Magnetoencephalogram-based brain-computer interface for hand-gesture decoding using deep learning.

Advancements in deep learning algorithms over the past decade have led to extensive developments in brain-computer interfaces (BCI). A promising imaging modality for BCI is magnetoencephalography (MEG), which is a non-invasive functional imaging technique. The present study developed a MEG sensor-based BCI neural network to decode Rock-Paper-scissors gestures (MEG-RPSnet). Unique preprocessing pipelines in tandem with convolutional neural network deep-learning models accurately classified gestures. On a single-trial basis, we found an average of 85.56% classification accuracy in 12 subjects. Our MEG-RPSnet model outperformed two state-of-the-art neural network architectures for electroencephalogram-based BCI as well as a traditional machine learning method, and demonstrated equivalent and/or better performance than machine learning methods that have employed invasive, electrocorticography-based BCI using the same task. In addition, MEG-RPSnet classification performance using an intra-subject approach outperformed a model that used a cross-subject approach. Remarkably, we also found that when using only central-parietal-occipital regional sensors or occipitotemporal regional sensors, the deep learning model achieved classification performances that were similar to the whole-brain sensor model. The MEG-RSPnet model also distinguished neuronal features of individual hand gestures with very good accuracy. Altogether, these results show that noninvasive MEG-based BCI applications hold promise for future BCI developments in hand-gesture decoding.

Machine-Learning-Based Near-Surface Ozone Forecasting Model with Planetary Boundary Layer Information.

Surface ozone is one of six air pollutants designated as harmful by National Ambient Air Quality Standards because it can adversely impact human health and the environment. Thus, ozone forecasting is a critical task that can help people avoid dangerously high ozone concentrations. Conventional numerical approaches, as well as data-driven forecasting approaches, have been studied for ozone forecasting. Data-driven forecasting models, in particular, have gained momentum with the introduction of machine learning advancements. We consider planetary boundary layer (PBL) height as a new input feature for data-driven ozone forecasting models. PBL has been shown to impact ozone concentrations, making it an important factor in ozone forecasts. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of utilization of PBL height on the performance of surface ozone forecasts. We present both surface ozone forecasting models, based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) and bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) models. These two models forecast hourly ozone concentrations for an upcoming 24-h period using two types of input data, such as measurement data and PBL height. We consider the predicted values of PBL height obtained from the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model, since it is difficult to gather actual PBL measurements. We evaluate two ozone forecasting models in terms of index of agreement (IOA), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Results showed that the MLP-based and bidirectional LSTM-based models yielded lower MAE and RMSE when considering forecasted PBL height, but there was no significant changes in IOA when compared with models in which no forecasted PBL data were used. This result suggests that utilizing forecasted PBL height can improve the forecasting performance of data-driven prediction models for surface ozone concentrations.

Automated analysis of immunosequencing datasets reveals novel immunoglobulin D genes across diverse species.

Immunoglobulin genes are formed through V(D)J recombination, which joins the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) germline genes. Since variations in germline genes have been linked to various diseases, personalized immunogenomics focuses on finding alleles of germline genes across various patients. Although reconstruction of V and J genes is a well-studied problem, the more challenging task of reconstructing D genes remained open until the IgScout algorithm was developed in 2019. In this work, we address limitations of IgScout by developing a probabilistic MINING-D algorithm for D gene reconstruction, apply it to hundreds of immunosequencing datasets from multiple species, and validate the newly inferred D genes by analyzing diverse whole genome sequencing datasets and haplotyping heterozygous V genes.

Research advances in the fabrication of biosafety and functional leather: A way-forward for effective management of COVID-19 outbreak.

With the recent events following the pandemic COVID-19, global awareness about the use of biosafety materials has been in raise. Leather industry being a major commodity-driven sector, its role in addressing the issues concerning the safe use of leather products has become inevitable for the sustainability of the industry. A significant number of researches have been conducted to fabricate bio-safe leather by incorporating different types of antimicrobial agents during leather manufacturing. Besides, the increasing diversity in the development of synthetic materials and the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on automotive industry may create more demand from customers for incorporating different functionalities in leather without losing its inherent properties. Some of the key functionalities discussed include resistance to microbial growth, self-cleaning through superhydrophobicity and photocatalysis, thermal regulation, flame retardance and scented leather. This review focusses on the fabrication of such advanced functional leather materials over the past decade with special emphasis on antimicrobial leather. Some of the key factors elaborated in the review include the state of art approaches for the preparation of functional materials, mode of incorporation of the same into the leather matrix, the mechanism behind with a perspective on the challenges involved in fabrication for real-world applications. A major outcome of this review is that even though several kinds of cutting edge researches are happening in the field of leather manufacturing, most of them were not validated for its practical applicability and sustainability of the proposed solution. This could be majorly attributed to the cost involved in fabrication of such materials, which forms a crucial factor when it comes to a mass production industry such as leather. Also, the researchers should concentrate on the toxicity of the fabricated materials which can impede the process of adopting such emerging and need of the hour technologies in the near future. Knowledge obtained from this review on fabrication of bio-safety leather against bacteria, mold and fungi would help further to integrate the antiviral property into the same which is a global need. Also, fabrication of functionalized leather would open new avenues for leather manufactures to venture into the development of advanced leather products such as flexible electronics, radiation shielding and fire fighting garments etc.

Direct and indirect relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, hostility, anger, and verbal and physical aggression in returning veterans.

Hostility, anger, and aggression are conceptually related but unique constructs found to occur more often among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than among civilians or veterans without PTSD. However, the pathways between PTSD, depression, hostility, anger, and aggression have not been comprehensively characterized. Therefore, drawing on a sample of returning Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom combat veterans ( N = 175; 95% male; mean age 30 years), this study sought to examine the direct and indirect relationships among PTSD, depression, hostility, anger, and four types of aggression: verbal, and physical toward self, others, and objects. Functional modeling of direct effects was done using multiple least-squares regression and bootstrapped mediation analyses were carried out to test indirect effects. Results indicate that PTSD is not the overall direct contributor to different forms of aggression, supporting the mediating role of depression and trait anger. Depression symptoms explain part of the relationships between PTSD and verbal aggression, physical aggression toward objects, and physical aggression toward self and trait anger explains part of the relationships between PTSD and verbal aggression, physical aggression toward objects, and physical aggression toward others. Our findings support the importance of assessing for anger, depression, and different types of aggression among veterans presenting for PTSD treatment to develop individualized treatment plans that may benefit from early incorporation of interventions.

Age-Friendly Communities Initiative: Public Health Approach to Promoting Successful Aging.

Older adults consistently prefer aging in place, which requires a high level of community support and services that are currently lacking. With a rapidly aging population, the present infrastructure for healthcare will prove even more inadequate to meet seniors' physical and mental health needs. A paradigm shift away from the sole focus on delivery of interventions at an individual level to more prevention-focused, community-based approaches will become essential. Recent initiatives have been proposed to promote healthy lifestyles and preventive care to enable older adults to age in place. Prominent among these are the World Health Organization's Global Age-Friendly Communities (AFC) Network, with 287 communities in 33 countries, and AARP's Network of AFCs with 77 communities in the United States. In an AFC, older adults are actively involved, valued, and supported with necessary infrastructure and services. Specific criteria include affordable housing, safe outdoor spaces and built environments conducive to active living, inexpensive and convenient transportation options, opportunities for social participation and community leadership, and accessible health and wellness services. Active, culture-based approaches, supported and developed by local communities, and including an intergenerational component are important. This article provides a brief historical background, discusses the conceptualization of the AFC, offers a list of criteria, narrates case studies of AFCs in various stages of development, and suggests solutions to common challenges to becoming age-friendly. Academic geriatric psychiatry needs to play a major role in the evolving AFC movement to ensure that mental healthcare is considered and delivered on par with physical care.

A hierarchical recursive feature elimination algorithm to develop brain computer interface application of user behavior for statistical reasoning and decision making.

BACKGROUND: With the aid of a brain computer interface (BCI), users can communicate and receive signals wirelessly or over wired connections to operate smart devices. A BCI classifier's architecture is quite difficult since numerous elements should be combined. These elements are made up of brain signals, which also include high levels of weak sounds that could provide reliable participant recordings of daily activities. We must use computer vision techniques to create a model in order to control those information. The high dimension and volume of signals present the classification classifier with its primary obstacles. NEW METHOD: Due to this, we extracted and classified the brain activity in this study, and we also presented a novel hierarchical recursive feature elimination method that we refer to as HRFE embracing noisy additions. HRFE makes a variety of categorization suggestions to eliminate bias in classifying BCI systems of different types. We put the HRFE to the test on two BCI signal data sets-specifically, dataset I and BCI contests III-using shallow and deep convolution network classification techniques. Just a grid of assets is used to create electrocorticography (ECoG) signals on the contralateral (right) motor cortex, and these signals are recorded in the BCI contests III database. RESULTS: Using ECoG signals, we choose the top 20 features that have the biggest effects on distortion and classification selection. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: The simulation findings show that HRFE has a significant computer vision enhancement when compared to comparable feature selection methods in the literature, particularly for ECoG signal, which achieves about 93% reliability.

Rare Presentations of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Exposing Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Nature of an Otherwise Indolent Disease: Case Series.

ABSTRACT: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) usually manifests as an indolent cancer with good prognosis. However, rarely uncommon sites of metastatic involvement can worsen the prognosis and require aggressive therapeutic approach. Here in, we describe 5 patients (3 women and 2 men) harboring rare sites of metastatic involvement from DTC including the adrenals, colon, kidneys, urinary bladder, brachial plexus, and superior vena cava with contiguous right atrial involvement. The awareness of such rare sites of involvement from DTC is imperative for treating clinicians to plan individualistic approach in management including multiprong therapies for better patient care.

Non-invasive ventral cervical magnetoneurography as a proxy of in vivo lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

Maintenance of autonomic homeostasis is continuously calibrated by sensory fibers of the vagus nerve and sympathetic chain that convey compound action potentials (CAPs) to the central nervous system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenous challenge reliably elicits a robust inflammatory response that can resemble systemic inflammation and acute endotoxemia. Here, we administered LPS intravenously in nine healthy subjects while recording ventral cervical magnetoneurography (vcMNG)-derived CAPs at the rostral Right Nodose Ganglion (RNG) and the caudal Right Carotid Artery (RCA) with optically pumped magnetometers (OPM). We observed vcMNG RNG and RCA neural firing rates that tracked changes in TNF-α levels in the systemic circulation. Further, endotype subgroups based on high and low IL-6 responders segregate RNG CAP frequency (at 30-120 min) and based on high and low IL-10 response discriminate RCA CAP frequency (at 0-30 min). These vcMNG tools may enhance understanding and management of the neuroimmune axis that can guide personalized treatment based on an individual's distinct endophenotype.

EMG-projected MEG high-resolution source imaging of human motor execution: Brain-muscle coupling above movement frequencies.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive functional imaging technique for pre-surgical mapping. However, movement-related MEG functional mapping of primary motor cortex (M1) has been challenging in presurgical patients with brain lesions and sensorimotor dysfunction due to the large numbers of trials needed to obtain adequate signal to noise. Moreover, it is not fully understood how effective the brain communication is with the muscles at frequencies above the movement frequency and its harmonics. We developed a novel Electromyography (EMG)-projected MEG source imaging technique for localizing early-stage (-100 to 0 ms) M1 activity during ~l min recordings of left and right self-paced finger movements (~1 Hz). High-resolution MEG source images were obtained by projecting M1 activity towards the skin EMG signal without trial averaging. We studied delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (15-30 Hz), gamma (30-90 Hz), and upper-gamma (60-90 Hz) bands in 13 healthy participants (26 datasets) and three presurgical patients with sensorimotor dysfunction. In healthy participants, EMG-projected MEG accurately localized M1 with high accuracy in delta (100.0%), theta (100.0%), and beta (76.9%) bands, but not alpha (34.6%) or gamma/upper-gamma (0.0%) bands. Except for delta, all other frequency bands were above the movement frequency and its harmonics. In three presurgical patients, M1 activity in the affected hemisphere was also accurately localized, despite highly irregular EMG movement patterns in one patient. Altogether, our EMG-projected MEG imaging approach is highly accurate and feasible for M1 mapping in presurgical patients. The results also provide insight into movement-related brain-muscle coupling above the movement frequency and its harmonics.

EMG-projected MEG High-Resolution Source Imaging of Human Motor Execution: Brain-Muscle Coupling above Movement Frequencies.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive functional imaging technique for pre-surgical mapping. However, movement-related MEG functional mapping of primary motor cortex (M1) has been challenging in presurgical patients with brain lesions and sensorimotor dysfunction due to the large numbers of trails needed to obtain adequate signal to noise. Moreover, it is not fully understood how effective the brain communication is with the muscles at frequencies above the movement frequency and its harmonics. We developed a novel Electromyography (EMG)-projected MEG source imaging technique for localizing M1 during ~1 minute recordings of left and right self-paced finger movements (~1 Hz). High-resolution MEG source images were obtained by projecting M1 activity towards the skin EMG signal without trial averaging. We studied delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (15-30 Hz), and gamma (30-90 Hz) bands in 13 healthy participants (26 datasets) and two presurgical patients with sensorimotor dysfunction. In healthy participants, EMG-projected MEG accurately localized M1 with high accuracy in delta (100.0%), theta (100.0%), and beta (76.9%) bands, but not alpha (34.6%) and gamma (0.0%) bands. Except for delta, all other frequency bands were above the movement frequency and its harmonics. In both presurgical patients, M1 activity in the affected hemisphere was also accurately localized, despite highly irregular EMG movement patterns in one patient. Altogether, our EMG-projected MEG imaging approach is highly accurate and feasible for M1 mapping in presurgical patients. The results also provide insight into movement related brain-muscle coupling above the movement frequency and its harmonics.

Peripheral Nerve Magnetoneurography With Optically Pumped Magnetometers.

Electrodiagnosis is routinely integrated into clinical neurophysiology practice for peripheral nerve disease diagnoses, such as neuropathy, demyelinating disorders, nerve entrapment/impingement, plexopathy, or radiculopathy. Measured with conventional surface electrodes, the propagation of peripheral nerve action potentials along a nerve is the result of ionic current flow which, according to Ampere's Law, generates a small magnetic field that is also detected as an "action current" by magnetometers, such as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems. Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are an emerging class of quantum magnetic sensors with a demonstrated sensitivity at the 1 fT/√Hz level, capable of cortical action current detection. But OPMs were ostensibly constrained to low bandwidth therefore precluding their use in peripheral nerve electrodiagnosis. With careful OPM bandwidth characterization, we hypothesized OPMs may also detect compound action current signatures consistent with both Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP) and the Hoffmann Reflex (H-Reflex). In as much, our work confirms OPMs enabled with expanded bandwidth can detect the magnetic signature of both the SNAP and H-Reflex. Taken together, OPMs now show potential as an emerging electrodiagnostic tool.

A flexible adhesive surface electrode array capable of cervical electroneurography during a sequential autonomic stress challenge.

This study introduces a flexible, adhesive-integrated electrode array that was developed to enable non-invasive monitoring of cervical nerve activity. The device uses silver-silver chloride as the electrode material of choice and combines it with an electrode array consisting of a customized biopotential data acquisition unit and integrated graphical user interface (GUI) for visualization of real-time monitoring. Preliminary testing demonstrated this electrode design can achieve a high signal to noise ratio during cervical neural recordings. To demonstrate the capability of the surface electrodes to detect changes in cervical neuronal activity, the cold-pressor test (CPT) and a timed respiratory challenge were employed as stressors to the autonomic nervous system. This sensor system recording, a new technique, was termed Cervical Electroneurography (CEN). By applying a custom spike sorting algorithm to the electrode measurements, neural activity was classified in two ways: (1) pre-to-post CPT, and (2) during a timed respiratory challenge. Unique to this work: (1) rostral to caudal channel position-specific (cephalad to caudal) firing patterns and (2) cross challenge biotype-specific change in average CEN firing, were observed with both CPT and the timed respiratory challenge. Future work is planned to develop an ambulatory CEN recording device that could provide immediate notification of autonomic nervous system activity changes that might indicate autonomic dysregulation in healthy subjects and clinical disease states.

Role of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor, and p53 in neoangiogenesis as correlated with stage of disease in colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is critical for the growth of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Vascular endothelial growth factor is the most important angiogenic growth factor. METHOD: Fifty cases of CRC operated at INHS Asvini were studied by using immunohistochemical labelling of the tumours by using CD34, p53, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS: Out of the 50 cases, 31 (62%) were positive for p53; of which 80.7% showed high expression. Significant staining (> 20% tumour cells showing positivity) was seen in 33 patients (66%), while 34% were negative. Of the 33 positive cases, 57.58% showed high-grade VEGF positivity. CONCLUSION: Vascular endothelial growth factor correlated significantly with the stage and grade of disease. Intra tumours microvessel density as calculated from CD34 expression increased with the stage and grade of the CRC.

Pulmonary Embolism as Post-COVID-19 Sequelae: Role of Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy.

We present the case of a 41-year-old male, suspected to have pulmonary thromboembolism with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 1 month ago. He presented with dyspnea and dry cough for 2 weeks. D-dimer was >776.70 mcg/L. Lung perfusion scan with Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin revealed multiple bilateral segmental perfusion defects with no mass lesion/consolidation on high-resolution computed tomography (CT) of lungs suggestive of pulmonary embolism (PE) present according to perfusion only modified PIOPED II criteria. CT pulmonary angiogram showed a large filling defect in the right pulmonary artery. The case emphasizes the prolonged sequelae following COVID-19 after recovery from the acute phase of the illness. Lung perfusion scintigraphy can play an important role in the screening of such patients who may be at risk for developing PE as post-COVID-19 sequelae.

Digital healthcare technologies: Modern tools to transform prosthetic care.

INTRODUCTION: Digital healthcare technologies are transforming the face of prosthetic care. Millions of people with limb loss around the world do not have access to any form of rehabilitative healthcare. However, digital technologies provide a promising solution to augment the range and efficiency of prosthetists. AREAS COVERED: The goal of this review is to introduce the digital technologies that have the potential to change clinical methods in prosthetic healthcare. Our target audience are researchers who are unfamiliar with the field of prostheses in general, especially with the newest technological developments. This review addresses technologies for: scanning of amputated limbs, limb-to-socket rectification, additive manufacturing of prosthetic sockets, and quantifying patient response to wearing sockets. This review does not address biomechatronic prostheses or biomechanical design practices. EXPERT OPINION: Digital technologies will enable affordable prostheses to be built on a scale larger than with today's clinical practices. Large technological gaps need to be overcome to enable the mass production and distribution of prostheses digitally. However, recent advances in computational methods and CAD/CAM technologies are bridging this gap faster than ever before. We foresee that these technologies will return mobility and economic opportunity to amputees on a global scale in the near future.

Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation alters neural response and physiological autonomic tone to noxious thermal challenge.

The mechanisms by which noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) affect central and peripheral neural circuits that subserve pain and autonomic physiology are not clear, and thus remain an area of intense investigation. Effects of nVNS vs sham stimulation on subject responses to five noxious thermal stimuli (applied to left lower extremity), were measured in 30 healthy subjects (n = 15 sham and n = 15 nVNS), with fMRI and physiological galvanic skin response (GSR). With repeated noxious thermal stimuli a group × time analysis showed a significantly (p < .001) decreased response with nVNS in bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (SI and SII), left dorsoposterior insular cortex, bilateral paracentral lobule, bilateral medial dorsal thalamus, right anterior cingulate cortex, and right orbitofrontal cortex. A group × time × GSR analysis showed a significantly decreased response in the nVNS group (p < .0005) bilaterally in SI, lower and mid medullary brainstem, and inferior occipital cortex. Finally, nVNS treatment showed decreased activity in pronociceptive brainstem nuclei (e.g. the reticular nucleus and rostral ventromedial medulla) and key autonomic integration nuclei (e.g. the rostroventrolateral medulla, nucleus ambiguous, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve). In aggregate, noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation reduced the physiological response to noxious thermal stimuli and impacted neural circuits important for pain processing and autonomic output.

Efficacy of site-independent telemedicine in the STRokE DOC trial: a randomised, blinded, prospective study.

BACKGROUND: To increase the effective use of thrombolytics for acute stroke, the expertise of vascular neurologists must be disseminated more widely. We prospectively assessed whether telemedicine (real-time, two-way audio and video, and digital imaging and communications in medicine [DICOM] interpretation) or telephone was superior for decision making in acute telemedicine consultations. METHODS: From January, 2004, to August, 2007, patients older than 18 years who presented with acute stroke symptoms at one of four remote spoke sites were randomly assigned, through a web-based, permuted blocks system, to telemedicine or telephone consultation to assess their suitability for treatment with thrombolytics, on the basis of standard criteria. The primary outcome measure was whether the decision to give thrombolytic treatment was correct, as determined by central adjudication. Secondary outcomes were the rate of thrombolytic use, 90-day functional outcomes (Barthel index [BI] and modified Rankin scale [mRS]), the incidence of intracerebral haemorrhages, and technical observations. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00283868. FINDINGS: 234 patients were assessed prospectively. 111 patients were randomised to telemedicine, and 111 patients were randomised to telephone consultation; 207 completed the study. Mean National Institutes of Health stroke scale score at presentation was 9.5 (SD 8.1) points (11.4 [8.7] points in the telemedicine group versus 7.7 [7.0] points in the telephone group; p=0.002). One telemedicine consultation was aborted for technical reasons, although it was included in the analyses. Correct treatment decisions were made more often in the telemedicine group than in the telephone group (108 [98%] vs 91 [82%], odds ratio [OR] 10.9, 95% CI 2.7-44.6; p=0.0009). Intravenous thrombolytics were used at an overall rate of 25% (31 [28%] telemedicine vs 25 [23%] telephone, 1.3, 0.7-2.5; p=0.43). 90-day functional outcomes were not different for BI (95-100) (0.6, 0.4-1.1; p=0.13) or for mRS score (0.6, 0.3-1.1; p=0.09). There was no difference in mortality (1.6, 0.8-3.4; p=0.27) or rates of intracerebral haemorrhage after treatment with thrombolytics (2 [7%] telemedicine vs 2 [8%] telephone, 0.8, 0.1-6.3; p=1.0). However, there were more incomplete data in the telephone group than in the telemedicine group (12%vs 3%, 0.2, 0.1-0.3; p=0.0001). INTERPRETATION: The authors of this trial report that stroke telemedicine consultations result in more accurate decision making compared with telephone consultations and can serve as a model for the effectiveness of telemedicine in other medical specialties. The more appropriate decisions, high rates of thrombolysis use, improved data collection, low rate of intracerebral haemorrhage, low technical complications, and favourable time requirements all support the efficacy of telemedicine for making treatment decisions, and might enable more practitioners to use this medium in daily stroke care.

A Correlative Study between Platelet Count, Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width with the Disease Severity Index in Psoriasis Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Platelet activation is presumed to play an important role in the immunoinflammatory reactions. Several recent studies on a variety of inflammatory disorders have used Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) as a marker for platelet activation. AIM: To determine the relationship between haematological parameters and disease severity index in psoriasis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Case control study was carried out on 50 psoriatic patients and 50 healthy control subjects. Ten haematologic parameters were compared between patients and control subjects. These parameters were also correlated in patients with PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) score. The data was statistically analysed using IBM SPSS software (Version 21). Spearman Rank Correlation was used to find the correlation between PASI and haematological parameters. RESULTS: When all the patients were considered together, mean values for MPV, Platelet Count (PLT) and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) were significantly different between the two groups (Control and Patients). While MPV and RDW were raised, PLT was reduced in patients of both sexes when compared with controls. In Male patients the MPV and RDW showed statistically significant correlation with Psoriasis Area And Severity Index (PASI) (MPV <0.01; RDW<0.05), whereas PLT though reduced in both sexes when compared with controls, it showed significance in female patients alone (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: The mean values for MPV and RDW were higher and mean platelet values were lower in patients than controls. The MPV values in male patients and Platelet counts in female patients showed strong positive and negative correlation respectively with the PASI score. It can be concluded that rising MPV and decreasing PLT could be good indicators of disease severity and progression. These indicators could also help in assessing the treatment course of the disease.