Gender and non-communicable diseases in Mexico: a political mapping and stakeholder analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) present a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with gender-differentiated risk factors and access to prevention, diagnosis and care. However, the political agenda in LMICs as it relates to health and gender is primarily focused on sexual and reproductive health rights and preventing violence against women. This research article analyses public policies related to gender and NCDs, identifying political challenges in the current response to women's health needs, and opportunities to promote interventions that recognize the role of gender in NCDs and NCD care in Mexico. METHODS: We carried out a political mapping and stakeholder analysis during July-October of 2022, based on structured desk research and interviews with eighteen key stakeholders related to healthcare, gender and NCDs in Mexico. We used the PolicyMaker V5 software to identify obstacles and opportunities to promote interventions that recognize the role of gender in NCDs and NCD care, from the perspective of the political stakeholders interviewed. RESULTS: We found as a political obstacle that policies and stakeholders addressing NCDs do not take a gender perspective, while policies and stakeholders addressing gender equality do not adequately consider NCDs. The gendered social and economic aspects of the NCD burden are not widely understood, and the multi-sectoral approach needed to address these aspects is lacking. Economic obstacles show that budget cuts exacerbated by the pandemic are a significant obstacle to social protection mechanisms to support those caring for people living with NCDs. CONCLUSIONS: Moving towards an effective, equity-promoting health and social protection system requires the government to adopt an intersectoral, gender-based approach to the prevention and control of NCDs and the burden of NCD care. Despite significant resource constraints, policy innovation may be possible given the willingness among some stakeholders to collaborate, particularly in the labour and legal sectors. However, care will be needed to ensure the implementation of new policies has a positive impact on both gender equity and health outcomes. Research on successful approaches in other contexts can help to identify relevant learnings for Mexico.

Adolescent use of outpatient health services in Mexico: their health needs and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate adolescent use of outpatient services, identifying their health needs and associated socioeconomic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using data from Ensanut 2018-2019, adolescents (ages 10-19) with health needs and those receiving care from health personnel (users) were identified. Needs were analyzed by sex and socioeconomic status (SES). Logistic models were used to assess the factors associated with the use of health care and choice of provider. RESULTS: 6% of adolescents reported health needs, of whom 64% used outpatient services. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections were the principal health needs prompting use of services overall. However, by SES, motivations centered on pregnancy for the poor and accidental injuries for the wealthy. One in three adolescents with health needs, particularly the poorest, received no care. Living with a partner and having health insurance were the main predictors of use. Greater schooling among household heads and higher SES correlated with the use of private services. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being aware of their health needs, adolescents are the group that uses health services the least in Mexico. Promoting preventative and timely treatment for this population would encourage youths to seek care more often.

Factores socioculturales de la vulnerabilidad al sobrepeso durante los primeros años de vida en México.

OBJETIVO: Analizar el rol de los factores socioeconómicos y culturales en la vulnerabilidad a la obesidad en madres y sus hijos menores de dos años, en localidades del Sur de Morelos, México. Material y métodos. Se realizó trabajo de campo y observación no participativa. Durante 2019, se aplicaron 17 entrevistas semiestructuradas a una submuestra de una cohorte. Los datos fueron ordenados y analizados con apoyo del software Atlas-Ti v. 7, usando 18 códigos libres. RESULTADOS: Factores sociales como los ingresos del hogar y los roles de género, combinados con la influencia de la parentela y las creencias sobre la preferencia de la niñez por productos ultraprocesados, predisponen la disponibilidad de bebidas y alimentos calóricos que generan vulnerabilidad a la obesidad durante la infancia temprana. La actividad eco-nómica de las madres, la participación de los padres y evitar influencia de parientes puede predisponer una mejor calidad de los alimentos y mayor actividad física. CONCLUSIONES: La baja disponibilidad de alimentos saludables, los riesgos de inseguridad alimentaria y los factores familiares y culturales, que se presentan en contextos de vulnerabilidad económica y social, incrementan la vulnerabilidad del binomio madre-hijo a la obesidad.

[Eating Disorders assessment and care : a clinical experience in Geneva]. / Evaluation et prise en charge des troubles du comportement alimentaire : une expérience clinique à Genève.

In order to meet the needs of patients suffering from eating disorders and to follow the guidelines of experts, the specialised program for eating disorders of Liaison psychiatry and crisis intervention service in Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) has developed a detailed evaluation (multifactorial and multidisciplinary) and a program with a continuum between outpatient treatment, day care and hospitalisations. The psychotherapy is individualized and goals are regularly assessed. Somatic factors are part of evaluation and care in collaboration with general practitioners but weight (gain or loss) is not the only improvement target. Psychiatric treatment is multidisciplinary and takes into account patient's personal environment, social inclusion and the frequent psychological comorbidities.

Afin de répondre au mieux aux besoins des patients souffrant de troubles alimentaires, tout en tenant compte des recommandations d'organismes experts, les Espaces de soins pour les troubles du comportement alimentaire (ESCAL) du Service de psychiatrie de liaison et intervention de crise des HUG ont mis sur pied une évaluation approfondie (multifactorielle et multidisciplinaire), ainsi qu'un programme spécialisé avec des intensités de soins individualisées et des objectifs de prise en charge régulièrement réévalués. Les facteurs somatiques font partie intégrante de l'évaluation et de la prise en charge en collaboration avec les médecins généralistes mais le poids n'est pas le seul facteur d'évolution. Le suivi psychiatrique est multidisciplinaire et prend en compte l'entourage du patient, son insertion sociale, ainsi que les comorbidités psychiques qui sont fréquentes.

Evaluating anorexia-related brain atrophy using MP2RAGE-based morphometry.

AIM: To evaluate brain atrophy in anorexic patients by automated cerebral segmentation with the magnetization-prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP2RAGE) MRI sequence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients (female; mean age, 27.9 years), presenting consecutively for brain MRI between August 2014-December 2016 with clinical suspicion of anorexia nervosa and BMI<18.5 kg/m2 were included. Controls were ten healthy females (mean age, 26.5 years). Automated brain morphometry was performed based on MP2RAGE. Means of morphometric results in the two groups were compared and correlation with BMI was analysed. RESULTS: Significantly lower volumes of total brain, grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebellum and insula were found in anorexic patients. Anorexics had higher volumes of CSF, ventricles, lateral ventricles and third ventricle. When adjusted means for weight and height were compared, the volume of WM and cerebellum were not significantly different. However, volume of WM was significantly affected by weight and positively correlated with BMI. Significant positive correlations were found between BMI and volumes of total brain, GM, cortical GM and WM. BMI was negatively correlated with volumes of CSF and third ventricle. CONCLUSION: Brain atrophy was demonstrated in anorexic patients with MP2RAGE-based automated segmentation, which seems to reliably estimate brain volume. KEY POINTS: • Automated brain segmentation based on 3-D MRI seems to reliably estimate brain volume. • This technique detected brain atrophy in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. • Brain changes in anorexia nervosa can be quantitatively and qualitatively followed-up by MRI.

Mobile App for Enhanced Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Assessment in Conscious Subjects: "Pivot-Shift Meter".

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) instability poses a considerable challenge in traumatology and orthopedic medicine, demanding precise diagnostics for optimal treatment. The pivot-shift test, a pivotal assessment tool, relies on subjective interpretation, emphasizing the need for supplementary imaging. This study addresses this limitation by introducing a machine learning classification algorithm integrated into a mobile application, leveraging smartphones' built-in inertial sensors for dynamic rotational stability assessment during knee examinations. Orthopedic specialists conducted knee evaluations on a cohort of 52 subjects, yielding valuable insights. Quantitative analyses, employing the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), demonstrated robust agreement in both intraobserver and interobserver assessments. Specifically, ICC values of 0.94 reflected strong concordance in the timing between maneuvers, while signal amplitude exhibited consistency, with the ICC ranging from 0.71 to 0.66. The introduced machine learning algorithms proved effective, accurately classifying 90% of cases exhibiting joint hypermobility. These quantifiable results underscore the algorithm's reliability in assessing knee stability. This study emphasizes the practicality and effectiveness of implementing machine learning algorithms within a mobile application, showcasing its potential as a valuable tool for categorizing signals captured by smartphone inertial sensors during the pivot-shift test.

Use of Outpatient Health Services by Mexicans Aged 15 Years and Older, According to Ethnicity.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of health needs and use of outpatient services for indigenous (IP) and non-indigenous (NIP) populations aged ≥15 years, and to explore the associated factors and types of need. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey. The population aged ≥15 years who had health needs and used outpatient services was identified. Logistic models were developed to explore the factors underlying the use of outpatient services. For both populations, being a woman increased the likelihood of using health services, and having health insurance was the most important variable in explaining the use of public health services. Compared to the NIP, a lower proportion of IP reported health needs during the month prior to the survey (12.8% vs. 14.7%); a higher proportion refrained from using outpatient services (19.6% vs. 12.6%); and a slightly higher proportion used public health services (56% vs. 55.4%). For the NIP, older age and belonging to a household that had received cash transfers from a social program, had few members, a high socioeconomic level, and a head with no educational lag, all increased the likelihood of using public health services. It is crucial to implement strategies that both increase the use of public health services by the IP and incorporate health-insurance coverage as a universal right.

Innovative knee surgery: arthroscopic double bundle U-DOS reverse Technique for PCL tears.

The Double Bundle U-DOS Reverse Technique for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears is a novel arthroscopic technique that combines two well-known procedures: the mono-tunnel approach and the medial-portal approach, provides better posterior stability, improved functional outcomes, and a reduced risk of posterior tibial subluxation. This technique allows for the simultaneous treatment of anterolateral and posteromedial bundles and has been successfully performed on 16 patients, with follow-up showing sufficient support and resistance to posterior tibial subluxation or excessive displacement, resulting in a stable knee joint.

Spontaneous Recovery of Paraplegia in a Polytrauma Patient following Spinal Cord Ischemia due to Type B Traumatic Aortic Dissection.

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening acute condition characterized by the separation of the aortic wall's layers. It is caused by a tear in the internal vascular wall (intimal layer and middle layer), which results in bleeding between the layers and causes abrupt and excruciating pain. The appropriate consideration must be given to the condition's dynamic nature, and variations in clinical presentation, without neglecting the urgency for intervention. In this case study, a 65-year-old male engaged in a car accident is admitted to urgent care with a traumatic aortic dissection diagnosis that included the aortic arch, a segmental exposed fracture of 1/3 distal of the right femur AO 32C3k, and an intertrochanteric fracture AO 31A1.3. The patient developed transient paraplegia as the initial manifestation of acute aortic dissection, which represents a high mortality and morbidity entity without adequate and prompt treatment, and prompt diagnosis and management were critical. A patient with severe thoracic and abdominal trauma caused by high-energy injury should be properly evaluated for the possibility of traumatic aortic dissection. The endovascular aortic repair was performed, resulting in a positive clinical evolution due to the important participation of the multidisciplinary trauma team involved in patient management and prompted decision-making.

Noncontiguous Multifocal Spondylodiscitis in 3 Regions of the Spine.

Spondylodiscitis is an uncommon infectious disease of the spine, usually presenting in 1 or 2 contiguous levels, associated with risk factors such as diabetes, intravenous drugs, corticosteroids, and invasive procedures. The most common presentation is pain with nonspecific systemic manifestations. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion, laboratories, and imaging studies. Urgent treatment is important due to the high morbid mortality associated with sepsis or a fulminant disease course. We report the case of a 39-year-old female diagnosed with noncontiguous multifocal spondylodiscitis, in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. The patient initially presented with back pain, inability to walk and severe neurological deficit in the upper and lower extremities, upon diagnosis broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated. A staged surgical approach was performed in the 3 spine segments. During the 6 month follow-up, the patient presented walking with assistance, with the recovery of strength in the upper and lower extremities.

Comparación cuantitativa de la ejecución de la maniobra de Lachman para su estandarización a través de software para dispositivo móvil / Quantitative comparison of the execution of the Lachman maneuver for its standardization through software for mobile devices

Introducción: la maniobra de Lachman es ampliamente empleada como recurso diagnóstico para detectar lesiones en el ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) y, por su simplicidad, se tiende a pensar que no existe una variabilidad significativa en su ejecución. El presente estudio comparativo está centrado en utilizar los sensores integrados en un dispositivo móvil para encontrar, a través del índice de correlación intraclase, si las variaciones tanto intraobservador como interobservador son significativas. Materiales y métodos: se efectuaron dos ensayos llamados "Lachmatón", con doce residentes de ortopedia a modo de evaluadores y sujetos de prueba; el primer ensayo ayudó a identificar y describir las diferencias de los gestos de ejecución entre los evaluadores, mientras que el segundo permitió medir el incremento de la similitud de ejecución entre estos al ser instruidos, en contraste con el primer ensayo, donde no habían recibido ninguna instrucción; esto fue posible al medir la similitud características estadísticas y morfológicas de las señales adquiridas a través del índice de correlación intraclase. Resultados: se identificaron dos gestos importantes y que emiten señales con distinta forma al aplicarse, o no, a la ejecución de la maniobra: 1) fijar el pie y, 2) fijar el fémur. Se encontró una diferencia significativa entre ambos ensayos, así como entre los dos estilos más usados por los evaluadores. Conclusión: el uso de los sensores integrados en un dispositivo móvil para medir diferencias en la ejecución de la maniobra de Lachman ayudó a determinar los gestos que permiten una mayor reproducibilidad de esta maniobra. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Introduction: the Lachman maneuver was amplified as a diagnostic resource to detect injuries in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and it tends to be thought, due to its simplicity, that there is no significant accumulation in its execution. This comparative study focuses on using the sensors integrated into a mobile device to find out whether the intraobserver or interobserver variations are significant, through the intraclass correlation coefficient. Materials and methods: two trials called "Lachmatón" will be carried out with twelve orthopedic residents as evaluators and test subjects; the first trial helped to identify and describe the differences in performance gestures between raters, while the second allowed measuring the increase in performance similarity between raters as instructors, in contrast to the first trial, where neither could instruction; This was possible by measuring the similarity of the statistical and morphological characteristics of the signals obtained through the intraclass achievement index.Results: two important gestures were identified, which emit signals in different ways when applied or not to the execution of the maneuver: 1) fix the foot and, 2) fix the femur. You will find that there is a significant difference between you and the evaluators. Conclusion: the use of sensors integrated into a mobile device to measure differences in the execution of the Lachman maneuver helped to determine the gestures that allow a greater reproducibility of this maneuver. Level of Evidence: III

Persistent severe depressive episode with mood-congruent psychotic features associated with left temporal ischemia.

OBJECTIVE: The authors describe the case of a patient suffering from a persistent severe depressive episode with mood-congruent psychotic features following left temporal ischemia. BACKGROUND: Depression is a frequent disorder that may stem from psychosocial factors or occur after brain damage. Cases of poststroke depression with associated psychotic symptoms are rarely described in the literature, and, to our knowledge, no case of depression with psychotic symptoms in the presence of a focal lesion has yet been reported. METHOD: History included psychiatric, neurologic, and neuropsychological as well as EEG data and CT scan and magnetic resonance images. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Neurologic and psychiatric dimensions may be associated and difficult to disentangle, even when the patient presents the classic symptoms of a depressive disorder. This case underlines the importance of investigating possible neurologic signs or symptoms, even when the psychiatric presentation is prototypical of a determined mental disorder. This may be crucial for the patient's evolution.