Capn4 is a marker of poor clinical outcomes and promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via nuclear factor-κB-induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression.

Calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4) plays a key role in tumor migration or invasion. In this study, expression and function of Capn4 was investigated in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here we report that both mRNA and protein levels of Capn4 were elevated in NPC tissues when compared to normal NP tissues. Similarly, Capn4 was also highly expressed in multiple NPC cell lines, compared to immortalized human nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69. Moreover, expression of Capn4 was significantly correlated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, advanced stages, and lymph node or distant metastasis (P < 0.001). The patients with NPC displaying higher Capn4 had a significantly shorter overall survival (P = 0.002) and progression-free survival (P = 0.003). Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of Capn4 suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. These events resulted from Capn4 downregulation were associated with reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), Snail, and Vimentin. Finally, we demonstrated that Capn4 upregulated MMP2 via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, manifested by increased phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB. Together, these findings argue a novel function of Capn4 in invasion and metastasis of NPC, and thereby suggest that Capn4 may represent an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in NPC.

Highly flexible and superhydrophobic MOF nanosheet membrane for ultrafast alcohol-water separation.

High-performance pervaporation membranes have potential in industrial separation applications, but overcoming the permeability-selectivity trade-off is a challenge. We report a strategy to create highly flexible metal-organic framework nanosheet (MOF-NS) membranes with a faveolate structure on polymer substrates for alcohol-water separation. The controlled growth followed by a surface-coating method effectively produced flexible and defect-free superhydrophobic MOF-NS membranes. The reversible deformation of the flexible MOF-NS and the vertical interlamellar pathways were captured with electron microscopy. Molecular simulations confirmed the structure and revealed transport mechanism. The ultrafast transport channels in MOF-NS exhibited an ultrahigh flux and a separation factor of 8.9 in the pervaporation of 5 weight % ethanol-water at 40°C, which can be used for biofuel recovery. MOF-NS and polydimethylsiloxane synergistically contribute to the separation performance.

Noninvasive ventilator prevents intubation in thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis-associated respiratory failure: A case report and literature review.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, often presents with limb muscle paralysis, hypokalemia with elevated-free T3, T4, and low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We herein reported an unusual presentation of TPP with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. A 28-year-old female had complaints of nausea and vomiting. Laboratory investigations showed a serum potassium level of 1.2 mEq/L. Thyroid function test revealed the TSH level of 0.021 µlU/mL and free T4 at 2.01 ng/dL. She suddenly suffered from dyspnea and drowsiness. Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure with CO2 retention was found. Noninvasive ventilation was used. Rapid correction of hypokalemia and administration of propylthiouracil, propranolol, and 5% Lugol's solution were performed. After the normalization of potassium levels, the patient's respiratory pattern stabilized and noninvasive ventilator (NIV) use was discontinued. Respiratory failure is an unusual but lethal complication of TPP. Rapid correction of hypokalemia and temporarily NIV can successfully avoid endotracheal intubation for respiratory failure.

[Influence of Qingxiang San on substance P, somatostatin in rats model with the spleen and stomach wet heat syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of Qingxiang San (QS) on substance P (SP), somatostatin (SS) in rats model of spleen and stomach wet heat syndrome. METHODS: 24 rats were divided into 3 groups (each group 8 rats) randomly: the normal control group (NCG), wet heat group (WHG), QS group (QSG). We set up the spleen and stomach wet heat syndrome of rats model by the composite factors such as greasy and sweet food, wet and hot environment, pathogen and so on. Then the contents of SP, SS were detected by radioimmuno assay. RESULTS: The content of SP, SS in WHG were obviously lower than NCG (P<0.01); QSG compared with WHG, the content of SP, SS increased (P<0.01); The content of SP obviously increased when QSG compared with NCG (P<0.01); About the content of SS, there was no significant difference between QSG and NCG (P>0.05), illustrating that QS can increase the content of SP, SS which had decreased. CONCLUSION: QS can regulate the content of SP and SS and increase them which had decreased.

[Expression and assembly of rotavirus-like particles in insect cells mediated by recombinant Bombyx mori MultiBac].

OBJECTIVE: To construct recombinant baculoviruses co-expressing three structural genes vp2, vp6 and vp7 of rotavirus, and assemble rotavirus-like particles (VLPs) in BmN cells. METHODS: Human group A rotavirus was cultivated in MA104 cells, and the RNA was extracted and the three genes were obtained by RT-PCR. The PCR products were inserted into the transfer vectors pFBDM and pUCDM, respectively. A enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (egfp) driven by IE1 promoter was introduced into pFBDM to investigate the efficiency of infection. The expression baculoviruse was constructed by Tn7 and Cre-LoxP recombinant and transfected into BmN cells. The gene expression was determined by detecting 6-His tag fused into VP7 C-terminus, and the assembled VLPs were observed by transmission electron micrography. RESULTS: Three genes of rotavirus were cloned and BmMultiBac was constructed. The genes were expressed and the rotavirus-like particles assembled in BmN cells successfully as verified by ELISA and electron microscope. CONCLUSION: We have successfully constructed the recombinant baculovirus co-expressing the 3 structural genes of rotavirus, which provide the basis for producing protein complex containing multiple subunits and investigation of the structure of the macromolecules.

[Protective effect of Yigan Fuzheng Paidu capsules combined with ozone on CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of Yigan Fuzheng Paidu Capsules (YC) combined with medical ozone against hepatic injury in dogs induced by hepatotoxic drug. METHODS: Twenty-four dogs were randomized equally into 4 groups (n=6), namely the model group, oleanolic acid tablet (OAT) group, YC group and YC+O(3) group, given either no particular treatment, oral OAT at 10 mg/day, oral YC at 0.2 g/day, or YC at 0.2 g/day plus 150 ml medical ozone transrectal insufflation every other day, respectively, for totally 30 consecutive days. Acute hepatic injury was induced after the treatment in the dogs with a sing-dose intraperitoneal injection of 0.9 ml/kg CCl(4) and peanut oil mixture (1:1, W/W). The general condition, survival time, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), serum total bilirubin (TBIL), prothrombin time (PT), blood ammonia (AMMO), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were recorded or measured. The hepatic pathological changes were observed upon death or on day 15 following CCl(4) injection. RESULTS: Compared with the other 3 treatment protocols, YC plus O(3) showed favorable effects on the activity, mental state, diet, urination and defecation of the dogs, which had significantly higher survival rate and higher levels of ALT, TBIL, PT, and AMMO than the model and OAT groups (P<0.05). AST/ALT remained normal in YC+O(3) group, which had also milder hepatic injury than the other 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: YC combined with medical ozone may decrease transaminase and blood ammonia levels, relieve jaundice, prolong the survival time of dogs with CCl(4)-induced hepatic injury.