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1.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 27: e240016, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38655945

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the rate of tuberculosis recurrence, estimate its average time until recurrence, and identify factors associated with recurrence in Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study with a linked database from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The study included individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2015, focusing on those who experienced their first recurrence within 6.5 years. We estimated the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI), as well as the population attributable fraction (PAF) or the population preventable fraction (PPF) of associated factors. RESULTS: Within a 6.5-year period, 3,253 individuals (6.5%) experienced tuberculosis recurrence, with a median time of 2.2 years. Positively associated factors included: male sex (RR: 1.4; 95%CI 1.3-1.5; PAF: 22.9%), age 30 to 59 years (RR: 3.0; 95%CI 1.6-5.7; PAF: 36.0%), black race (RR: 1.3; 95%CI 1.2-1.5; PAF: 3.5%), mixed race (RR: 1.3; 95%CI 1.2-1.4; PAF: 10.6%), deprivation of liberty (RR: 1.9; 95%CI 1.7-2.1; PAF: 9.1%), pulmonary/mixed clinical form (RR: 1.7; 95%CI 1.4-1.9; PAF: 37.1%), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis (RR: 1.8; 95%CI 1.5-1.9; PAF: 4.3%), and alcohol use (RR: 1.2; 95%CI 1.1-1.3; PAF: 2.9%). Negatively associated factors were: 12 or more years of schooling (RR: 0.5; 95%CI 0.4-0.6; PPF: 3.3%) and supervised treatment (RR: 0.9; 95%CI 0.8-0.9; PPF: 4.4%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed high tuberculosis recurrence rates in Brazil, influenced by sociodemographic, compartmental, and social factors, both positively and negatively impacting disease recurrence.


Subject(s)
Recurrence , Tuberculosis , Humans , Male , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Time Factors , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Risk Factors , Databases, Factual , Child , Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Child, Preschool , Infant
2.
Rev Saude Publica ; 58: 10, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38656045

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the geospatialization of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, from 2010 to 2021, and the correlation with socioeconomic, housing, and health indicators. METHODS: An ecological study of Brazilian municipalities and states, with data from HIV and tuberculosis information systems, previously reported by the Ministry of Health. The crude and smoothed coefficients were calculated by the local empirical Bayesian method of incidence of coinfection per 100,000 inhabitants in the population aged between 18 and 59 years. Univariate (identification of clusters) and bivariate (correlation with 20 indicators) Moran's indices were used. RESULTS: A total of 122,223 cases of coinfection were registered in Brazil from 2010 to 2021, with a mean coefficient of 8.30/100,000. The South (11.44/100,000) and North (9.93/100,000) regions concentrated the highest burden of infections. The coefficients dropped in Brazil, in all regions, in the years of covid-19 (2020 and 2021). The highest coefficients were observed in the municipalities of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Amazonas, with high-high clusters in the capitals, border regions, coast of the country. The municipalities belonging to the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Paraná, and Piauí showed low-low clusters. There was a direct correlation with human development indices and aids rates, as well as an indirect correlation with the proportion of poor or of those vulnerable to poverty and the Gini index. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial analysis of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection showed heterogeneity in the Brazilian territory and constant behavior throughout the period, revealing clusters with high-burden municipalities, especially in large urban centers and in states with a high occurrence of HIV and/or tuberculosis. These findings, in addition to alerting to the effects of the covid-19 pandemic, can incorporate strategic planning for the control of coinfection, aiming to eliminate these infections as public health problems by 2030.


Subject(s)
Coinfection , HIV Infections , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/complications , Coinfection/epidemiology , Adult , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Young Adult , Female , Male , Incidence , Bayes Theorem , Spatial Analysis , Cluster Analysis , COVID-19/epidemiology
3.
J Bras Pneumol ; 50(2): e20240018, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38808830

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of tuberculosis cure indicators in Brazil. METHODS: An ecological time-series study using administrative data of reported cases of the disease nationwide between 2001 and 2022. We estimated cure indicators for each federative unit (FU) considering individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and those in tuberculosis retreatment. We used regression models using joinpoint regression for trend analysis, reporting the annual percentage change and the average annual percentage change. RESULTS: For the three groups analyzed, we observed heterogeneity in the annual percentage change in the Brazilian FUs, with a predominance of significantly decreasing trends in the cure indicator in most FUs, especially at the end of the time series. When considering national indicators, an average annual percentage change of -0.97% (95% CI: -1.23 to -0.74) was identified for the cure of people with pulmonary tuberculosis, of -1.11% (95% CI: -1.42 to -0.85) for the cure of people with tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and of -1.44% (95% CI: -1.62 to -1.31) for the cure of people in tuberculosis retreatment. CONCLUSIONS: The decreasing trends of cure indicators in Brazil are concerning and underscore a warning to public authorities, as it points to the possible occurrence of other treatment outcomes, such as treatment discontinuity and death. This finding contradicts current public health care policies and requires urgent strategies aiming to promote follow-up of patients during tuberculosis treatment in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Coinfection , HIV Infections , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Time Factors , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data
4.
Epidemiol Serv Saude ; 33: e2023522, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38381874

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend in the incidence of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, by macro-region, Federative Unit, sex and age group, from 2010 to 2021. METHODS: This was a time series study using surveillance data to estimate average annual percentage changes (AAPC), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) via joinpoint regression. RESULTS: 122,211 cases of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were analyzed; a falling trend was identified for Brazil as a whole (AAPC = -4.3; 95%CI -5.1;-3.7), and in the country's Southern (AAPC = -6.2; 95%CI -6.9;-5.5) and Southeast (AAPC = -4.6; 95%CI -5.6;-3.8) regions, even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021); the greatest falling trend was seen in Santa Catarina (AAPC = -9.3; 95%CI -10.1;-8.5), while the greatest rising trend was found in Tocantins (AAPC = 4.1; 95%CI 0.1;8.6); there was a rising trend among males, especially in Sergipe (AAPC = 3.9; 95%CI 0.4;7.9), and those aged 18 to 34 years, especially in Amapá (AAPC = 7.9; 95%CI 5.1;11.5). CONCLUSION: The burden and trends of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were geographically and demographically disparate.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Tuberculosis , Male , Humans , Incidence , Brazil/epidemiology , Pandemics , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/epidemiology
5.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(7): e02742024, 2024 Jul.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38958313

ABSTRACT

This retrospective cohort study identified factors associated with loss of follow-up and death due to tuberculosis (TB) in the homeless population (HP) in Brazil, estimating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) by multinomial logistic regression. A total of 3,831 TB cases in this population were analyzed, of which 57.0% had unfavorable outcomes. Loss of follow-up was associated with: history of abandonment (OR=2.38; 95%CI 2.05-2.77), unknown HIV serology (OR=1.79; 95%CI 1.38-2.32), HIV coinfection (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.46-2.06), drug use (OR=1.54; 95%CI 1.31-1.80), age (OR=0.98; 95%CI 0.97-0.99), mixed clinical form (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.42-0.97), extrapulmonary form (OR=0.46; 95%CI 0.29-0.73), government beneficiary (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.50-0.81), and supervised treatment (OR=0.52; 95%CI 0.45-0.60). Regarding death, the following were associated: age (OR=1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05), unknown HIV serology (OR=2.39; 95%CI 1.48-3.86), alcohol consumption (OR=1.81; 95%CI 1.27-2.58), and supervised treatment (OR=0.70; 95%CI 0.51-0.96). Overlapping vulnerabilities in the health-disease process of homeless individuals with TB were observed, requiring comprehensive and cross-sectoral care practices.


Esta coorte retrospectiva identificou os fatores associados à perda de seguimento e ao óbito por tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil, estimando-se as odds ratios (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão logística multinominal. Analisaram-se 3.831 casos de tuberculose nessa população, dos quais 57,0% tiveram desfechos desfavoráveis. Associaram-se à perda de seguimento: histórico de abandono (OR=2,38; IC95% 2,05-2,77), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=1,79; IC95% 1,38-2,32) e coinfecção com HIV (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,46-2,06), uso de drogas (OR=1,54; IC95% 1,31-1,80), idade (OR=0,98; IC95% 0,97-0,99), forma clínica mista (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,42-0,97) e extrapulmonar (OR=0,46; IC95% 0,29-0,73), auxílio de programa governamental (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,50-0,81) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,52; IC95% 0,45-0,60). Em relação ao óbito, associaram-se: idade (OR=1,03; IC95% 1,01-1,05), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=2,39; IC95% 1,48-3,86), uso de álcool (OR=1,81; IC95% 1,27-2,58) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,70; IC95% 0,51-0,96). Percebeu-se a sobreposição de vulnerabilidades no processo saúde-doença das pessoas em situação de rua com tuberculose, demandando práticas cuidativas intersetoriais e integrais.


Subject(s)
Ill-Housed Persons , Lost to Follow-Up , Tuberculosis , Humans , Ill-Housed Persons/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Brazil/epidemiology , Male , Female , Adult , Tuberculosis/mortality , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Cohort Studies , Young Adult , Follow-Up Studies
6.
Epidemiol Serv Saude ; 33: e2024188, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38865501

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe temporal trends in the detection rates of gestational and congenital syphilis, by maternal age and health macro-region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2021. METHODS: This was a time-series study using surveillance data; the trend analysis was performed by means of joinpoint regression, and average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. RESULTS: An increase in statewide detection of gestational syphilis (AAPC = 21.7; 95%CI 17.7; 32.8) and congenital syphilis (AAPC = 14.8; 95%CI 13.0; 19.7) was found; an increase was also found in the health macro-regions, with the Northwest (gestational, AAPC = 26.1; 95%CI 23.4; 31.6) and North (congenital, AAPC = 23.8; 95%CI 18.8; 48.9) macro-regions standing out; statewide rising trends were observed for young women [gestational, AAPC = 26.2 (95%CI 22.4; 40.6); congenital, AAPC = 19.4 (95%CI 17.6; 21.8)] and adult women [gestational, AAPC = 21.3 (95%CI 16.9; 31.9); congenital, AAPC = 13.7 (95%CI 11.9; 19.3)]. CONCLUSION: Maternal and child syphilis detection rates increased in the state, regardless of maternal age and health macro-region. MAIN RESULTS: Increasing trends were found for the detection rates of gestational and congenital syphilis in Paraná state and its health macro-regions, including in the analysis stratified by maternal age group; however, there was a decline during the COVID-19 period. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: There is a need for strategic and immediate action by the state health services, focusing on expanding access and linkage to care, in order to ensure maternal and child well-being and reverse the rising trends observed. PERSPECTIVES: Prevention and control actions towards the elimination of syphilis are needed to overcome these obstacles, directing efforts towards strengthening health education, early detection and appropriate treatment for pregnant women and their partners.


Subject(s)
Maternal Age , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Syphilis, Congenital , Syphilis , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Syphilis/epidemiology , Syphilis/diagnosis , Adolescent , Time Factors , Infant, Newborn
7.
J. bras. pneumol ; 50(2): e20240018, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558271

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of tuberculosis cure indicators in Brazil. Methods: An ecological time-series study using administrative data of reported cases of the disease nationwide between 2001 and 2022. We estimated cure indicators for each federative unit (FU) considering individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and those in tuberculosis retreatment. We used regression models using joinpoint regression for trend analysis, reporting the annual percentage change and the average annual percentage change. Results: For the three groups analyzed, we observed heterogeneity in the annual percentage change in the Brazilian FUs, with a predominance of significantly decreasing trends in the cure indicator in most FUs, especially at the end of the time series. When considering national indicators, an average annual percentage change of −0.97% (95% CI: −1.23 to −0.74) was identified for the cure of people with pulmonary tuberculosis, of −1.11% (95% CI: −1.42 to −0.85) for the cure of people with tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and of −1.44% (95% CI: −1.62 to −1.31) for the cure of people in tuberculosis retreatment. Conclusions: The decreasing trends of cure indicators in Brazil are concerning and underscore a warning to public authorities, as it points to the possible occurrence of other treatment outcomes, such as treatment discontinuity and death. This finding contradicts current public health care policies and requires urgent strategies aiming to promote follow-up of patients during tuberculosis treatment in Brazil.

8.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 33: e2023522, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534446

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the temporal trend in the incidence of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, by macro-region, Federative Unit, sex and age group, from 2010 to 2021. Methods: This was a time series study using surveillance data to estimate average annual percentage changes (AAPC), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) via joinpoint regression. Results: 122,211 cases of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were analyzed; a falling trend was identified for Brazil as a whole (AAPC = -4.3; 95%CI -5.1;-3.7), and in the country's Southern (AAPC = -6.2; 95%CI -6.9;-5.5) and Southeast (AAPC = -4.6; 95%CI -5.6;-3.8) regions, even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021); the greatest falling trend was seen in Santa Catarina (AAPC = -9.3; 95%CI -10.1;-8.5), while the greatest rising trend was found in Tocantins (AAPC = 4.1; 95%CI 0.1;8.6); there was a rising trend among males, especially in Sergipe (AAPC = 3.9; 95%CI 0.4;7.9), and those aged 18 to 34 years, especially in Amapá (AAPC = 7.9; 95%CI 5.1;11.5). Conclusion The burden and trends of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were geographically and demographically disparate.


RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la tendencia temporal de la incidencia de la coinfección tuberculosis-VIH en Brasil, por Macrorregión, Unidad Federativa, sexo y grupo de edad, 2010-2021. Métodos Estudio de series de tiempo, con datos de vigilancia para la estimación de cambios porcentuales anuales promedio (CPAP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) vía joinpoint regression. Resultados Se analizaron 122.211 casos de coinfección tuberculosis-VIH; se identificó tendencia decreciente en Brasil (CPAP = -4,3; IC95% -5,1;-3,7) y en las regiones Sur (CPAP = -6,2; IC95% -6,9;-5,5) y Sudeste (CPAP = -4,6; IC95% -5,6;-3,8), aumentando durante la pandemia de covid-19; mayor tendencia decreciente ocurrió en Santa Catarina (CPAP = -9,3; IC95% -10,1;-8,5) y creciente en Tocantins (CPAP = 4,1; IC95% 0,1;8,6); hubo tendencia al aumento en el sexo masculino, especialmente Sergipe (CPAP = 3,9; IC95% 0,4;7,9), y en los de 18 a 34 años, especialmente Amapá (CPAP = 7,9; IC95% 5,1;11,5). Conclusión Había disparidades territoriales y demográficas en la carga y las tendencias de la coinfección tuberculosis-VIH.


RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal da incidência da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV no Brasil, por macrorregião, Unidade da Federação, sexo e faixa etária, 2010-2021. Métodos Estudo de séries temporais, com dados de vigilância, para a estimativa de variações percentuais anuais médias (VPAM) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), por joinpoint regression. Resultados Foram analisados 122.211 casos de coinfecção tuberculose-HIV; identificou-se tendência decrescente no país (VPAM = -4,3; IC95% 5,1;-3,7) e em suas regiões Sul (VPAM = -6,2; IC95% -6,9;-5,5) e Sudeste (VPAM = -4,6; IC95% -5,6;-3,8), acentuada durante a pandemia de covid-19 (2020-2021); observou-se maior tendência decrescente em Santa Catarina (VPAM = -9,3; IC95% -10,1;-8,5) e maior tendência crescente no Tocantins (VPAM = 4,1; IC95% 0,1;8,6); houve tendência de incremento no sexo masculino, destacando-se Sergipe (VPAM = 3,9; IC95% 0,4;7,9), e na faixa etária de 18-34 anos, sobressaindo-se o Amapá (VPAM = 7,9; IC95% 5,1;11,5). Conclusão Verificaram-se disparidades territoriais e demográficas na carga e nas tendências da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV.

9.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 33: e2024188, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557747

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To describe temporal trends in the detection rates of gestational and congenital syphilis, by maternal age and health macro-region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2021. Methods: This was a time-series study using surveillance data; the trend analysis was performed by means of joinpoint regression, and average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Results: An increase in statewide detection of gestational syphilis (AAPC = 21.7; 95%CI 17.7; 32.8) and congenital syphilis (AAPC = 14.8; 95%CI 13.0; 19.7) was found; an increase was also found in the health macro-regions, with the Northwest (gestational, AAPC = 26.1; 95%CI 23.4; 31.6) and North (congenital, AAPC = 23.8; 95%CI 18.8; 48.9) macro-regions standing out; statewide rising trends were observed for young women [gestational, AAPC = 26.2 (95%CI 22.4; 40.6); congenital, AAPC = 19.4 (95%CI 17.6; 21.8)] and adult women [gestational, AAPC = 21.3 (95%CI 16.9; 31.9); congenital, AAPC = 13.7 (95%CI 11.9; 19.3)]. Conclusion: Maternal and child syphilis detection rates increased in the state, regardless of maternal age and health macro-region.


Resumen Objetivo: Describir las tendencias temporales en las tasas de detección de sífilis gestacional y congénita, por grupo de edad materna y macrorregión de salud de Paraná, 2007-2021. Métodos: Estudio de series temporales utilizando datos de vigilancia; se realizó análisis de tendencia mediante regresión segmentada, estimando cambios porcentuales anuales promedio (CPAP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se identificaron aumentos en la detección estatal de sífilis gestacional (CPAP = 21,7; IC95% 17,7;32,8) y congénita (CPAP = 14,8; IC95% 13,0;19,7); las macrorregiones mostraron incrementos, destacándose la Noroeste (gestacional, CPAP = 26,1; IC95% 23,4;31,6) y la Norte (congénita, CPAP = 23,8; IC95% 18,8;48,9); las tendencias estatales fueron crecientes para mujeres jóvenes [gestacional, CPAP = 26,2 (IC95% 22,4;40,6); congénita, CPAP = 19,4 (IC95% 17,6;21,8)] y adultas [gestacional, CPAP = 21,3 (IC95% 16,9;31,9); congénita, CPAP = 13,7 (IC95% 11,9;19,3)]. Conclusión: Las tasas de detección de sífilis materno-infantil estuvieron en aumento en el estado, independientemente de la edad materna y la macrorregión de salud.


Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as tendências temporais nas taxas de detecção de sífilis gestacional e congênita, por faixa etária materna e macrorregião de saúde do Paraná, Brasil, 2007-2021. Métodos: Estudo de séries temporais, utilizando-se dados de vigilância; realizou-se análise de tendência por regressão segmentada, sendo estimadas variações percentuais anuais médias (VPAM) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Foram identificados acréscimos na detecção estadual de sífilis gestacional (VPAM = 21,7; IC95% 17,7;32,8) e congênita (VPAM = 14,8; IC95% 13,0;19,7); as macrorregiões de saúde registraram incrementos, destacando-se as macrorregiões Noroeste (gestacional, VPAM = 26,1; IC95% 23,4;31,6) e Norte (congênita, VPAM = 23,8; IC95% 18,8;48,9); as tendências estaduais foram crescentes para mulheres jovens [gestacional, VPAM = 26,2 (IC95% 22,4;40,6); congênita, VPAM = 19,4 (IC95% 17,6;21,8)] e mulheres adultas [gestacional, VPAM = 21,3 (IC95% 16,9;31,9); congênita, VPAM = 13,7 (IC95% 11,9;19,3)]. Conclusão: As taxas de detecção de sífilis materno-infantil foram ascendentes no estado, independentemente da idade materna e da macrorregião de saúde.

10.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 27: e240016, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559514

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To calculate the rate of tuberculosis recurrence, estimate its average time until recurrence, and identify factors associated with recurrence in Brazil. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with a linked database from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The study included individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2015, focusing on those who experienced their first recurrence within 6.5 years. We estimated the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI), as well as the population attributable fraction (PAF) or the population preventable fraction (PPF) of associated factors. Results: Within a 6.5-year period, 3,253 individuals (6.5%) experienced tuberculosis recurrence, with a median time of 2.2 years. Positively associated factors included: male sex (RR: 1.4; 95%CI 1.3-1.5; PAF: 22.9%), age 30 to 59 years (RR: 3.0; 95%CI 1.6-5.7; PAF: 36.0%), black race (RR: 1.3; 95%CI 1.2-1.5; PAF: 3.5%), mixed race (RR: 1.3; 95%CI 1.2-1.4; PAF: 10.6%), deprivation of liberty (RR: 1.9; 95%CI 1.7-2.1; PAF: 9.1%), pulmonary/mixed clinical form (RR: 1.7; 95%CI 1.4-1.9; PAF: 37.1%), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis (RR: 1.8; 95%CI 1.5-1.9; PAF: 4.3%), and alcohol use (RR: 1.2; 95%CI 1.1-1.3; PAF: 2.9%). Negatively associated factors were: 12 or more years of schooling (RR: 0.5; 95%CI 0.4-0.6; PPF: 3.3%) and supervised treatment (RR: 0.9; 95%CI 0.8-0.9; PPF: 4.4%). Conclusion: This study revealed high tuberculosis recurrence rates in Brazil, influenced by sociodemographic, compartmental, and social factors, both positively and negatively impacting disease recurrence.


RESUMO Objetivo: Calcular a taxa de recorrência de tuberculose, estimar seu tempo médio e identificar seus fatores associados no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva com dados de linkage do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Incluímos pessoas diagnosticadas com tuberculose em 2015, com foco naquelas que tiveram sua primeira recorrência em 6,5 anos. Estimamos o risco relativo (RR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), assim como a fração atribuível populacional (FAP) ou a fração prevenível populacional (FPP) dos fatores associados. Resultados: No período de 6,5 anos, 3.253 indivíduos (6,5%) tiveram recorrência de tuberculose, com tempo médio de 2,2 anos. Fatores positivamente associados incluíram: sexo masculino (RR: 1,4; IC95% 1,3-1,5; FAP: 22,9%), idade de 30 a 59 anos (RR: 3,0; IC95% 1,6-5,7; FAP: 36,0%), raça/cor preta (RR: 1,3; IC95% 1,2-1,5; FAP: 3,5%) ou raça/cor parda (RR: 1,3; IC95% 1,2-1,4; FAP: 10,6%), privação de liberdade (RR: 1,9; IC95% 1,7-2,1; FAP: 9,1%), forma clínica pulmonar/mista (RR: 1,7; IC95% 1,4-1,9; FAP: 37,1%), diagnóstico de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (RR: 1,8; IC95% 1,5-1,9; FAP: 4,3%) e uso de álcool (RR: 1,2; IC95% 1,1-1,3; FAP: 2,9%). Fatores negativamente associados foram: 12 ou mais anos de estudo (RR: 0,5; IC95% 0,4-0,6; FPP: 3,3%) e tratamento supervisionado (RR: 0,9; IC95% 0,8-0,9; FPP: 4,4%). Conclusão: Revelamos taxas elevadas de recorrência de tuberculose no Brasil, com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e sociais influenciando na recorrência da doença.

11.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - nursing (Brazil), COLNAL | ID: biblio-1553376

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis persists as a neglected disease and poses a challenge to public health, especially due to the risk of vertical transmission, which can lead to countless biological complications for the newborn and to psychological and emotional repercussions for the mother. Objective: To understand the perceptions and feelings of pregnant women affected by toxoplasmosis undergoing outpatient follow-up. Materials and Methods: A qualitative and exploratory study developed with 12 women with gestational toxoplasmosis undergoing specialized outpatient follow-up in a municipality from the state of Paraná, Brazil. The data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and subjected to content analysis, supported by descending hierarchical classification. Results: The pregnant women experienced situations ranging from diagnosis and treatment to preventing the disease in the child and family. These experiences generated fear, distress and uncertainty about the disease, which were not adequately addressed during prenatal assistance in primary care. However, the pregnant women emphasized the importance of the multiprofessional team at the secondary level in monitoring and health education. Discussion: Although the pregnant women felt confident about the treatment and its implications for the child's health, discovering the diagnosis impacted their everyday lives and those of their families, especially due to lack of reliable information about toxoplasmosis and to the absence of emotional support at the primary level. Conclusions: There was a temporary scenario of disinformation among these women, who were not properly guided and supported. However, the guidelines offered in secondary health care were essential for improving knowledge and practices in health.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Toxoplasmosis , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Delivery of Health Care
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(7): e02742024, 2024. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564290

ABSTRACT

Resumo Esta coorte retrospectiva identificou os fatores associados à perda de seguimento e ao óbito por tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil, estimando-se as odds ratios (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão logística multinominal. Analisaram-se 3.831 casos de tuberculose nessa população, dos quais 57,0% tiveram desfechos desfavoráveis. Associaram-se à perda de seguimento: histórico de abandono (OR=2,38; IC95% 2,05-2,77), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=1,79; IC95% 1,38-2,32) e coinfecção com HIV (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,46-2,06), uso de drogas (OR=1,54; IC95% 1,31-1,80), idade (OR=0,98; IC95% 0,97-0,99), forma clínica mista (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,42-0,97) e extrapulmonar (OR=0,46; IC95% 0,29-0,73), auxílio de programa governamental (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,50-0,81) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,52; IC95% 0,45-0,60). Em relação ao óbito, associaram-se: idade (OR=1,03; IC95% 1,01-1,05), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=2,39; IC95% 1,48-3,86), uso de álcool (OR=1,81; IC95% 1,27-2,58) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,70; IC95% 0,51-0,96). Percebeu-se a sobreposição de vulnerabilidades no processo saúde-doença das pessoas em situação de rua com tuberculose, demandando práticas cuidativas intersetoriais e integrais.


Abstract This retrospective cohort study identified factors associated with loss of follow-up and death due to tuberculosis (TB) in the homeless population (HP) in Brazil, estimating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) by multinomial logistic regression. A total of 3,831 TB cases in this population were analyzed, of which 57.0% had unfavorable outcomes. Loss of follow-up was associated with: history of abandonment (OR=2.38; 95%CI 2.05-2.77), unknown HIV serology (OR=1.79; 95%CI 1.38-2.32), HIV coinfection (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.46-2.06), drug use (OR=1.54; 95%CI 1.31-1.80), age (OR=0.98; 95%CI 0.97-0.99), mixed clinical form (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.42-0.97), extrapulmonary form (OR=0.46; 95%CI 0.29-0.73), government beneficiary (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.50-0.81), and supervised treatment (OR=0.52; 95%CI 0.45-0.60). Regarding death, the following were associated: age (OR=1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05), unknown HIV serology (OR=2.39; 95%CI 1.48-3.86), alcohol consumption (OR=1.81; 95%CI 1.27-2.58), and supervised treatment (OR=0.70; 95%CI 0.51-0.96). Overlapping vulnerabilities in the health-disease process of homeless individuals with TB were observed, requiring comprehensive and cross-sectoral care practices.

13.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 58: 10, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560450

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the geospatialization of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, from 2010 to 2021, and the correlation with socioeconomic, housing, and health indicators. METHODS An ecological study of Brazilian municipalities and states, with data from HIV and tuberculosis information systems, previously reported by the Ministry of Health. The crude and smoothed coefficients were calculated by the local empirical Bayesian method of incidence of coinfection per 100,000 inhabitants in the population aged between 18 and 59 years. Univariate (identification of clusters) and bivariate (correlation with 20 indicators) Moran's indices were used. RESULTS A total of 122,223 cases of coinfection were registered in Brazil from 2010 to 2021, with a mean coefficient of 8.30/100,000. The South (11.44/100,000) and North (9.93/100,000) regions concentrated the highest burden of infections. The coefficients dropped in Brazil, in all regions, in the years of covid-19 (2020 and 2021). The highest coefficients were observed in the municipalities of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Amazonas, with high-high clusters in the capitals, border regions, coast of the country. The municipalities belonging to the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Paraná, and Piauí showed low-low clusters. There was a direct correlation with human development indices and aids rates, as well as an indirect correlation with the proportion of poor or of those vulnerable to poverty and the Gini index. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection showed heterogeneity in the Brazilian territory and constant behavior throughout the period, revealing clusters with high-burden municipalities, especially in large urban centers and in states with a high occurrence of HIV and/or tuberculosis. These findings, in addition to alerting to the effects of the covid-19 pandemic, can incorporate strategic planning for the control of coinfection, aiming to eliminate these infections as public health problems by 2030.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a geoespacialização da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV no Brasil, de 2010 a 2021, e a correlação com indicadores socioeconômicos, habitacionais e sanitários. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico dos municípios e estados brasileiros, com dados dos sistemas de informação do HIV e da tuberculose, previamente relacionados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram calculados os coeficientes brutos e suavizados pelo método bayesiano empírico local de incidência da coinfecção, por 100 mil habitantes, na população entre 18 e 59 anos. Empregaram-se os índices de Moran univariado (identificação de clusters) e bivariado (correlação com 20 indicadores). RESULTADOS Foram registrados 122.223 casos de coinfecção no Brasil, de 2010 a 2021, com coeficiente médio de 8,30/100 mil. As regiões Sul (11,44/100 mil) e Norte (9,93/100 mil) concentraram a maior carga das infecções. Houve queda dos coeficientes no Brasil, em todas as regiões, nos anos de covid-19 (2020 e 2021). Os maiores coeficientes foram visualizados nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, do Mato Grosso do Sul e do Amazonas, com aglomerados alto-alto nas capitais, em regiões de fronteira e no litoral do país. Os municípios pertencentes aos estados de Minas Gerais, da Bahia, do Paraná e do Piauí apresentaram clusters baixo-baixo. Houve correlação direta com os índices de desenvolvimento humano e as taxas de aids, bem como indireta com a proporção de pobres ou vulneráveis à pobreza e o índice de Gini. CONCLUSÕES A análise espacial da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV demonstrou heterogeneidade no território brasileiro e comportamento constante ao longo do período, revelando clusters com municípios de alta carga, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos e nos estados com ocorrência elevada do HIV e/ou da tuberculose. Esses achados, além de trazerem um alerta para os efeitos da pandemia da covid-19, podem incorporar o planejamento estratégico para o controle da coinfecção, visando à eliminação dessas infecções como problemas de saúde pública até 2030.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis , HIV , Coinfection , Spatial Analysis
14.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 26: e230048, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521748

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o desempenho e a distribuição espacial de indicadores de controle da tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, que teve como unidade de análise as regiões e as unidades federadas do Brasil. Os indicadores considerados, referentes ao período de 2015 a 2021, foram: proporção de testagem para HIV, proporção de coinfecção tuberculose-HIV, proporção de realização do tratamento diretamente observado e proporção dos desfechos (cura, abandono do tratamento e óbito). O cálculo foi efetuado sobre cada unidade ecológica, conforme recomendações do Ministério da Saúde. Para a produção das figuras geográficas, utilizou-se a técnica de quebras naturais. Resultados: Identificou-se que as pessoas em situação de rua apresentaram: baixa testagem para HIV, com destaque para o Pará (71,7%); alta proporção de coinfecção tuberculose-HIV, especialmente no Rio Grande do Sul (39,9%); e implementação insatisfatória do tratamento diretamente observado, principalmente na Paraíba (7,7%). No que se refere aos desfechos, verificou-se elevado abandono do tratamento, com maior proporção em Roraima (52,9%), e alto número de óbitos, com ênfase para o Mato Grosso do Sul (23,1%), que também registrou a pior proporção de cura (28,7%). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se baixo desempenho dos indicadores de controle da tuberculose nas pessoas em situação de rua, com distribuição heterogênea entre os estados e as regiões do país, sendo notório que a maioria deles teve resultados insuficientes. Esses dados suscitam a persistência de dificuldades e desafios inerentes à implementação das estratégias de controle da tuberculose para essa população no território nacional.


ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the performance and spatial distribution of tuberculosis control indicators in the homeless population in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study, which had the regions and federal units of Brazil as the unit of analysis. The indicators considered, referring to the period from 2015 to 2021, were: proportion of HIV testing, proportion of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection, proportion of directly observed treatment, and proportion of outcomes (cure, treatment abandonment and death). The calculation was performed on each ecological unit, as recommended by the Ministry of Health. For the production of geographic figures, the technique of natural breaks was used. Results: It was identified that people living on the streets had: low HIV testing, especially in Pará (71.7%); high proportion of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, especially in Rio Grande do Sul (39.9%); and unsatisfactory implementation of directly observed treatment, mainly in Paraíba (7.7%). With regard to outcomes, there was a high rate of treatment abandonment, with a higher proportion in Roraima (52.9%), and a high number of deaths, with an emphasis on Mato Grosso do Sul (23.1%), which also recorded the worst cure rate (28.7%). Conclusion: There was evidence of poor performance of tuberculosis control indicators in homeless people, with heterogeneous distribution between states and regions of the country, and it is clear that most of them had insufficient results. These data raise the persistence of difficulties and challenges inherent to the implementation of tuberculosis control strategies for this population in the national territory.

15.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 32(2): e2022888, 2023. tab, graf, mapas
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448216

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição e a autocorrelação espacial das taxas de detecção das hepatites B e C no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico das notificações de hepatites B e C no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, 2011-2019; estimou-se a variação percentual das taxas de detecção entre o primeiro e o último triênios do período; analisou-se a autocorrelação espacial pelo índice de Moran. Resultados: houve 16.699 notificações de hepatite B, com maior diminuição da detecção nas macrorregionais de saúde Norte (-30,0%) e Noroeste (-25,9%) paranaenses; foram observados clusters de alta ocorrência nas regionais de saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Francisco Beltrão e Cascavel (2011-2019); para hepatite C, houve 10.920 notificações, com maior redução da detecção na macrorregional Noroeste (-18,9%) e aumento na Oeste (+51,1%); a regional de Paranaguá registrou cluster de alta detecção (2011-2016). Conclusão: as hepatites B e C apresentaram distribuição heterogênea entre regionais de saúde.


Objective: to analyze the distribution and spatial autocorrelation of hepatitis B and C detection rates in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: this was an ecological study of hepatitis B and C notifications held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System, between 2011 and 2019. Percentage change in detection rates between the first and last three-year periods was estimated. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using Moran's index. Results: there were 16,699 notifications of hepatitis B, with a greater reduction in detection in the North (-30.0%) and Northwest (-25.9%) macro-regions. There were clusters of high occurrence in the Foz do Iguaçu, Francisco Beltrão and Cascavel regions between 2011 and 2019. There were 10,920 notifications of hepatitis C, with a greater reduction in detection in the Northwest macro-region (-18.9%) and an increase in the West (51.1%). The Paranaguá region recorded a high detection cluster between 2011 and 2016. Conclusion: hepatitis B and C showed heterogeneous distribution between health regions.


Objetivo: analizar la distribución y autocorrelación espacial de tasas de detección de hepatitis B y C en el estado de Paraná, Brasil. Métodos: estudio ecológico de notificaciones de hepatitis B y C en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria, entre 2011 y 2019. Se estimó la variación porcentual de las tasas de detección entre el primer y el último trienio del período. La autocorrelación espacial se analizó por el índice de Moran. Resultados: hubo 16.699 notificaciones de hepatitis B, con mayor reducción de detección en las macrorregiones Norte (-30,0%) y Noroeste (-25,9%). Hubo conglomerados de alta ocurrencia en regiones de Foz do Iguaçu, Francisco Beltrão y Cascavel entre 2011 y 2019. Para la hepatitis C, hubo 10.920 notificaciones, con una mayor reducción en la detección de la macrorregional Noroeste (-18,9%) y aumento en la Oeste (51,1%). La regional de Paranaguá registró un conglomerado de detección alto entre 2011 y 2016. Conclusión: la Hepatitis B y C mostraron distribución heterogénea entre regionales de salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Spatial Analysis , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Time Factors , Brazil , Ecological Studies , Correlation of Data
16.
Rev. urug. enferm ; 18(1): 1-18, ene. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - nursing (Brazil) | ID: biblio-1424447

ABSTRACT

Apesar dos avanços programáticos conquistados na atenção às pessoas que vivem com HIV no Brasil, os índices de morbimortalidade atribuídos à infecção ainda são altos e heterogêneos no território nacional. Destarte, entende-se que os aspectos epidemiológicos do HIV devam ser analisados em consonância com as características e delimitações geográficas. Este estudo objetivou analisar os coeficientes de internação hospitalar e de mortalidade por HIV, segundo regiões do Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Tratou-se de um estudo ecológico das regiões brasileiras, com dados extraídos das plataformas públicas de informação, referentes ao período de 2016 a 2020. Procedeu-se a análise por meio de estatística descritiva e, baseado nos coeficientes regionais de internação hospitalar e mortalidade calculados, foram derivadas ilustrações geográficas por meio do software QGIS, a partir do mapa do Brasil, divisado por regiões. Os resultados apontaram que as internações por HIV apresentaram queda em todas as regiões ao longo do período, contudo, o Sudeste se manteve abaixo da média nacional. Com relação aos óbitos, a queda foi observada em todas as regiões, com menor variação no Nordeste e Norte. Ademais, as regiões Sul e Norte seguiram com os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade do país durante todo o período analisado, enquanto as demais ficaram abaixo da média nacional. Pontua-se a necessidade de novas investigações quanto às especificidades regionais de conformação e organização da rede de atenção no que se refere à oferta de ações e serviços de saúde, bem como das condições socioeconômicas e comportamentais que influem no curso da infecção pelo HIV.


A pesar de los avances programáticos alcanzados en la atención de las personas que viven con el VIH en Brasil, las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad atribuidas a la infección aún son elevadas y heterogéneas en el territorio nacional. Así, se entiende que los aspectos epidemiológicos del VIH deben ser analizados de acuerdo con las características y límites geográficos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los coeficientes de hospitalización y mortalidad por VIH, según regiones de Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Se trata de un estudio ecológico de regiones brasileñas, con datos extraídos de plataformas de información pública, referentes al período de 2016 a 2020. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y, a partir de los coeficientes de ingreso hospitalario regional y mortalidad calculados, se derivaron ilustraciones geográficas utilizando el software QGIS, a partir del mapa de Brasil, dividido por regiones. Los resultados mostraron que las hospitalizaciones por VIH disminuyeron en todas las regiones en el período, sin embargo, el Sudeste se mantuvo por debajo del promedio nacional. En cuanto a las muertes, la caída se observó en todas las regiones, con menor variación en el Nordeste y Norte. Además, las regiones Sur y Norte continuaron presentando las tasas de mortalidad más altas del país durante todo el período analizado, mientras que las demás se ubicaron por debajo del promedio nacional. Existe la necesidad de mayores investigaciones sobre las especificidades regionales de conformación y organización de la red de atención en lo que se refiere a la provisión de acciones y servicios de salud, así como las condiciones socioeconómicas y conductuales que influyen en el curso de la infección por el VIH.


Despite the programmatic advances achieved in the care of people living with HIV in Brazil, the morbidity and mortality rates attributed to the infection are still high and heterogeneous in the national territory. Thus, it is understood that the epidemiological aspects of HIV should be analyzed in accordance with the characteristics and geographical boundaries. This study aimed to analyze the coefficients of hospitalization and mortality from HIV, according to regions of Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. This was an ecological study of Brazilian regions, with data extracted from public information platforms, referring to the period 2016 to 2020. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and, based on the calculated regional hospital admission and mortality coefficients, geographic illustrations were derived using the QGIS software, from the map of Brazil, divided by regions. The results showed that hospitalizations for HIV decreased in all regions over the period; however, the Southeast remained below the national average. Regarding deaths, the drop was observed in all regions, with less variation in the Northeast and North. Furthermore, the South and North regions continued to have the highest mortality rates in the country throughout the analyzed period, while the others were below the national average. There is a need for further investigations regarding the regional specificities of conformation and organization of the care network with regard to the provision of health actions and services, as well as the socioeconomic and behavioral conditions that influence the course of HIV infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Epidemiology , HIV , Topography, Medical , Data Analysis , Hospitalization , Brazil
17.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - nursing (Brazil) | ID: biblio-1537076

ABSTRACT

Introdujo: Nos adolescentes, as vulnerabilidades decorrentes da infecto pelo HIV atrelam-se as singularidades biopsicossociais da fase, tornando-os um grupo prioritário para as estratégias de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar o estado da arte acerca das situacóes de vulnerabilidade de adolescentes que (con)vivem com HIV. Método: Revisao integrativa da literatura realizada em oito bibliotecas/bases de dados para responder a questao norteadora. Foram seguidas as recomendacóes padronizadas para revisao, os achados foram categorizados e discutidos de acordo com referencial da vulnerabilidade. Resultado: Foram identificadas 7.517 publicacóes, das quais 11 foram incluídas. Evidenciaram-se situacóes diversas de vulnerabilidade individuais, sociais e programáticas experienciadas por jovens com HIV, a saber: omissao do diagnóstico, estigma, discriminacao, baixa adesao a terapia antirretroviral, sofrimento emocional, entre outras. Discussao: Adolescentes que vivem com HIV sao suscetíveis a situacóes que os expóem a riscos reais e/ou potenciais. Nesse sentido, é imperioso qualificar os servicos e as acóes de saúde, em uma lógica de oferta universal e integral, livre de julgamentos baseados em crencas pessoais. Conclusao: Adolescentes que (con)vivem com HIV estao inseridos em contextos de vulnerabilidade dinámicos, subjetivos e complexos, cerceados por aspectos individuais, sociais e programáticos que influenciam negativamente o exercício de sua adolescencia, de sua saúde e de suas relacóes.


Introduction: In adolescents, the vulnerabilities resulting from HIV infection are linked to the biopsychosocial singularities of the phase, making them a priority group for health strategies. Objective: To analyze the state of the art regarding situations of vulnerability of adolescents who (co)live with HIV. Method: Integrative literature review conducted in eight libraries/databases to answer the guiding question. The standardized recommendations for review were followed, the findings were categorized and discussed according to the vulnerability framework. Result: 7,517 publications were identified, of which 11 were included. Different situations of individual, social and programmatic vulnerability experienced by young people with HIV were evidenced, namely: omission of diagnosis, stigma, discrimination, low adherence to antiretroviral therapy, emotional distress, among others. Discussion: Adolescents living with HIV are susceptible to situations that expose them to real and/or potential risks. In this sense, it is imperative to qualify health services and actions, in a logic of universal and integral offer, free of judgments based on personal beliefs. Conclusion: Adolescents who (co)live with HIV are inserted in dynamic, subjective, and complex contexts of vulnerability, constrained by individual, social and programmatic aspects that negatively influence their adolescence, their health, and their relationships.


Introducción: En los adolescentes, las vulnerabilidades derivadas de la infección por el VIH están ligadas a las singularidades biopsicosociales de la etapa, convirtiéndolos en un grupo prioritario para las estrategias de salud. Objetivo: Analizar el estado del arte sobre las situaciones de vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes que (co)viven con el VIH. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en ocho bibliotecas/bases de datos para responder a la pregunta guía. Se siguieron las recomendaciones estandarizadas para la revisión, los hallazgos se categorizaron y discutieron de acuerdo con el marco de vulnerabilidad. Resultado: se identificaron 7.517 publicaciones, de las cuales se incluyeron 11. Se evidenciaron diferentes situaciones de vulnerabilidad individual, social y programática que viven los jóvenes con VIH, a saber: omisión del diagnóstico, estigma, discriminación, baja adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral, angustia emocional, entre otras. Discusión: Los adolescentes que viven con VIH son susceptibles a situaciones que los exponen a riesgos reales y/o potenciales. En ese sentido, es imperativo calificar los servicios y acciones de salud, en una lógica de oferta universal e integral, libre de juicios basados en creencias personales. Conclusión: Los adolescentes que (co)viven con el VIH se insertan en contextos dinámicos, subjetivos y complejos de vulnerabilidad, constreñidos por aspectos individuales, sociales y programáticos que influyen negativamente en su adolescencia, su salud y sus relaciones.

18.
J. nurs. health ; 13(2): 1325269, jul. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - nursing (Brazil) | ID: biblio-1524594

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:analisar a distribuição e autocorrelação dos casos de dengue notificados no Paraná, nos períodos epidêmicos de 2015-2016 e 2019-2020.Método: estudo ecológico, tendo como unidade de análise as regiões de saúde e os municípios do Paraná. Utilizou-se dados de 2015-2016/2019-2020 do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Para análise, procedeu-se ao cálculo dos coeficientes de incidência e variação percentual por municípios. Ainda, empregou-se a estatística de Moran global e local.Resultados:maiores coeficientes de incidência foram nas macrorregiões Noroeste, Norte e Oeste, onde também foram identificadas variações percentuais positivas, indicando aumento na incidência entre epidemias. Por outro lado, a macrorregião Leste apresentou queda. Áreas de alto risco foram evidenciadas em maior número na macrorregião Noroeste, ao passo que a Leste apresentou maior área de baixo risco. Conclusões:existem áreas de alto risco para dengue no Paraná, demandando o direcionamento de ações no controle e manejo do agravo.


Objective:to analyze the distribution and autocorrelation of reported dengue cases in the Paraná, in the epidemic periods of 2015-2016 and 2019-2020. Method:ecological study, with the health regions and municipalities of Paraná as the unit of analysis. Data from 2015-2016/2019-2020 from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were used. For analysis, the incidence coefficients and percentage variation by municipalities were calculated. Also, global and local Moran statistics were used. Results:higher incidence coefficients were found in the Northwest, North and West macro-regions, where positive percentage variations were also identified, indicating an increase in incidence between epidemics. On the other hand, the East macro-region showed a decline. High-risk areas were evidenced in greater numbers in the Northwest macro-region, while the East had a larger low-risk area. Conclusions:there are areas of high risk for dengue in Paraná, demanding the direction of actions in the control and management of the disease.


Objetivo:analizar distribución y autocorrelación de casos de dengue notificados en el Paraná, en 2015-2016 y 2019-2020. Método:estudio ecológico, con las regiones de salud y los municipios de Paraná como unidad de análisis. Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria. Para el análisis se calcularon los coeficientes de incidencia y variación porcentual por municipios. Además, se utilizaron estadísticas globales y locales de Moran. Resultados:se encontraron mayores coeficientes de incidencia en las macrorregiones Noroeste, Norte y Oeste, donde también se identificaron variaciones porcentuales positivas, indicando un aumento de la incidencia entre epidemias. La macrorregión Oriente mostró un descenso. Las áreas de alto riesgo se evidenciaron en Noroeste, mientras que el Este tuvo una mayor área de bajo riesgo.Conclusiones:existen áreas de alto riesgo para el dengue en Paraná, exigiendo la dirección de acciones en el control y manejo de la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Public Health , Epidemiology , Dengue , Spatial Analysis
19.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 27: e220651, 2023. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448526

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo buscou compreender, sob a perspectiva de adolescentes, os diálogos sobre sexualidade no contexto familiar. Desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo-exploratório qualitativo ancorado no referencial dialógico de Paulo Freire. Os dados foram coletados por questionário on-line, pela técnica snowball , com 13 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos de um município sul-brasileiro. Com as respostas, procedeu-se à construção de corpus textuais para a análise lexicográfica. As discussões sobre sexualidade no contexto familiar ocorreram de forma dialógica e antidialógica. A dialogicidade relacionou-se a sentimentos de confiança e afinidade, sobretudo com a mãe, enquanto a antidialogicidade se atrelou a situações de preconceito e conservadorismo mais evidentes no pai. Apreendeu-se que o contexto dos diálogos sobre sexualidade no ambiente familiar é influenciado por aspectos afetivos, culturais, sociais e religiosos.(AU)


Abstract The aim of this study was to understand family conversations about sexuality from the perspective of adolescents. We conducted an exploratory-descriptive qualitative study anchored in Paulo Freire's dialogical framework. The data were collected using an on-line questionnaire completed by 13 adolescents aged 14-19 years living in a municipality in the south of Brazil selected using snowball sampling. A lexicographic analysis was performed of the text corpus created from the questionnaire answers. Family discussions about sexuality were dialogical and anti-dialogical. Dialogicality was related to feelings of trust and affinity, above all with mothers, while anti-dialogicality was bound to prejudice and conservatism, which was more evident in fathers. The findings show that the context of family discussions about sexuality is influenced by affective, cultural, social, and religious aspects.(AU)


Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender, desde la perspectiva de adolescentes, los diálogos sobre sexualidad en el contexto familiar. Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio cualitativo, anclado en el referencial de Paulo Freire. Los datos se colectaron utilizando un cuestionario on-line, mediante la técnica snowball , con 13 adolescentes de 14 a 19 años de un municipio del sur de Brasil. Con las respuestas, se procedió a la construcción de corpus textuales para el análisis lexicográfico. Las discusiones sobre sexualidad en el contexto familiar tuvieron lugar de forma dialógica y antidialógica. La dialogicidad se relacionó con sentimientos de confianza y afinidad, sobre todo con la madre, mientras que la antidialogicidad se vinculó a situaciones de prejuicio y conservadurismo, más evidentes en el padre. Se captó que el contexto de los diálogos sobre sexualidad en el ambiente familiar sufre influencia de aspectos afectivos, culturales, sociales y religiosos.(AU)

20.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 47(2): 183-198, 20230808.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451834

ABSTRACT

É fundamental a identificação e a compreensão das estratégias empregadas na atenção primária à saúde para a oferta do diagnóstico do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), de modo a possibilitar o planejamento de políticas que promovam o início oportuno da terapia antirretroviral para garantir uma melhor qualidade de vida às pessoas que vivem com HIV. Desse modo, o estudo objetivou elaborar preceitos teóricos a partir das evidências científicas acerca das estratégias para a oferta do diagnóstico do HIV na atenção primária. Trata-se de uma revisão realista, realizada a partir de levantamento conduzido em seis bases de dados no ano de 2022, que teve como questão norteadora: quais são as estratégias para a oferta do diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV na atenção primária à saúde? Foram incluídos oito estudos. No que se refere a estratégias empregadas e público-alvo, observou-se o predomínio de testes de rotina (n = 5) nas unidades básicas de saúde para a população adscrita, sem especificação de idade e/ou grupo (n = 4). A partir disso emergiu o seguinte preceito teórico: estratégias para a oferta de testes de HIV na atenção primária à saúde, com abordagens holísticas, pautadas na relação profissional-usuário e em condições rotineiras apresentam melhor receptividade pela população adscrita e contribuem para a redução do estigma associado. Sugere-se, assim, que as ações de testagem de HIV valorizem práticas integrais ao usuário em suas consultas de rotina e sejam livres de discriminação e julgamento, a fim de que o estigma associado à infecção deixe de ser um fator limitador para a testagem.


It is essential to identify and understand the strategies employed in primary health care to offer diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to enable the planning of policies that promote the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy to guarantee a better quality of life for people who live with HIV. Thus, the study aimed to develop theoretical precepts based on scientific evidence about strategies for offering HIV diagnosis in Primary Care. This is a realistic review, carried out from a screening in six databases in the year 2022, which had as its guiding question: what are the strategies for offering the diagnosis of HIV infection in primary health care?. A total of eight studies were included. Regarding the strategies employed and the target audience, there was a predominance of routine tests (n = 5) in basic health units for the enrolled population, without specifying age and/or group (n = 4). From this, the following theoretical precept emerged: strategies for offering HIV tests in primary health care, with holistic approaches, based on the professional-user relationship and under routine conditions show more receptivity of the enrolled population and contribute to reduce the associated stigma. It is suggested, therefore, that HIV testing actions should value integral practices for the user in their routine consultations and be free of discrimination and judgments, so that the stigma associated with the infection ceases to be a limiting factor for testing.


Es fundamental identificar y comprender las estrategias empleadas en la atención primaria de salud para ofrecer el diagnóstico del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), con el fin de posibilitar la planificación de políticas que promuevan el inicio oportuno de la terapia antirretroviral y, así, garantizar una mejor calidad de vida a las personas que viven con el VIH. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar preceptos teóricos basados en evidencia científica sobre estrategias para ofrecer el diagnóstico de VIH en la atención primaria. Se trata de una revisión realista, realizada en seis bases de datos en el año 2022, que se basó en la siguiente pregunta orientadora: ¿Cuáles son las estrategias para ofrecer el diagnóstico de infección por VIH en la atención primaria de salud? Se incluyeron ocho estudios. En cuanto a las estrategias empleadas y el público objetivo, hubo predominio de las pruebas de rutina (n = 5) en las unidades básicas de salud para la población en estudio, sin precisar edad y/o grupo (n = 4). De allí surgió el siguiente precepto teórico: las estrategias de oferta de pruebas de VIH en la atención primaria de salud, con enfoques holísticos, basadas en la relación profesional-usuario y en condiciones de rutina son más receptivas a la población inscrita y contribuyen a la reducción del estigma asociado. Se recomienda, por tanto, que las acciones de prueba del VIH deben valorar prácticas integrales para el usuario en sus consultas de rutina y estar libres de discriminación y juicios, para que el estigma asociado a la infección deje de ser un factor limitante para la prueba.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis
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