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1.
Int J Clin Oncol ; 2024 Jul 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39043985

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:  Treatment options for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who experience disease progression on lenvatinib treatment are limited. Although dose escalation of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors at disease progression has been reported across cancer types, clinical significance in patients with DTC has not been investigated. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with DTC who experienced disease progression on lenvatinib treatment from September 2011 to June 2022. We compared subjects who received dose-escalation treatment with standard treatment of termination at the time of initial disease progression. The escalated dose was decided by referencing to the previous effective and tolerated dose. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were identified, 15 with dose escalation and 18 with lenvatinib termination. In both groups, the starting dose of lenvatinib was 24 mg/day, and the median dose at initial disease progression was 10 mg/day. In the former, the median dose escalation was 6 mg/day (range: 4-12). Objective response rate, clinical benefit rate by escalation, and median treatment duration of the dose-escalation phase were 13.3%, 73.3%, and 9.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.71-27.6), respectively. Median overall survival from initial disease progression was significantly longer in the dose-escalation group (median OS: 20.4 months [95% CI 7.0-NA] vs. 3.9 months [95% CI 1.7-7.9], log-rank p-value; 0.0004, hazard ratio; 0.22 [95% CI 0.09-0.55]). There were no grade 5 adverse events, and one patient discontinued due to a grade 3 lung abscess. CONCLUSION: The dose-escalation strategy appears to be a safe and effective treatment option after disease progression in patients treated with lenvatinib for DTC.

2.
J Org Chem ; 87(13): 8782-8787, 2022 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35726860

ABSTRACT

The Mn(III)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of methylenebis(cyclohexane-1,3-dione) enols 1 resulted in 6a-hydroxy-2,3,4,6a,7,8,9,10a-octahydro-1H-benzo[c]chromene-1,6,10-triones 3 during the formation of 4,5,8,10,11,12-hexahydro-2H-benzo[b]oxecine-2,6,7,9(3H)-tetraones 2. The mechanism for the formation of 3 was proposed on the basis of the isolation of intermediates 2, which were transformed into 3 under Claisen and retro-Claisen conditions.

3.
Zoolog Sci ; 39(4)2022 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35960029

ABSTRACT

Aggregation of flying insects such as gypsy moths at commercial light sources in summer not only has an aesthetically negative impact on public facilities but also permits the establishment of new insect populations there from the next year. Although energy-efficient light traps equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently been used for controlling pest insects in agriculture, there are very few maintenance-free light traps that are available on the market. Based on the results of field surveys, we fabricated a prototype light trap in which the preferences of insects for light irradiation angle and wavelength are implemented. Field experiments revealed that flying moths were attracted more to light with a narrow irradiation angle than to light with a wide irradiation angle. Moreover, there was a tendency for fewer moths to be collected when fluorescent paint was applied to the surface of the flight-interception board, indicating that a high contrast made by illumination and the background is preferred by flying moths. Taken together with our previous results, we found that the moth catch was influenced more by modification of the light design than by change in visible light wavelengths. A semi-portable light trap, named the "Kurihara trap" after the primary contributor to its development, is made of light-weight plastic and is driven by solar power. This light trap is omnidirectional and maintenance-free and is therefore suitable for deployment in the backyards of rest areas as well as at houses for long-term macromoth sampling.


Subject(s)
Moths , Animals , Insect Control/methods , Insecta
4.
Naturwissenschaften ; 108(5): 45, 2021 Sep 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34581877

ABSTRACT

Animals highly depend on their sensory organs to detect information about their surrounding environment. Among animal sensory organs, those of insects have a notable ability to detect information despite their small size, which might be, therefore, one of the reasons for the evolutionary success of insects. However, insect sensory organs are seldom fossilized in sediments due to their small size and fragility. A potential solution for this problem is the study of exceptionally well-preserved fossil material from amber. Unfortunately, the resolution of existing non-destructive analysis is insufficient to observe details of these micro sensory organs even with amber preservation. Here, we focus on the analysis of the micro sensory organs of an extinct male cockroach (Huablattula hui Qiu et al., 2019) in Cretaceous amber by combining destructive and non-destructive methods. Compared to extant species inhabiting dark environments, H. hui has relatively large compound eyes, and all the antennal sensilla for detecting multimodal information observed here are fewer or smaller. The characteristics of these sensory organs support the diurnality of the bright habitats of H. hui in contrast to many extant cockroaches. Like extant male mantises, grooved basiconic type sensilla exist abundantly on the antenna of the fossilized specimen. The abundance of grooved basiconic sensilla in mantid males results from using sex pheromones, and therefore, H. hui may have likewise used mantis-like intersexual communication. These lines of evidence suggest that the ecology and behavior of Cretaceous cockroaches were more diverse than those of related extant species.


Subject(s)
Cockroaches , Mantodea , Amber , Animals , Fossils , Male , Sensilla
5.
J Neurosci ; 39(44): 8690-8704, 2019 10 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31548236

ABSTRACT

The basic organization of the olfactory system has been the subject of extensive studies in vertebrates and invertebrates. In many animals, GABA-ergic neurons inhibit spike activities of higher-order olfactory neurons and help sparsening of their odor representations. In the cockroach, two different types of GABA-immunoreactive interneurons (calyceal giants [CGs]) mainly project to the base and lip regions of the calyces (input areas) of the mushroom body (MB), a second-order olfactory center. The base and lip regions receive axon terminals of two different types of projection neurons, which receive synapses from different classes of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), and receive dendrites of different classes of Kenyon cells, MB intrinsic neurons. We performed intracellular recordings from pairs of CGs and MB output neurons (MBONs) of male American cockroaches, the latter receiving synapses from Kenyon cells, and we found that a CG receives excitatory synapses from an MBON and that odor responses of the MBON are changed by current injection into the CG. Such feedback effects, however, were often weak or absent in pairs of neurons that belong to different streams, suggesting parallel organization of the recurrent pathways, although interactions between different streams were also evident. Cross-covariance analysis of the spike activities of CGs and MBONs suggested that odor stimulation produces synchronized spike activities in MBONs and then in CGs. We suggest that there are separate but interactive parallel streams to process odors detected by different OSNs throughout the olfactory processing system in cockroaches.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Organizational principles of the olfactory system have been the subject of extensive studies. In cockroaches, signals from olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in two different classes of sensilla are sent to two different classes of projection neurons, which terminate in different areas of the mushroom body (MB), each area having dendrites of different classes of MB intrinsic neurons (Kenyon cells) and terminations of different classes of GABAergic neurons. Physiological and morphological assessments derived from simultaneous intracellular recordings/stainings from GABAergic neurons and MB output neurons suggested that GABAergic neurons play feedback roles and that odors detected by OSNs are processed in separate but interactive processing streams throughout the central olfactory system.


Subject(s)
GABAergic Neurons/physiology , Mushroom Bodies/physiology , Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology , Periplaneta/physiology , Smell/physiology , Animals , GABAergic Neurons/cytology , Interneurons/physiology , Male , Membrane Potentials , Mushroom Bodies/cytology , Odorants , Olfactory Pathways/cytology , Olfactory Pathways/physiology , Olfactory Receptor Neurons/cytology
6.
J Exp Biol ; 223(Pt 3)2020 02 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31932303

ABSTRACT

The general architecture of the olfactory system is highly conserved from insects to humans, but neuroanatomical and physiological differences can be observed across species. The American cockroach, inhabiting dark shelters with a rather stable olfactory landscape, is equipped with long antennae used for sampling the surrounding air-space for orientation and navigation. The antennae's exceptional length provides a wide spatial working range for odour detection; however, it is still largely unknown whether and how this is also used for mapping the structure of the olfactory environment. By selectively labelling antennal lobe projection neurons with a calcium-sensitive dye, we investigated the logic of olfactory coding in this hemimetabolous insect. We show that odour responses are stimulus specific and concentration dependent, and that structurally related odorants evoke physiologically similar responses. By using spatially confined stimuli, we show that proximal stimulations induce stronger and faster responses than distal ones. Spatially confined stimuli of the female pheromone periplanone B activate a subregion of the male macroglomerulus. Thus, we report that the combinatorial logic of odour coding deduced from holometabolous insects applies also to this hemimetabolous species. Furthermore, a fast decrease in sensitivity along the antenna, not supported by a proportionate decrease in sensillar density, suggests a neural architecture that strongly emphasizes neuronal inputs from the proximal portion of the antenna.


Subject(s)
Arthropod Antennae/physiology , Olfactory Perception/physiology , Orientation, Spatial/physiology , Periplaneta/physiology , Visual Perception/physiology , Animals , Odorants
7.
Cell Tissue Res ; 377(2): 193-214, 2019 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30828748

ABSTRACT

Vertebrates and insects are phylogenetically separated by millions of years but have commonly developed tympanal membranes for efficiently converting airborne sound to mechanical oscillation in hearing. The tympanal organ of the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, spanning 200 µm, is one of the smallest auditory organs among animals. It indirectly links to two tympana in the prothoracic tibia via tracheal vesicles. The anterior tympanal membrane is smaller and thicker than the posterior tympanal membrane and it is thought to have minor function as a sound receiver. Using differential labeling of sensory neurons/surrounding structures and three-dimensional reconstructions, we revealed that a shell-shaped chitin mass and associated tissues are hidden behind the anterior tympanal membrane. The mass, termed the epithelial core, is progressively enlarged by discharge of cylindrical chitin from epithelial cells that start to aggregate immediately after the final molt and it reaches a plateau in size after 6 days. The core, bridging between the anterior tracheal vesicle and the fluid-filled chamber containing sensory neurons, is supported by a taut membrane, suggesting the possibility that anterior displacements of the anterior tracheal vesicle are converted into fluid motion via a lever action of the core. The epithelial core did not exist in tympanal organ homologs of meso- and metathoracic legs or of nymphal legs. Taken together, the findings suggest that the epithelial core, a potential functional homolog to mammalian ossicles, underlies fine sound frequency discrimination required for adult-specific sound communications.


Subject(s)
Chitin/ultrastructure , Ear, Middle , Gryllidae , Hearing/physiology , Tympanic Membrane/ultrastructure , Animals , Ear, Middle/growth & development , Ear, Middle/ultrastructure , Gryllidae/growth & development , Gryllidae/ultrastructure
8.
Pathol Int ; 68(6): 359-366, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29603824

ABSTRACT

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) 5, a member of type II arginine methyltransferases, catalyzes the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues on histone and non-histone substrates. Although the overexpression of PRMT5 has been reported in various cancers, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been elucidated. In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of PRMT5 in surgically resected oral epithelial dysplasia (OED, n = 8), oral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN)/carcinoma in situ (CIS) (n = 11) and OSCC (n = 52) with or without contiguous OED lesions. In the normal epithelium, PRMT5 was weakly expressed in the cytoplasm of basal layer cells. In OED, OIN/CIS, and OSCC, its expression consistently and uniformly increased in the cytoplasm of dysplastic and cancer cells. Moreover, nuclear and cytoplasmic localization was detected in the invasive front of cancer cells, particularly in cases showing poor differentiation or aggressive invasion patterns. The concomitant nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of PRMT5 correlated with the loss of E-cadherin and cytokeratin 17, and the upregulation of vimentin, features that are both indicative of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PRMT5 may play a role from early oncogenesis through to the progression of OSCC, particularly in the aggressive mode of stromal invasion.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/physiology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/biosynthesis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology , Disease Progression , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/enzymology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Neoplasms/enzymology , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/analysis , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
9.
Acta Med Okayama ; 72(6): 611-614, 2018 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30573918

ABSTRACT

The oropharynx is examined with a light source such as an electric light, a penlight, or a forehead mirror based on an acquired visual field using a tongue depressor. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain objective and reproducible images of tissue within the pharynx required in recent years with these methods, and insufficient progress in the examination tools has been made. There is an increasing need to develop a method for display during oropharyngeal examination. We conducted the present study to develop a novel oropharyngeal endoscope as an objective observation method.


Subject(s)
Endoscopes , Equipment Design , Oropharynx/diagnostic imaging , Oropharynx/pathology , Otolaryngology/instrumentation , Clinical Protocols , Humans
10.
J Craniofac Surg ; 29(1): e18-e20, 2018 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28968316

ABSTRACT

In this clinical report, we present the management of a brain abscess that was presumed to be caused by radiation osteomyelitis of the mandible. The patient underwent chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma on the left side at the Department of Otolaryngology of our hospital in 2000. Local recurrence or metastasis did not occur post-treatment. In January 2009, the patient was diagnosed with radiation osteomyelitis of the mandible on the left side, complicated by a pathologic fracture. In July 2011, numbness occurred in the left upper extremity and the patient was transferred to the emergency center of our hospital. A computed tomography scan showed a tumor lesion in the brain that was diagnosed as a brain abscess by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgeons performed burr hole drainage of the abscess, followed by administration of antibiotics. Although impaired fine movements of the left hand remain, progress has been relatively favorable with no recurrence of osteomyelitis or brain abscess post-surgery.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Brain Abscess/drug therapy , Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects , Mandibular Diseases/etiology , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Radiation Injuries/drug therapy , Brain Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Brain Abscess/etiology , Brain Abscess/surgery , Drainage , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Mandible/radiation effects , Mandibular Diseases/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Radiation Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Radiation Injuries/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/adverse effects
11.
Jpn J Clin Oncol ; 47(1): 47-53, 2017 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27677662

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Little is known about quality of life and functional status of patients with terminally ill head and neck cancers. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study to examine quality of life and functional status in terminally ill head and neck cancer patients. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 72 were observed until death. There was no significant difference in the quality of life score between baseline and Week 3. Forty patients (54.9%) could speak and 22 patients (30.5%) could have oral intake upon study entry. Fifty-three patients (74.6%) received enteral nutrition. Twenty-six patients (36.6%) required dressing changes for fungating tumors. The route of nutritional intake (nasogastric tube vs. percutaneous gastric tube) might be predictive for the duration of hospital stay (64 vs. 21 days, P = 0.0372). CONCLUSION: There was no significant relationship between quality of life and functional status seen in this study. Feeding tube type could have the most impact on quality of life.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Quality of Life , Adult , Aged , Enteral Nutrition , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality , Health Status , Humans , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Japan , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Survival Rate , Terminally Ill , Tertiary Care Centers
12.
Int J Clin Oncol ; 22(6): 1001-1008, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28624863

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic outcomes of total pharyngolaryngectomy with those of concomitant chemoradiotherapy in advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. METHODS: This is a retrospective multi-institutional study. The medical records of 979 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, who were initially treated between 2006 and 2008, were reviewed. In this study, we matched a group of total pharyngolaryngectomy patients with a second group of chemoradiotherapy patients, according to age, gender, subsite, arytenoid fixation, cartilage invasion, and N classification, and analyzed overall survival, disease-specific survival, and locoregional control rates. RESULTS: The matched-pair analysis included 254 patients. The 5-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, and locoregional control rates were 58.5% and 53.5% (P = 0.30), 68.9% and 68.0% (P = 0.80), and 82.2% and 63.6% (P < 0.01), respectively, for patients in the total pharyngolaryngectomy and chemoradiotherapy groups. For T4a patients with cartilage invasion, the matched-pair analysis included 46 patients. The 5-year overall survival, disease-specific, and locoregional control rates were 56.5% and 26.0% (P = 0.092), 56.5% and 41.3% (P = 0.629), and 43.0% and 42.5% (P = 0.779), respectively, for patients in the total pharyngolaryngectomy and chemoradiotherapy groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this large-scale multi-institutional joint research program of hypopharyngeal cancer in Japan suggest that chemoradiotherapy may provide adequate survival benefit for hypopharyngeal cancer patients with the distinct advantage of larynx preservation. Our data also suggest that chemoradiotherapy is as beneficial as total pharyngolaryngectomy for the local control of locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.


Subject(s)
Chemoradiotherapy/methods , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Asian People , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngectomy/methods , Larynx/surgery , Male , Matched-Pair Analysis , Middle Aged , Organ Sparing Treatments/methods , Pharyngectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
13.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 75(2): 439.e1-439.e6, 2017 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27842216

ABSTRACT

Immediate reconstruction of orbitomaxillary defects is challenging for head and neck reconstructive surgeons. The primary goals of orbitomaxillary reconstruction are to cover the skin and mucosal defects, fill the defect space, and reconstruct the natural facial contour. This report describes 2 patients who underwent extended orbitomaxillectomy and immediate reconstruction using a combined latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous and scapular angle osseous free flap (LD-SA flap). The LD-SA flap has substantial advantages, such as providing structural support to the malar prominence, filling the large soft tissue defect, and preventing postoperative drooping of the cheek. The surgical technique is relatively straightforward, requires a shorter operative time, and produces less blood loss compared with other reconstruction approaches. The LD-SA flap is a useful option for extended orbitomaxillary defect reconstruction.


Subject(s)
Maxilla/surgery , Myocutaneous Flap/surgery , Orbit/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Scapula/surgery , Superficial Back Muscles/transplantation , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Humans , Male , Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/surgery , Middle Aged
14.
J Craniofac Surg ; 28(2): e141-e144, 2017 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28027175

ABSTRACT

A 1-day-old male infant was referred to our department for evaluation of multiple malformations in his oral cavity. He was diagnosed duplication of the pituitary gland-plus syndrome with epignathus, cleft palate, duplication of the mandible, and a lobulated tongue. A thumb-sized mass lesion was visible on the hard palate. The duplicated mandible and lower lip was fused at the midline. The alveolar ridge was protruding through a wide-cleft soft palate involving the uvula. Further examination showed a lobulated tongue, which was seen behind the duplicated part of the mandible. Five days after birth, tracheotomy and epignathus resection were performed. At 7 months of age, the excess tissue of the duplicated mandible was resected at the area of adhesion on the lingual side, and the duplicated tongue and lip were reconstructed. A palatoplasty was performed at 20 months of age. Thereafter, the patient's progress was uneventful, with no abnormality in swallowing. No recurrence of epignathus has been observed during 2 years of follow-up.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/surgery , Cleft Palate/surgery , Mandible/surgery , Palatal Neoplasms/surgery , Pituitary Gland/abnormalities , Teratoma/surgery , Tongue/surgery , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Lip/abnormalities , Lip/surgery , Male , Mandible/abnormalities , Palate, Hard/pathology , Palate, Hard/surgery , Palate, Soft/abnormalities , Palate, Soft/surgery , Syndrome , Tongue/abnormalities
15.
Cell Tissue Res ; 366(3): 549-572, 2016 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27586586

ABSTRACT

Hemipteran insects use sophisticated vibrational communications by striking body appendages on the substrate or by oscillating the abdominal tymbal. There has been, however, little investigation of sensory channels for processing vibrational signals. Using sensory nerve stainings and low invasive confocal analyses, we demonstrate the comprehensive neuronal mapping of putative vibration-responsive chordotonal organs (COs) in stink bugs (Pentatomidae and Cydinidae) and cicadas (Cicadidae). The femoral CO (FCO) in stink bugs consists of ventral and dorsal scoloparia, homologous to distal and proximal scoloparia in locusts, which are implicated in joint movement detection and vibration detection, respectively. The ligament of the dorsal scoloparium is distally attached to the accessory extensor muscle, whereas that of the ventral scoloparium is attached to a specialized tendon. Their afferents project to the dorso-lateral neuropil and the central region of the medial ventral association center (mVAC) in the ipsilateral neuromere, where presumed dorsal scoloparium afferents and subgenual organ afferents are largely intermingled. In contrast, FCOs in cicadas have decreased dorsal scoloparium neurons and lack projections to the mVAC. The tymbal CO of stink bugs contains four sensory neurons that are distally attached to fat body cells via a ligament. Their axons project intersegmentally to the dorsal region of mVACs in all neuromeres. Together with comparisons of COs in different insect groups, the results suggest that hemipteran COs have undergone structural modification for achieving faster signaling of resonating peripheral tissues. The conserved projection patterns of COs suggest functional importance of the FCO and subgenual organ for vibrational communications.


Subject(s)
Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Hemiptera/anatomy & histology , Neuroanatomy , Animals , Extremities/anatomy & histology , Ligaments/anatomy & histology , Models, Anatomic , Sensory Receptor Cells/cytology
16.
Z Naturforsch C J Biosci ; 71(11-12): 381-386, 2016 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27626765

ABSTRACT

Three new lupan-type triterpernoid derivatives, namely globimetulin A (1), B (2) and C (3), were isolated from the shoot of Globimetula dinklagei (Loranthaceae), a hemiparasitic plant growing on Manihot esculenta, along with five known compounds: friedelin (4), friedelan-3-ol (5), 28-hydroxyfriedelin (6), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (7) and (1R,5S,7S)-7-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one (8). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analyses of their MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectral data and chemical evidence. Some of these compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activities against a wide range of microorganisms, but none of them exhibited noticeable activity.


Subject(s)
Triterpenes/isolation & purification , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Triterpenes/chemistry , Triterpenes/pharmacology
18.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol ; 124(8): 609-13, 2015 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25678671

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Blue nevus is a benign dermal melanocyte tumor that mainly arises from the skin. We report an extremely rare case of blue nevus in a pediatric patient with extensive progression from the middle ear and inner ear to the nasopharynx through the Eustachian tube. CASE REPORT: A 2-year-old girl with blue tympanum was referred to our department. Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, followed by a tissue biopsy and histopathologic evaluations. Radiologic examinations revealed that the lesion had progressed beyond the middle ear into the inner ear and the nasopharynx through the Eustachian tube. Subsequent histopathologic examinations indicated dermal dendritic melanocytic proliferations, but no evidence of malignancy. Based on the clinical and histopathologic findings, we concluded that the lesion was consistent with blue nevus. DISCUSSION: Blue nevus is a relatively common skin lesion. However, no prior reports have described the extension of blue nevus from the auditory organ to the nasopharynx in a pediatric patient. Despite the benign nature of the lesion, the patient experienced profound hearing loss in the affected ear, which necessitates continued monitoring as the lesion may expand with patient growth.


Subject(s)
Ear, Middle/pathology , Hearing Loss, Unilateral , Nasopharynx/pathology , Nevus, Blue , Skin Neoplasms , Tympanic Membrane Perforation , Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods , Biopsy , Cell Proliferation , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Progression , Ear, Inner/pathology , Eustachian Tube/pathology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Female , Hearing Loss, Unilateral/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Unilateral/etiology , Humans , Langerhans Cells/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Melanocytes/pathology , Monitoring, Physiologic , Nevus, Blue/complications , Nevus, Blue/pathology , Nevus, Blue/physiopathology , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/diagnosis , Tympanic Membrane Perforation/etiology
19.
J Craniofac Surg ; 26(6): e539-42, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26335321

ABSTRACT

The natural mandible has 2 arcs, the marginal arc and the occlusal arc. The marginal arc is situated along the lower margin of the mandible and affects the contour of the lower third of the face. The occlusal arc is situated along the dental arc and affects the stability of prosthodontics. The gap between these 2 arcs widens in the molar area. Our developed concept of "double arc reconstruction" involves making these 2 arcs for the reconstructed mandible. For the double-barrel fibula reconstruction, 2 bone segments are used to make both arcs. For reconstructions using the iliac crest, the double arc is made by inclination of the top of the bone graft toward the lingual side. Ten patients underwent double arc reconstruction: 2 underwent reconstruction with the double-barrel fibula, and 8 underwent reconstruction with the iliac crest. Four patients had a removable denture prosthesis, 1 had an osseointegrated dental implant, and 5 did not require further prosthodontic treatment. The shape of the reconstructed mandible after double arc reconstruction resembles the native mandible, and masticatory function is good with the use of a dental implant or removable denture prosthesis, or even without prosthodontics.


Subject(s)
Bone Transplantation/methods , Dental Arch/surgery , Mandible/surgery , Mandibular Reconstruction/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Dental Implants , Denture, Partial, Removable , Fibula/transplantation , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Ilium/transplantation , Mandibular Diseases/surgery , Mandibular Neoplasms/surgery , Mastication/physiology , Middle Aged , Osteoradionecrosis/surgery , Skin Transplantation/methods
20.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 21(5): 1706-10, 2014 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24554063

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of lymph node metastasis among patients with T4 maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (MS-SCC) as well as the delayed metastasis rate and the treatment outcome for untreated N0 neck in patients with T4 MS-SCC. METHODS: Consecutive series of all patients (n = 128) with previously untreated T4 maxillary sinus SCC between 2006 and 2007 were obtained from 28 institutions belonging to or cooperating in the Head and Neck Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. RESULTS: Of the 128 patients, 28 (21.9 %) had lymph node metastasis, and six patients (4.7 %) had distant metastasis at diagnosis. Among the 111 patients who were treated with curative intent, 98 had clinically N0 neck disease and did not receive prophylactic neck irradiation. A total of 11 patients (11.2 %) subsequently developed evidence of lymph node metastasis, of whom eight were among the 83 patients with an N0 neck and had not received elective neck treatment. There were 15 patients who received an elective neck dissection as part of the initial treatment, of whom three had pathologically positive for lymph node metastases. Of 11 patients, six patients with nonlateral retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis without primary or distant disease were successfully salvaged. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the incidence of lymph node metastasis among patients with T4 MS-SCC as well as the delayed metastasis rate and the treatment outcome for untreated N0 neck in patients with T4 MS-SCC. These results will be of assistance in selecting treatment strategy for T4 MS-SCC in the future.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Maxillary Sinus/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Japan/epidemiology , Lymph Nodes/surgery , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Maxillary Sinus/surgery , Middle Aged , Neck Dissection , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies
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