Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of isolated coronary artery ectasia: A 5-year double-center retrospective study in Yazd, Iran.

Background: The prevalence of Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) varies from 0.|3 to 5% in different countries. The prevalence of CAE has varied in different parts of the world and the study of risk factors can be effective in the process of diagnosis and treatment of patients, we reviewed patients who underwent coronary angiography for 5 years to determine the prevalence of isolated CAE and its associated risk factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16600 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Shahid Sadoughi and Afshar hospitals between March 2015 to April 2020. Diagnosis and confirmation of CAE was defined as a vessel diameter greater than 1.5 times the normal diameter of the vessel, which must be confirmed by at least two cardiologists. Demographic variables, angiography and echocardiography reports were included in our final analysis. Results: Isolated CAE was diagnosed in 287 (1.7%) patients. After triple-vessel disease (53%), the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was the commonest affected vessel by ectasia 16% (46 cases). Diffuse isolated CAE was diagnosed in 52% of LAD, 76.6% of Right coronary artery (RCA), and 74.1% of left circumflex artery. A significant association was seen between the vessel involved and the nature of ectasia (p<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, the occurrence of isolated CAE was similar to other studies. This condition often affects all three major vessels of the coronary arteries, and is commonly categorized as type 1, which involves diffuse involvement of the arteries based on the Markis and Harikrishnan Classification.

Relationship between Worry, and Anger Rumination with Cardiovascular Disease Severity: Social Loneliness as a Moderator.

BACKGROUND: Biological and psychological factors contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to test the moderating effect of social loneliness in the relationship between worry and anger rumination, and CVD severity. METHODS: A total of 327 patients with CVD (138 women, 189 men) participated in this study. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), Social Loneliness Scale (SLS), and Gensini score as an indicator of CVD severity were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. RESULTS: The results of this study showed a significant positive correlation between worry (54.44 ± 12.31, r = 0.59, P < 0.01), anger rumination (46.54 ± 12.47; r = 0.36; P < 0.01), and social loneliness (28.22 ± 9.13, r = 0.65, P < 0.01) with CVD severity (15.07 ± 5.13). In other words, higher levels of worry, anger rumination, and social loneliness are associated with exacerbation of CVD. Social loneliness was a moderator in the relationship between worry and CVD severity (ΔR2 = 0.007, F= 4.2870, P < 0.05), suggesting the importance of worry in CVD severity, especially in lonely people. The main effects of worry and social loneliness on CVD severity were ß = 0.32, SE = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.2289, 0.4222, P < 0.001 and ß = 0.46, SE = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.3649, 0.5572, P < 0.001, respectively. The moderating effect of social loneliness on the relationship between worry and CVD severity was ß = 0.07; SE = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.0074, 0.1522; P < 0.001. Social loneliness was not a moderator in the relationship between anger rumination and CVD severity (ΔR2 = 0.006, F = 3.10, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that along with biological factors, attention to the role of psychological factors of worry, anger rumination, and loneliness in preventive and therapeutic interventions related to CVD is a special necessity.

Population Attributable Risk of Hyperuricemia in Hypertension Incidence in 20-74-Year-Old Population during a 10-Year Longitudinal Cohort: Yazd Healthy Heart Cohort.

BACKGROUND: The population attributable risk (PAR) percent has used widely in public health policy. We aimed to calculate the attribute risk of hypertension due to hyperuricemia by Levin's formulas compare to direct PAR calculation method. METHODS: This was a sub-study of Yazd Healthy Heart Cohort (YHHC). Overall, 1256 normotensive individuals were enrolled through multistage randomized cluster sampling and followed up for mean 9.8 years, from 2005-2015. The threshold cutoff point of the hyperuricemia was considered equal and more than 75th percentile that equal to 5.5 mg/dl for men and 4.3mg/dl for women. To calculate the attributable risk of hyperuricemia in developing hypertension, two methods were applied. Levin's formulas and direct PAR estimation by population risk calculation via exposure prevalence weighted formula. Multiple logistic regression was used for estimate of odds ratio (OR) of hyperuricemia in developing hypertension. We calculated Relative Risk (RR) from OR. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. A significant level of 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: Hypertension developed in 44.7% of individuals with uric acid level ≥ 75th percentile vs. 35.6% of other individuals (P=0.024). Attributable risk (AR) of hyperuricemia in hypertension incidence was 9.1%. PAR of hyperuricemia for hypertension incidence by using two methods mentioned before was 6%, 5.8% respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of the study confirmed the noticeable contribution of hyperuricemia as an independent other risk factor for the occurrence of hypertension. PAR of hyperuricemia for hypertension incidence by using two methods almost near was 6%, 5.8% respectively.

Ascorbic acid effect on CIN incidence in diabetic patient after coronary angiography.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the antioxidant effect of vitamin C in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in diabetic patients after catheterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a double blinded, randomized controlled trial, 90 diabetic patients who were referred for cardiac catheterization were randomly allocated into two arms of vitamin C (A) and placebo (B). The treatment arm (A) received 2 g of vitamin C orally 2 h before catheterization and the control group (B) received 2 g of oral placebo. Six hours before catheterization, patients received fluid resuscitation with normal saline (CIN was considered as a 25% rise in creatinine (Cr) level or an increase of 0.5 mg/dL in earlier creatinine). CIN was compared between groups. Before andthree days after catheterization. Serum Bun - Cr was measured and GFR were calculated. The results were compared between the two groups. Six hours before catheterization, patients received fluid resuscitation with normal saline CIN was compare between arms. RESULTS: Mean GFR in group (A) before procedure was respectively 69.82±19.26 and after the treatment was 81.51±27.40 (P=0.001). But in group (B) it was 74.18±24.41 and 75.20±29.65 (P=0.747). Contrast-induced nephropathy was observed in 10 patients (12.3%) including 3 patients (7.7%) in group (A) and (16.7%, 7 patients) in group (B) (P=0.315). CONCLUSION: Ascorbic acid intake in diabetic patients prior to use of contrast agents can be effective in maintaining GFR, but the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy is not associated with the consumption of ascorbic acid.

Endovascular treatment of post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms of ulnar and radial artery.

Aneurysm can develop in all arteries of the human body. Pseudoaneurysm induced by trauma is known as a rare condition in peripheral arteries. This complication is known as late sequelae of trauma. The incidence of pseudoaneurysm in upper extremities artery is less than lower extremities. Atherosclerotic aneurysms are often seen in large arteries and by aging, but pseudoaneurysm can be seen in penetrating or blunt trauma in patients of every age or every location. Delayed treatment of pseudoaneurysm leads to bleeding, venous edema at the extremities and compression on the adjacent nerve as a result of pseudoaneurysm enlargement. Early diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm is very important, because this complication can induce disabilities such as upper extremities and finger loss. Peripheral arteries pseudoaneurysm in distal locations especially in brachial artery and forearm can cause a thrombotic complication in hands and fingers.

Relación entre el volumen plaquetario medio y la gravedad de la enfermedad arterial coronaria / Relationship between mean platelet volume and gravity of coronary artery disease

RESUMEN: Antecedentes y objetivos: Las plaquetas desempeñan un papel principal en la patogénesis de las enfermedades de las arterias coronarias. El volumen plaquetario medio (VPM) es un indicador del volumen plaquetario circulante y se ha demostrado que está relacionado con la actividad plaquetaria. El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar si el VPM está asociado con la gravedad de la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Métodos: Medimos VPM en 910 pacientes consecutivos con síndrome coronario agudo sintomático sometidos a angiografía coronaria. Se recogieron los datos básicos de los pacientes. La enfermedad coronaria significativa se definió como una estenosis >50% en al menos 1 vaso coronario y la gravedad como la enfermedad de tres vasos y/o la enfermedad del tronco de la coronaria izquierda. Resultados: Este estudio incluyó 477 (52,4%) hombres y 433 (47,6%) mujeres. Los resultados mostraron una relación significativa entre el VPM y la gravedad de la enfermedad arterial coronaria (P=0,001) y un modelo de regresión logística confirmó que el aumento de cada unidad en el volumen plaquetario medio puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad arterial coronaria grave en 4,67%. Encontramos que el VPM es mayor en los pacientes de sexo masculino y fumador de cigarrillos. Conclusión: El VPM está relacionado con la gravedad de la enfermedad arterial coronaria, y podría ser un parámetro útil para la evaluación primaria de la gravedad del compromiso de las arterias coronarias en pacientes con síntomas de enfermedad coronaria.

ABSTRACT: Background and aim: Platelets play a principal role in pathogenesis of coronary artery diseases. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of circulating platelet size and has been demonstrated to be correlated with platelet activity. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether MPV is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease. Methods: We measured MPV in 910 consecutive patients with symptomatic acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary angiography. The basic data of patients were collected. Significant coronary artery disease was defined as >50% stenosis in at least 1 coronary artery and severe coronary artery disease was defined as three vessel disease and/or left main artery disease. Results: This study included 477 (52.4%) males and 433(47.6%) females. A significant relationship between MPV and severity of coronary artery disease (p= 0.001) was found. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that each unit increment in mean platelet volume was associated to a 4.67% increase in the in the risk of severe coronary artery disease. In addition, we found that MPV was higher in males and in cigarette smokers. Conclusion: This study showed that MPV is related to severity of coronary artery disease. MPV might be a useful parameter for primary evaluation of severity of coronary artery involvement in patients with symptoms of coronary artery diseases.

Incidence and Main Determinants of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy following Coronary Angiography or Subsequent Balloon Angioplasty.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patient assessment by imaging studies using contrast media is currently replacing open procedures, especially in high-risk patients. However, the use of such contrast media might result in acute events and injuries after the procedure. In the present study, we first determined the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in a sample of Iranian patients who candidated for coronary angiography and/or angioplasty, and then assessed major risk factors predicting the appearance of CIN following these procedures. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty consecutive, eligible patients scheduled for coronary angiography and/or angioplasty at the Afshar Hospital in Yazd between January 2009 and August 2010 were considered for enrollment. Renal function was measured at baseline and 48 h after the intervention, and CIN was defined by an increase in creatinine of >0.5 mg/dl or 25% of the initial value. The predictive role of potential risk factors was determined in a multivariate model adjusted for comorbidities, preexisting renal impairment, and angiographic data. RESULTS: CIN following coronary angiography or angioplasty appeared in 12.8% of the cases. A myocardial infarction before the procedure (OR = 2.121, p = 0.036) and a prior history of hypertension (OR = 2.789, p = 0.025) predicted the appearance of acute renal failure following angiography or subsequent angioplasty. A low estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline slightly predicted CIN after these interventions. CONCLUSION: Transient acute renal dysfunction occurred in 12.8% of the patients within 48 h after angiography or subsequent angioplasty and could be predicted by a myocardial infarction before the procedure or by a prior history of systolic hypertension.

Trans-catheter therapy of Lutembacher syndrome: a case report.

Lutembacher syndrome refers to the rare combination of a congenital atrial septal defect and acquired mitral stenosis. Traditionally, Lutembacher syndrome has been corrected by surgical treatment. We describe two patients treated percutaneouly with a combined Inoue balloon valvuloplasty and septal defect closure using the Amplatzer septal occlusion device.

Management of iatrogenic rupture of profunda femoris artery after femoral fracture fixation with stent graft implantation.

Vascular injuries with acute or chronic arterial hemorrhage after femoral shaft fractures are a rare but a life-threatening complication. We observed a case of iatrogenic rupture of the profunda femoris artery after the internal fixation of a femoral shaft fracture. The pseudoaneurysm, presenting with painful expansile swelling and hemodynamic instability, together with the rupture was evident on femoral angiography. Endovascular stent graft placement was performed successfully, and there was no sign or symptom at 9 months' follow-up.