associação entre egressos que trabalham como fonoaudiólogos e as variáveis, sexo (p=0,031), idade (p≤0,001), iniciativa (p=0,001), capacidade de liderança (p=0,001), capacidade de tomar decisões (p=0,001), capacidade de trabalhar em equipe (p=0,001), competências gerenciais (p=0,034), interesse por novos conhecimentos (p≤0,001), orgulho pela profissão (p=0,001), rede de contatos (p=0,001) e participação em projetos de extensão (p≤0,001). A chance de estar inserido do mercado de trabalho como fonoaudiólogo foi maior para os egressos que adquiriram rede de contatos durante a graduação (3,3 vezes mais); tinham interesse pelo conhecimento (3,2 vezes mais); desenvolveram capacidade de liderança (2,6 vezes mais); tinham idade até 29 anos (0,3 vezes mais) e realizaram projetos de extensão durante a graduação (0,2 vezes mais). CONCLUSÃO: Egressos de Fonoaudiologia que desenvolvem rede de contatos, têm interesse pelo conhecimento, desenvolvem capacidade de liderança e participam de projetos de extensão durante a graduação têm mais chances de inserção no mercado de trabalho como fonoaudiólogos.


Subject(s)
Professional Competence , Speech Therapy , Adult , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Perception
14.
Codas ; 34(2): e20200363, 2021.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34705999

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the immediate effects of laser photobiomodulation at wavelengths of 660 nm and 808 nm on fatigue of the orbicularis oris. METHODS: This is a randomized study with 60 women aged between 19 and 43 years. The participants were divided into four groups. Group RG received photobiomodulation with a laser wavelength of 660 nm at four points of the orbicularis oris; group IRG received photobiomodulation with a laser wavelength of 808 nm at the same points; the control group did not receive light treatment; and the placebo group underwent the same procedures as RG and IRG but with the equipment switched off. The irradiation was performed with a laser of 100 mW of power, 4 J of energy per point and 133.3 J/cm2 of fluency. An electromyography evaluation was performed before and after the irradiation, concomitantly with the exercise of lip protrusion maintained until the sensation of fatigue. Fatigue was evaluated by a median frequency using the electromyographic fatigue index. The amplitude of the signal was evaluated, examining the root mean square, and the values were normalized by the peak. The difference in amplitude between the upper and lower lips was also analyzed. All variables were compared before and after irradiation. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the measures taken before and after irradiation. CONCLUSION: Photobiomodulation with the parameters investigated in this study had no immediate effect on orbicular oris fatigue.


OBJETIVO: comparar os efeitos imediatos da fotobiomodulação com laser nos comprimentos de onda 660 nm e 808 nm na fadiga do músculo orbicular da boca. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo experimental randomizado, com 60 mulheres, com idade entre 19 e 43 anos. As participantes foram divididas em quatro grupos. O grupo GV recebeu irradiação com laser de comprimento de onda de 660 nm em quatro pontos do orbicular da boca; o grupo GIV recebeu irradiação com laser de comprimento de onda de 808 nm nos mesmos pontos; o grupo controle não recebeu irradiação e o grupo placebo passou pelos mesmos procedimentos dos grupos GV e GIV, porém o equipamento não foi acionado. A irradiação foi realizada com laser de 100 mW de potência, 4 J de energia por ponto e 133,3 J/cm2 de fluência. Avaliação eletromiográfica foi realizada antes e após a irradiação, concomitantemente ao exercício de protrusão labial sustentada até a sensação de fadiga. O índice de fadiga eletromiográfica foi calculado a partir da frequência mediana. A amplitude do sinal foi avaliada, examinando o RMS, e os valores normalizados pelo pico. A diferença na amplitude entre lábios superiores e inferiores também foi analisada. Todas as variáveis foram comparadas antes e após a irradiação. RESULTADOS: não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas medidas antes e após a irradiação. CONCLUSÃO: a fotobiomodulação, com os parâmetros investigados neste estudo, não resultou em efeitos imediatos sobre a fadiga do músculo orbicular da boca.


Subject(s)
Lip , Low-Level Light Therapy , Muscle Fatigue , Adult , Facial Muscles , Female , Humans , Young Adult
15.
Int J Orofacial Myology ; 36: 33-43, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23362601

ABSTRACT

The tongue plays an important role in the functions of speech, mastication, swallowing, and breathing. The tongue helps in the maintenance of proper dental alignment and arch stability. Adequate strength is essential for the tongue to perform these tasks. Recently the Biomechanical Engineering Group from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, developed a device to improve tongue strength evaluation. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the main results obtained in tongue protrusion force measurements in different age groups using this new device. Fifteen healthy subjects were given a qualitative evaluation and determined to have normal tongue strength. They were separated by age in three groups: children, adults and elderly. They were then given a quantitative evaluation. Maximum and average forces were analyzed. The time taken to reach maximum force was also assessed. Higher values of maximum and average tongue force were obtained in the adult group, followed by the elderly group and the group of children. Older subjects had greater tongue force when compared to children. However, there were statistically significant differences in the average force and in the maximum force only between children and adults. Time taken to reach maximal isometric force was longer in the elderly group and shorter in the group of children than in the group of adults although no statistically significant difference was found between groups.


Subject(s)
Muscle Strength/physiology , Tongue/physiology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Isometric Contraction/physiology , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle Strength Dynamometer , Pressure , Stress, Mechanical , Time Factors , Young Adult
16.
Codas ; 31(2): e20180099, 2019 Apr 01.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30942289

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the relationship between maximum tongue pressure and the etiology of oral breathing in oral breathing children attended at the Oral Respiratory Outpatient Clinic. METHODS: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was accomplished with 59 mouth breathing children aged 3 to 12 years (mean age 6.5 years and SD: standard deviation= 2.4). To collect tongue pressure, the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) was used and data regarding the etiology of oral breathing and dental occlusion were collected in the records of these patients for analysis. The associations between the maximum tongue pressure and the etiology of oral breathing, age, gender and dental occlusion were verified by the T test, ANOVA, Spearman's coefficient and Tuckey's test, using a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: There was a moderate and positive correlation between age and maximum pressure, it was verified that there was a statistically significant difference between the maximum tongue pressure and the variables pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy and palatine tonsil hypertrophy. There were no statistical differences between the other variables. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that mechanical obstructions, among them the pharyngeal and palatine tonsil hypertrophy alter the maximum tongue pressure in oral breathing children.


OBJETIVO: Verificar a existência de relação entre pressão máxima da língua e a etiologia da respiração oral em crianças respiradoras orais atendidas em um Ambulatório do Respirador Oral. MÉTODO: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal observacional descritivo e analítico com 59 crianças respiradoras orais com idades entre três e 12 anos (média de 6,5 anos e DP=2,4). Para a coleta da pressão de língua, foi utilizado o Iowa Oral Performance Instrument ­ (IOPI) e dados sobre a etiologia da respiração oral e oclusão dentária foram coletados nos prontuários desses pacientes para análise. As associações entre a pressão máxima da língua e a etiologia da respiração oral, idade, gênero e oclusão dentária foram verificadas pelo teste T, ANOVA, coeficiente de Spearman e Teste de Tuckey, utilizando-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Houve correlação moderada e positiva entre idade e pressão máxima, verificou-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a pressão máxima da língua e as variáveis hipertrofia da tonsila faríngea e hipertrofia das tonsilas palatinas. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas entre as outras variáveis. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que as obstruções mecânicas, dentre elas a hipertrofia das tonsilas faríngea e palatinas alteram a pressão máxima de língua em crianças respiradoras orais.


Subject(s)
Mouth Breathing/etiology , Pressure , Tongue/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hypertrophy/complications , Male , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology , Tongue/physiopathology
17.
CoDAS ; 36(2): e20220323, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557601

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar um método de análise do modo respiratório por meio da termografia infravermelha. Método Estudo transversal exploratório de 38 imagens térmicas que representavam o momento da inspiração e da expiração durante a respiração nasal e durante a simulação da respiração oral de quatro voluntárias respiradoras nasais sem queixas respiratórias. Para a extração da temperatura das regiões de interesse (nariz e boca) foram utilizadas três formas de seleção distintas de dados (linha, retângulo e elipse) e três medidas de temperatura (mínima, média e máxima) por meio do software FLIR Tools®. Resultados Dentre as três formas de seleção houve maior variabilidade nas medidas obtidas pela linha, revelando limitações nessa medida. Não houve diferenças entre as medidas do retângulo e elipse, mostrando que ambas as formas de seleção apresentam resultados semelhantes para a extração das temperaturas. Na comparação entre as temperaturas do nariz e da boca na inspiração e expiração, os resultados indicaram que houve diferença com relevância estatística em todas as medidas realizadas, exceto para as medidas de temperatura média da inspiração, usando o retângulo e a elipse. Percebe-se diferenciação do modo respiratório tanto na inspiração quanto na expiração quando utilizada a temperatura média da boca com o retângulo e a elipse. Conclusão Sugere-se para avaliação do modo respiratório a avaliação da boca, por meio da elipse, com análise da temperatura média durante a inspiração.


ABSTRACT Purpose To present a method for analyzing breathing modes with infrared thermography. Methods This exploratory cross-sectional study used 38 thermal images of inspiration and expiration with nasal breathing and simulated mouth breathing in four nasal breathers without respiratory complaints. Three different data selection forms (line, rectangle, and ellipse) were used to extract the minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures of the regions of interest (nose and mouth) using the FLIR Tools® software. Results Among the three selection forms, there was greater temperature variability obtained with the line, revealing limitations in this measurement. There were no differences between the rectangle and ellipse values, showing that both selection forms present similar temperature extraction results. The comparison results between nose and mouth temperatures during inspiration and expiration indicated a statistically significant difference between all measurements, except for mean inspiration temperatures with the rectangle and ellipse. The breathing mode can be distinguished in both inspiration and expiration when using mean mouth temperatures with the rectangle and ellipse. Conclusion Breathing modes should be assessed based on mean mouth temperatures during inspiration, using the ellipse.

18.
CoDAS ; 36(3): e20220234, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557611

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever uma experiência de promoção, prevenção e apoio ao aleitamento materno desenvolvida por profissionais de uma unidade básica de saúde. Trata-se de um ambulatório de amamentação, implementado em um centro de saúde, em Belo Horizonte, em agosto de 2019. O ambulatório foi instituído a partir da percepção da equipe da unidade de que muitas mães tinham dificuldade com o processo de amamentação, no entanto, em função da sobrecarga de trabalho desta equipe, esta assistência não ocorria em tempo hábil, resultando no desmame precoce. Inicialmente realizou-se uma reunião para sensibilização da equipe sobre os indicadores de aleitamento materno da unidade. A partir desse conhecimento foi proposta a implementação de um ambulatório de amamentação, destinado não apenas às puérperas com dificuldade no manejo do aleitamento materno, mas à todas da área de abrangência daquela Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). Para captação das puérperas, foi estabelecido um fluxo, por meio do qual ficou estabelecido que todas as puérperas que trouxessem seus filhos para realização do teste do pezinho na unidade, seriam encaminhadas ao ambulatório para a realização deste atendimento. Com a melhora da assistência, as usuárias da unidade básica de saúde passaram a amamentar por mais tempo, o que refletiu na melhora dos indicadores da unidade.


ABSTRACT This paper describe a successful experience of promotion, prevention and support for breastfeeding developed by professionals from a basic health unit. This is a Breastfeeding Outpatient Clinic, implemented in a health center in Belo Horizonte, in August 2019. The Outpatient Clinic was established based on the perception of the unit's team that many mothers had difficulty breastfeeding, however, due to the work overload of this team, this assistance did not occur in a timely manner, resulting in early weaning. Initially, a meeting was held to sensitize the team on the breastfeeding indicators of the unit. Based on this knowledge, the implementation of a breastfeeding Outpatient clinic was proposed, aimed not only at dyad with difficulties in managing breastfeeding, but at all postpartum women in the area covered by that health center. A flow was created, through which it was established that all postpartum women who brought their children to carry out the heel prick test at the unit would be referred to the Breastfeeding Outpatient Clinic to perform this service. With the improvement of care, the users of the health center started to breastfeed for longer, which reflected in the improvement of the unit's indicators.

19.
Codas ; 31(5): e20180163, 2019.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31664370

ABSTRACT

This research had the objective of reporting a clinical case in which the rehabilitation of tongue strength with biofeedback strategy was performed. This case report addresses a 20-year-old patient whose orofacial myofunctional evaluation revealed a severe decrease in the force of the anterior third of the tongue and changes in lingual mobility and coordination. The measurement of tongue pressure was performed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) during elevation, protrusion and lateralization, and it was verified a reduction in the values ​​obtained in all measured directions, compared with normality patterns. We performed 11 sessions of therapy, with weekly frequency, using a biofeedback strategy that consisted of computer games controlled by the tongue. An instrument embedded in the oral cavity functioned as a joystick as the input method for specific digital games. The patient performed at home the isometric exercises of pressing the tip of the tongue against a spatula, exaggerated retraction of tongue, tongue tapering, and isotonic exercise of touching the commissures and lips alternately, daily. After eight sessions, in relation to the elevation pressure, there was an improvement of 28.6% for the apex and 7.1% for the dorsum. As for protrusion, there was an improvement of 123.5%. In the measurements of left and right lateralization, the values ​​increased 53.8% and 7.4%, respectively. After twelve sessions, it was observed an improvement of 35.7%, 7.4%, 164%, 76.9% and 40.7% in relation to the initial evaluation, for apex elevation, dorsum elevation, protrusion, and lateralization to left and right, respectively. Despite the increase, values ​​recommended in the literature as normal for sex and age were not reached after 12 therapy sessions.


Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de relatar um caso clínico em que foi realizada a reabilitação da força lingual com estratégia de biofeedback. Trata-se de uma paciente de 20 anos de idade, cuja avaliação miofuncional orofacial evidenciou diminuição grave de força do terço anterior da língua e alterações na mobilidade e na coordenação linguais. A quantificação da pressão lingual foi realizada por meio do Iowa Oral Performance Instrument durante a elevação, a protrusão e a lateralização, tendo se verificado redução nos valores obtidos em todas as direções medidas em comparação aos padrões de normalidade. Foram realizadas 11 sessões de terapia, com frequência semanal, utilizando estratégia de biofeedback que consistia em jogos computacionais acionados pela língua. Um instrumento encaixado na cavidade oral funcionava como um joystick, sendo método de entrada para jogos digitais específicos. Em casa, a paciente realizou exercícios isométricos de pressão de ponta de língua contra espátula, retração exagerada de língua, afilamento lingual e isotônico de tocar comissuras e lábios alternadamente, diariamente. Após oito sessões, em relação à pressão na elevação, houve melhora de 28,6% para o ápice e 7,1% para o dorso. Quanto à protrusão, houve melhora de 123,5%. Nas medidas de lateralizações esquerda e direita, os valores aumentaram 53,8% e 7,4%, respectivamente. Após 12 sessões, percebeu-se melhora, em relação à avaliação inicial, de 35,7%, 7,4%, 164%, 76,9% e 40,7%, para elevação de ápice, de dorso, protrusão, lateralizações esquerda e direita, respectivamente. Apesar do aumento, valores preconizados na literatura, como normalidade para o sexo e a idade, não foram atingidos com 12 sessões.


Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy/methods , Muscle Strength , Tongue/physiopathology , Adult , Biofeedback, Psychology , Exercise , Exercise Therapy/instrumentation , Facial Paralysis/complications , Facial Paralysis/rehabilitation , Female , Humans , Muscle Strength/physiology , Young Adult
20.
CoDAS ; 36(3): e20230066, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557607

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a sensação de dor e amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares de indivíduos adultos com disfunção temporomandibular, antes e após aplicação da bandagem elástica por 24 horas. Método Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego, do qual participaram 22 sujeitos adultos com disfunção temporomandibular, alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos, sendo grupo A composto por 10 mulheres e um homem (média de idade de 28,2±8,3 anos) e grupo B por nove mulheres e dois homens (média de idade de 26,2±3,9 anos). Todos os participantes foram submetidos à aplicação do Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Foi realizada a avaliação do limiar da dor, com uso de um algômetro, para aplicação da pressão no masseter e temporal e medição dos movimentos mandibulares, com paquímetro. O grupo A foi submetido à aplicação da bandagem sobre o músculo masseter com estiramento de 40% e o grupo B sem estiramento. A colagem da bandagem foi realizada, com corte em "I", com ponto fixo sobre a inserção e ponto móvel sobre a origem do músculo masseter. Os participantes permaneceram com a bandagem por 24 horas e foram reavaliados. Resultados Houve alívio da dor no grupo A na articulação temporomandibular à direita e na origem do masseter à esquerda. O grupo B apresentou redução da dor em região de temporal anterior à esquerda. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos movimentos mandibulares após intervenção, bem como não houve diferença na comparação entre os grupos. Conclusão O uso da bandagem sobre o masseter, por 24 horas, com estiramento, produziu alívio da dor na origem do masseter direito e na região da articulação temporomandibular direita e, sem estiramento, no temporal anterior esquerdo. Não houve diferença na amplitude de movimentos mandibulares.


ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the sensation of pain and the range of mandibular movements of adult individuals with temporomandibular disorder, before and after the application of the athletic tape. Method This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial, in which 22 adults with temporomandibular disorder participated, randomly allocated into two groups, with group A comprising 10 women and one man (mean age 28.2±8.3 years) and group B comprising nine women and two men (mean age 26.2±3.9 years). Group A was submitted to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter with 40% stretch and the group B to the application of the athletic tape on the masseter without stretching. All participants underwent the application of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Pain threshold assessment was performed using an algometer to apply pressure to measurement points. The measurement of mandibular movements was performed using a caliper. The athletic tape was glued using the I technique, with a fixed point over the insertion and a movable point over the origin of the masseter muscle. Participants remained with the athletic tape for 24 hours and were re-evaluated. Results There was pain relief in the group A in the temporomandibular joint on the right and at the origin of the masseter on the left. The group B showed a reduction in pain in the left anterior temporal region. No differences were found in mandibular movements after intervention, as well as no difference was found in the comparison by groups. Conclusion The use of the athletic tape over the masseter muscle, with stretching, for 24 hours produced relief from the sensation of pain, on the origin of the right masseter and in the right temporomandibular joint, and, without stretching, in the left anterior temporal muscle. There was no difference in the range of mandibular movements.

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