Innovative Synthesis of Photo-Responsive, Self-Healing Silicone Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability.

Photo-responsive materials have garnered significant interest for their ability to react to non-contact stimuli, though achieving self-healing under gentle conditions remains an elusive goal. In this research, an innovative and straightforward approach for synthesizing silicone elastomers is proposed that not only self-heal at room temperature but also possess unique photochromic properties and adjustable mechanical strength, along with being both transparent and reprocessable. Initially, aldehyde-bifunctional dithiophene-ethylene molecules with dialdehyde groups (DTEM) and isocyanurate (IPDI) is introduced into the aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (H2N-PDMS-NH2) matrix. Subsequently, palladium is incorporated to enhance coordination within the matrix. These silicone elastomers transition to a blue state under 254 nm UV light and revert to transparency under 580 nm light. Remarkably, they demonstrate excellent thermal stability at temperatures up to 100 °C and show superior fatigue resistance. The optical switching capabilities of the silicone elastomers significantly affect both their mechanical characteristics and self-healing abilities. Notably, the PDMS-DTEM-IPDI-@Pd silicone elastomer, featuring closed-loop photo-switching molecules, exhibits a fracture toughness that is 1.3 times greater and a room temperature self-healing efficiency 1.4 times higher than its open-loop counterparts. This novel photo-responsive silicone elastomer offers promising potential for applications in data writing and erasure, UV protective coatings, and micro-trace development.

The recovery potential and utilization pathway of chemical energy from wastewater pollutants during wastewater treatment in China.

Research on the potential for chemical energy recovery and the optimization of recovery pathways in different regions of China is still lacking. This study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the potential and optimize the utilization pathways for chemical energy recovery in various regions of China for achieving sustainable wastewater treatment. The results showed that the eastern and northeastern regions of China exhibited higher chemical energy levels under the existing operating conditions. Key factors affecting chemical energy recovery included chemical oxygen demand removal (ΔCOD), treatment scale, and specific energy consumption (µ) of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Furthermore, the average improvement in the chemical energy recovery rate with an optimized utilization pathway was approximately 40% in the WWTPs. The use of the net-zero energy consumption (NZE) model proved effective in improving the chemical energy recovery potential, with an average reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reaching next to 95% in the investigated WWTPs.

Chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety outcomes.

Background Since the success of the PACIFIC trial, durvalumab has become the clear standard of care for many patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, the duration of immune consolidation and the efficacy and safety of different immune agents remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review of relevant studies. Methods We searched all the relevant studies in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. We also reviewed abstracts of relevant conferences, to prevent omissions. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata version 16.0. Results Chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy can improve PFS (HR: 0.60, 95%CI :0.55-0.60) and OS (HR: 0.59, 95%CI :0.53-0.66) compared with no immunotherapy. The pooled 24-month PFS and 24-month OS rates were 48.1% (95% CI, 43.5%-52.7%) and 71.3% (95% CI, 67.3%-75.2%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that 24-month OS rates were 60.7% (95%CI, 51.0%-70.3%) and 77.4% (95%CI, 73.2%-81.7%) at 1 year and 2 years of immune consolidation, respectively. The pooled 1-year completion rate for immune consolidation was 35.6% (95%CI, 31.3%-39.8%). The pooled rate of pneumonitis for all grades was 41.7% (95%CI, 31.9%-51.9%). The pooled rate of pneumonitis ≥ grade 3 was 6.7% (95%CI, 5.0%-8.5%). The incidence of pneumonitis ≥ grade 3 after 1 year of immunotherapy is 4.8% (95%CI, 3.1%-6.5%). The incidence of pneumonitis ≥ grade 3 after 2 years of immunotherapy is 5.1% (95%CI, 2.9%-7.3%). Conclusions Prolonging the duration of immunotherapy consolidation increases survival benefits in patients with stage III NSCLC without causing higher side effects. Older patients, due to high incidence of pneumonia and low immunotherapy completion rate, have less survival benefit.

CGB5, INHBA and TRAJ19 Hold Prognostic Potential as Immune Genes for Patients with Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) seriously threatens people's health and life quality worldwide. AIM: The current study sought to explore prognostic immune genes and their regulatory network in GC. METHODS: First, expression data in GC and normal samples were analyzed based on bioinformatics analysis. Immune-related genes were identified and confirmed with univariate/multivariate Cox analysis and receiver-operating characteristic curve. The upstream transcription factors of immune genes were subsequently predicted, and their regulatory network was constructed. GC and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 76 patients with GC to determine the expression patterns of immune genes and their correlation with overall prognosis. CD8+ T-cell infiltration of patients with high or low risk was detected by means of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis highlighted 3689 differentially expressed genes in GC, including 87 immune genes, 8 of which were significantly associated with patient survival. CGB5 and INHBA were high-risk genes, while TRAJ19 was identified as a low-risk gene, all of which were found to be regulated by 11 different transcription factors. Furthermore, CGB5 and INHBA exhibited negative correlation with the prognosis of GC patients; however, TRAJ19 was positively correlated with GC patient prognosis. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was higher, the pathological stage was advanced and the infiltrated CD8+ T cells were fewer in the high-risk GC group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings identified the key roles of CGB5, INHBA and TRAJ19 in prognosis GC patients, serving as an important gene set for prognostic prediction.

Increased risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes in inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes. The present study aimed to make a meta-analysis to assess the risk of IHD and diabetes in IBD. METHODS: We searched for articles published before February 2020 in the databases as follows: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We computed odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) regarding the association between IBD and risk of IHD or diabetes by using STATA 13.0 software. RESULTS: The present meta-analysis showed that IBD was associated with higher risk of IHD (OR/RR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.20 to 1.32, I2 = 88.3 %, p < 0.0001). Additionally, both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) were associated with higher risk of IHD (UC: OR/RR = 1.19, 95 % CI 1.13 to 1.26, I2 = 65.6 %, p = 0.001; CD: OR/RR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.17 to 1.51, I2 = 89.5 %, p < 0.0001). The study showed that IBD was associated with elevated risk of diabetes (OR/RR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.53, I2 = 92.1 %, I2 = 92.1 %, p < 0.0001). Additionally, both UC and CD were associated with higher risk of diabetes (UC: OR/RR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.71, I2 = 93.8 %, p < 0.0001; CD: OR/RR = 1.39, 95 % CI 1.10 to 1.76, I2 = 76.7 %, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, patients with IBD are at increased risk of IHD and diabetes. Thus, regular monitoring of biomarkers of IHD and blood glucose levels should be considered for the early detection of IHD and diabetes in IBD patients.

Novel Trifluoromethylcoumarinyl Urea Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, Fluorescence, and Bioactivity.

A series of novel trifluoromethylcoumarinyl urea derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized by ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. The fluorescence spectra of the target compounds were recorded. The spectra show that most of the title compounds glow green with λmaxem of 500-517 nm, while compounds 5r, 5s, 5u, and 5l (compounds named by authors) glow violet with λmaxem of 381-443 nm. Moreover, the herbicidal and antifungal activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential use as pesticides. The results indicate that compound 5f against the caulis of Amaranthusretroflexus and compounds 5j and 5l against the taproot of Digitariasanguinalis are equivalent to the commercial herbicide Acetochlor. Nine of the title compounds are more antifungal than commercial fungicide Carbendazim against Botrytis cinerea.

The effect of granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors on tumor promotion.

GM-CSF and G-CSF are capable to regulate the maturation of undifferentiated multipotent stem cells into mature granulocytes, macrophages and T cells in the bone marrow. Thereby, clinicians correct neutropenia induced by chemotherapy or radiation routinely with recombinant G- or GM-CSFs in clinical practice. However, relevant studies found that treatment for cancer patients with adjuvant G-/GM-CSF would occasionally enhance the progression of tumors. Besides, constitutive production of G-CSF or GM-CSF by lung cancer cells could stimulate the growth or the invasion of tumor and result in protecting the tumor against unfavorable environment. These findings convinced researchers that G-/GM-CSF overexpression has a positive effect on malignant tumor progression. The purpose of this article was to explore the most recent research and the mechanisms of GM-CSF and G-CSF-induced tumor promotion and their clinical therapeutic applications.

The relationship between vasculogenic mimicry and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a vascular-like structure which can mimic the embryonic vascular network pattern to nourish the tumour tissue. As a unique perfusion way, VM is correlated with tumour progression, invasion, metastasis and lower 5-year survival rate. Notably, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators and EMT-related transcription factors are highly up-regulated in VM-forming tumour cells, which demonstrated that EMT may play a crucial role in VM formation. Therefore, the up-regulation of EMT-associated adhesion molecules and other factors can also make a contribution in VM-forming process. Depending on these discoveries, VM and EMT can be utilized as therapeutic target strategies for anticancer therapy. The purpose of this article is to explore the advance research in the relationship of EMT and VM and their corresponding mechanisms in tumorigenesis effect.

Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteremia Induces Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice via Toll-like Receptor 2-Dependent and -Independent Pathways.

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus epidermidis causes late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Staphylococcus epidermidis activates host responses in part via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Epidemiologic studies link bacteremia and neonatal brain injury, but direct evidence is lacking. METHODS: Wild-type and TLR2-deficient (TLR2-/-) mice were injected intravenously with S. epidermidis at postnatal day 1 prior to measuring plasma and brain cytokine and chemokine levels, bacterial clearance, brain caspase-3 activation, white/gray matter volume, and innate transcriptome. RESULTS: Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia spontaneously resolved over 24 hours without detectable bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). TLR2-/- mice demonstrated delayed S. epidermidis clearance from blood, spleen, and liver. Staphylococcus epidermidis increased the white blood cell count in the CSF, increased interleukin 6, interleukin 12p40, CCL2, and CXCL1 concentrations in plasma; increased the CCL2 concentration in the brain; and caused rapid (within 6 hours) TLR2-dependent brain activation of caspase-3 and TLR2-independent white matter injury. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia, in the absence of bacterial entry into the CSF, impairs neonatal brain development. Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia induced both TLR2-dependent and -independent brain injury, with the latter occurring in the absence of TLR2, a condition associated with an increased bacterial burden. Our study indicates that the consequences of transient bacteremia in early life may be more severe than commonly appreciated, and our findings may inform novel approaches to reduce bacteremia-associated brain injury.

Vasculogenic mimicry and tumor metastasis.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a microvascular channel made up of nonendothelial cells, has been accepted as a new model of neovascularization in aggressive tumors, owning to the specific capacity of malignant cells to form vessel-like networks which provide sufficient blood supply for tumor growth. Multiple molecular mechanisms, especially vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2), phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR1), and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1a, have been reported to participate in VM formation which is associated with tumor migration and invasion. In addition, hypoxia, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenehymal transition (EMT) are regarded as significant factors in VM formation and tumor metastasis. Due to the important effects of VM on tumor progression, a review was carried out in the present study, to synthetically analyze the relationship between VM and tumor metastasis.

The management of patients with esophageal cancer and coronary artery stenosis undergoing radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a single-center experience.

PURPOSE: The incidence of esophageal cancer (EC) patients with coronary artery stenosis presents particular challenges. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficiency of management on patients with both diseases treated by radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS: Fifty-three patients with both EC and coronary artery stenosis from June 2009 to August 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients received RT or CCRT with coronary artery stenosis management. Cardiac treatments often prescribed included aspirin, ß-blockers, statins etc. The adverse effects, overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. RESULTS: Most of the patients were 40-70 years old. There were 25 patients in the CCRT group and 28 patients in the RT group. The complete response (CR) rate was higher in the patients in the CCRT group than in those in the RT group (48.0 vs 21.4%; p=0.041). The median PFS was 15.9 months in the CCRT group and 11.6 months in the RT group (p=0.025). OS was 22.4 months in the CCRT group and 15.8 months in the RT group (p=0.013). Though adverse effects were less in the RT group, no significance differences in grade 3-4 toxicity were observed. CONCLUSION: With the appropriate of coronary artery stenosis management, RT and CCRT were both tolerable and effective in EC patients with coronary artery stenosis.

[Concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by docetaxel and cisplatin consolidation chemotherapy in elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of consolidation chemotherapy with docetaxel and cisplatin (DP) in elderly patients of esophageal cancer.
 Methods: Seventy-nine elderly patients of esophageal cancer were randomly divided into the treatment group (38 patients) and the control group (41 patients). Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was applied in both groups and prescribed dose was set to 56 to 59.4 Gy in 28 to 33 fractions. The concurrent chemotherapy regime for both groups was as follow: docetaxel 25 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 25 mg/m2, per week. After concurrent chemoradiotherapy, consolidated chemotherapy was applied to the treatment group with docetaxel 60 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 for 3 weeks in one cycle. There was no subsequent treatment for the control group.
 Results: The clinical efficacy was assessed in 76 patients. For the treatment group, 31 patients (response rate, 89.2%) obtained effective response, including 10 cases with complete response (CR) and 21 cases with partial response (PR), both of which were significantly more than that in the control group (response rate, 61.5%), with 9 cases of CR and 15 cases of PR. The median progression-free survival was 19.7 months in the treatment group, clearly longer than that in the control group (10.8 months, P=0.04). The overall survival for 1-year, 2-year and 3-year were 78.5%, 57.9% and 37.8% in the treatment group versus 61.2%, 42.3% and 22.7% in the control group (P>0.05), respectively. Grade 1 and 2 adverse effects were commonly observed in both groups, such as hematologic toxicity and radiation-induced esophagitis, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 
 Conclusion: For elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma, the overall response rate can be significantly improved by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with subsequently consolidated chemotherapy based on docetaxel and cisplatin..

Advanced research on vasculogenic mimicry in cancer.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a brand-new tumour vascular paradigm independent of angiogenesis that describes the specific capacity of aggressive cancer cells to form vessel-like networks that provide adequate blood supply for tumour growth. A variety of molecule mechanisms and signal pathways participate in VM induction. Additionally, cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions are also shown to be implicated in VM formation. As a unique perfusion way, VM is associated with tumour invasion, metastasis and poor cancer patient prognosis. Due to VM's important effects on tumour progression, more VM-related strategies are being utilized for anticancer treatment. Here, with regard to the above aspects, we make a review of advanced research on VM in cancer.

Risk factors for recurrence in patients with resected N1 non-small cell lung cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the rates of locoregional failure (LRF) vs distant metastasis (DM), and find risk factors for recurrence in patients with completely resected N1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: By searching Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register from 1995 through 2014, eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were identified. In addition, the reference lists of articles and conference abstracts were searched. The logarithm of the risk ratio (RR) and its standard error (SE) were calculated, and a fixed-effect model was used to combine the estimates. RESULTS: 3 RCTs and 9 retrospective studies, which included 889 patients, were identified and selected. All studies dealt with resected N1 NSCLC, LRF vs DM, and risk factors such as visceral pleural invasion (VPI) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). There was statistically significant benefit on 5-year overall survival (OS) for LRF (RR=0.68,95% CI=0.60-0.78, p<0.00001). Further analysis for patients with LRF also showed that VPI (RR=1.25, 95% confidence interval/CI=1.09-1.42, p=0.0009), LVI (RR=1.16, 95% CI=1.04-1.30, p=0.009), were the main risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that in patients with resected N1 NSCLC, the incidence of LRF is lower than DM. Advanced T stage classification, VPI, and LVI were predictors of poor survival. These patients represent a subgroup with N1 disease who might benefit from additional therapy, including adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). However, large, well-designed prospective studies should be conducted to confirm this conclusion.

The effect of osteopontin and osteopontin-derived peptides on preterm brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated sialoprotein and a soluble cytokine that is widely expressed in a variety of tissues, including the brain. OPN and OPN-derived peptides have been suggested to have potential neuroprotective effects against ischemic brain injury, but their role in preterm brain injury is unknown. METHODS: We used a hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced preterm brain injury model in postnatal day 5 mice. OPN and OPN-derived peptides were given intracerebroventricularly and intranasally before HI. Brain injury was evaluated at 7 days after the insults. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in endogenous OPN mRNA and OPN protein in the mouse brain after the induction of HI at postnatal day 5. Administration of full-length OPN protein and thrombin-cleaved OPN did not affect preterm brain injury. This was demonstrated with both intracerebroventricular and intranasal administration of OPN as well as in OPN-deficient mice. Interestingly, both N134-153 and C154-198 OPN-derived peptides increased the severity of brain injury in this HI-induced preterm brain injury model. CONCLUSIONS: The neuroprotective effects of OPN are age-dependent, and, in contrast to the more mature brain, OPN-derived peptides potentiate injury in postnatal day 5 mice. Intranasal administration is an efficient way of delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) in neonatal mice and is likely to be an easy and noninvasive method of drug delivery to the CNS in preterm infants.

The immune response after hypoxia-ischemia in a mouse model of preterm brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Preterm brain injury consists primarily of periventricular leukomalacia accompanied by elements of gray-matter injury, and these injuries are associated with cerebral palsy and cognitive impairments. Inflammation is believed to be an important contributing factor to these injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the immune response in a postnatal day (PND) 5 mouse model of preterm brain injury induced by hypoxia-ischemia (HI) that is characterized by focal white and gray-matter injury. METHODS: C57Bl/6 mice at PND 5 were subjected to unilateral HI induced by left carotid artery ligation and subsequent exposure to 10% O2 for 50 minutes, 70 minutes, or 80 minutes. At seven days post-HI, the white/gray-matter injury was examined. The immune responses in the brain after HI were examined at different time points after HI using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: HI for 70 minutes in PND 5 mice induced local white-matter injury with focal cortical injury and hippocampal atrophy, features that are similar to those seen in preterm brain injury in human infants. HI for 50 minutes resulted in a small percentage of animals being injured, and HI for 80 minutes produced extensive infarction in multiple brain areas. Various immune responses, including changes in transcription factors and cytokines that are associated with a T-helper (Th)1/Th17-type response, an increased number of CD4+ T-cells, and elevated levels of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) and its adaptor protein DNAX activation protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) were observed using the HI 70 minute preterm brain injury model. CONCLUSIONS: We have established a reproducible model of HI in PND 5 mice that produces consistent local white/gray-matter brain damage that is relevant to preterm brain injury in human infants. This model provides a useful tool for studying preterm brain injury. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are observed after HI, and these show a strong pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17-type bias. Such findings provide a critical foundation for future studies on the mechanism of preterm brain injury and suggest that blocking the Th1/Th17-type immune response might provide neuroprotection after preterm brain injury.

[Development characteristics, problems and countermeasures of major scientific and technological infrastructures in the field of life sciences].

The major science and technology infrastructure in the field of life science is an indispensable and important content in the large-science facility landscape. It encompasses cutting-edge, strategic, and fundamental aspects. This field differs from traditional facilities such as particle physics, astronomy and nuclear energy. Moreover, it represents a relatively underdeveloped area in China's facility landscape. Unique characteristics are observed in terms of capital investment, physical form, facility lifespan, digitization degree, organizational structure, project risk, and development effect when compared to traditional facilities. Despite its importance, challenges persist in project establishment, investment, management, and construction. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the condensing mechanism for addressing major scientific issues in the life science field, improve the strategic investment layout, facilitate the localization of technical equipment based on original scientific ideas, and strengthen the differentiated management capacity of life science facilities.

Efficient Removal and Recovery of Ag from Wastewater Using Charged Polystyrene-Polydopamine Nanocoatings and Their Sustainable Catalytic Application in 4-Nitrophenol Reduction.

This study addresses the long-standing challenges of removing and recovering trace silver (Ag) ions from wastewater while promoting their sustainable catalysis utilization. We innovatively developed a composite material by combining charged sulfonated polystyrene (PS) with a PDA coating. This composite serves a dual purpose: effectively removing and recovering trace Ag+ from wastewater and enabling reused Ag for sustainable applications, particularly in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). The PS-PDA demonstrated exceptional selectivity to trace Ag+ recycling, which is equal to 14 times greater than the commercial ion exchanger. We emphasize the distinct roles of different charged functional groups in Ag+ removal and catalytic reduction performance. The negatively charged SO3H groups exhibited the remarkable ability to rapidly enrich trace Ag ions from wastewater, with a capacity 2-3 times higher than that of positively-N+(CH3)3Cl and netural-CH2Cl-modified composites; this resulted in an impressive 96% conversion of 4-NP to 4-AP within just 25 min. The fixed-bed application further confirmed the effective treatment capacity of approximately 4400 L of water per kilogram of adsorbent, while maintaining an extremely low effluent Ag+ concentration of less than 0.1 mg/L. XPS investigations provided valuable insights into the conversion of Ag+ ions into metallic Ag through the enticement of negatively charged SO3H groups and the in situ reduction facilitated by PDA. This breakthrough not only facilitates the efficient extraction of Ag from wastewater but also paves the way for its environmentally responsible utilization in catalytic reactions.

Effect of Sequence of Radiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy on the Incidence of Pneumonitis in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: With the widespread application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combined with radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of lung cancer, increasing attention has been paid to treatment-related pneumonitis. The effect of the treatment sequence on the incidence of pneumonitis remains unclear. METHODS: We searched databases including PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, meeting abstracts, and reference lists of relevant review articles for literature published on radio- and immunotherapy in lung cancer. Stata software (version 16.0) was used for meta-analysis. Data on the incidence of any grade and ≥ grade 3 pneumonitis was pooled using the random effects model. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used for arm-based pairwise comparisons. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the potential influencing factors. RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. The network meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the incidence of pneumonitis in concurrent ICI with RT (concurrent arm) and RT followed by ICI (RT-first arm) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-4.81). In the meta-analysis of single group rates, RT following ICI (ICI-first arm) exhibited higher incidence of any grade pneumonitis compared with concurrent- and RT-first arms, with 0.321 (95% CI: 0.260-0.386) for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors from clinical trials, and 0.480 (95% CI: 0.363-0.598) for PD-1 inhibitors from real-world retrospective data, respectively. CONCLUSION: No significant difference in the incidence of any grade and grade ≥ 3 pneumonitis was found between RT-first and concurrent arms. The ICI-first arm exhibited a higher incidence of pneumonitis, which needs to be further confirmed by follow-up studies.

Orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma treated by radiotherapy combined with anlotinib in a 13-year-old girl: A case report.

RATIONALE: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of orbit is a very rare epithelial tumor, often originating from the lacrimal glands. At the same time, treatment options are currently limited, such as radiation, chemotherapy. We report a case of a patient treated with antirotinib combined with radiotherapy. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 13-year-old girl was initially admitted with "left eye swelling for over half a year, 12 days after surgery for left orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma". Initial swelling of the lateral upper eyelid of the left eye, with gradual enlargement and occasional pain. DIAGNOSES: Left orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS: After diagnosis of orbital ACC, she underwent resection of the left orbital mass, and received 33 times of adjuvant radiotherapy, but brain metastases appeared later. She refused further treatment, and received 25 times of radiotherapy and anlotinib therapy after the disease progressed again. OUTCOMES: Now the patient has been followed up for 8 months, but no progress was found. LESSONS: Based on this, we hypothesized that radiation therapy in combination with anlotinib is effective for ACC or ACC metastases.