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1.
Nat Immunol ; 23(1): 50-61, 2022 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34853448

ABSTRACT

NP105-113-B*07:02-specific CD8+ T cell responses are considered among the most dominant in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. We found strong association of this response with mild disease. Analysis of NP105-113-B*07:02-specific T cell clones and single-cell sequencing were performed concurrently, with functional avidity and antiviral efficacy assessed using an in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection system, and were correlated with T cell receptor usage, transcriptome signature and disease severity (acute n = 77, convalescent n = 52). We demonstrated a beneficial association of NP105-113-B*07:02-specific T cells in COVID-19 disease progression, linked with expansion of T cell precursors, high functional avidity and antiviral effector function. Broad immune memory pools were narrowed postinfection but NP105-113-B*07:02-specific T cells were maintained 6 months after infection with preserved antiviral efficacy to the SARS-CoV-2 Victoria strain, as well as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants. Our data show that NP105-113-B*07:02-specific T cell responses associate with mild disease and high antiviral efficacy, pointing to inclusion for future vaccine design.


Subject(s)
HLA-B7 Antigen/immunology , Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology , Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology , Aged , Amino Acid Sequence , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Antibody Affinity/immunology , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/pathology , Cell Line, Transformed , Female , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Immunologic Memory/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology , Severity of Illness Index , Vaccinia virus/genetics , Vaccinia virus/immunology , Vaccinia virus/metabolism
2.
Bioinformatics ; 38(13): 3490-3492, 2022 06 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35608303

ABSTRACT

MOTIVATION: With continually improved instrumentation, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy can now be used to capture thousands of high-resolution spectra for chemical characterization of a sample. The spatially resolved nature of this method lends itself well to histological profiling of complex biological specimens. However, current software can make joint analysis of multiple samples challenging and, for large datasets, computationally infeasible. RESULTS: To overcome these limitations, we have developed Photizo-an open-source Python library enabling high-throughput spectral data pre-processing, visualization and downstream analysis, including principal component analysis, clustering, macromolecular quantification and mapping. Photizo can be used for analysis of data without a spatial component, as well as spatially resolved data, obtained e.g. by scanning mode IR microspectroscopy and IR imaging by focal plane array detector. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The code underlying this article is available at https://github.com/DendrouLab/Photizo with access to example data available at https://zenodo.org/record/6417982#.Yk2O9TfMI6A.


Subject(s)
Libraries , Software , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods , Gene Library , Principal Component Analysis
3.
Plant Cell ; 32(9): 2742-2762, 2020 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32699170

ABSTRACT

While root diseases are among the most devastating stresses in global crop production, our understanding of root immunity is still limited relative to our knowledge of immune responses in leaves. Considering that root performance is based on the concerted functions of its different cell types, we undertook a cell type-specific transcriptome analysis to identify gene networks activated in epidermis, cortex, and pericycle cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots challenged with two immunity elicitors, the bacterial flagellin-derived flg22 and the endogenous Pep1 peptide. Our analyses revealed distinct immunity gene networks in each cell type. To further substantiate our understanding of regulatory patterns underlying these cell type-specific immunity networks, we developed a tool to analyze paired transcription factor binding motifs in the promoters of cell type-specific genes. Our study points toward a connection between cell identity and cell type-specific immunity networks that might guide cell types in launching immune response according to the functional capabilities of each cell type.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis/cytology , Arabidopsis/immunology , Gene Regulatory Networks/immunology , Plant Roots/immunology , Arabidopsis/physiology , Arabidopsis Proteins , Basidiomycota , Binding Sites , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Plant Cells/immunology , Plant Immunity/genetics , Plant Immunity/physiology , Plant Roots/cytology , Plant Roots/microbiology , Plants, Genetically Modified , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Signal Transduction , Trans-Activators
4.
J Exp Bot ; 73(7): 2142-2156, 2022 04 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34850882

ABSTRACT

Legumes house nitrogen-fixing endosymbiotic rhizobia in specialized polyploid cells within root nodules, which undergo tightly regulated metabolic activity. By carrying out expression analysis of transcripts over time in Medicago truncatula nodules, we found that the circadian clock enables coordinated control of metabolic and regulatory processes linked to nitrogen fixation. This involves the circadian clock-associated transcription factor LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), with lhy mutants being affected in nodulation. Rhythmic transcripts in root nodules include a subset of nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) that have the LHY-bound conserved evening element in their promoters. Until now, studies have suggested that NCRs act to regulate bacteroid differentiation and keep the rhizobial population in check. However, these conclusions came from the study of a few members of this very large gene family that has complex diversified spatio-temporal expression. We suggest that rhythmic expression of NCRs may be important for temporal coordination of bacterial activity with the rhythms of the plant host, in order to ensure optimal symbiosis.


Subject(s)
Circadian Clocks , Medicago truncatula , Sinorhizobium meliloti , Cysteine/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Medicago truncatula/metabolism , Nitrogen Fixation/physiology , Peptides/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Root Nodulation/genetics , Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism , Symbiosis
5.
Genome Biol ; 25(1): 181, 2024 Jul 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38978088

ABSTRACT

Single-cell multiomic analysis of the epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome allows for comprehensive characterization of the molecular circuitry that underpins cell identity and state. However, the holistic interpretation of such datasets presents a challenge given a paucity of approaches for systematic, joint evaluation of different modalities. Here, we present Panpipes, a set of computational workflows designed to automate multimodal single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses by incorporating widely-used Python-based tools to perform quality control, preprocessing, integration, clustering, and reference mapping at scale. Panpipes allows reliable and customizable analysis and evaluation of individual and integrated modalities, thereby empowering decision-making before downstream investigations.


Subject(s)
Single-Cell Analysis , Software , Transcriptome , Single-Cell Analysis/methods , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Humans , Workflow
6.
Genome Biol ; 25(1): 109, 2024 04 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38671451

ABSTRACT

Single-cell multiplexing techniques (cell hashing and genetic multiplexing) combine multiple samples, optimizing sample processing and reducing costs. Cell hashing conjugates antibody-tags or chemical-oligonucleotides to cell membranes, while genetic multiplexing allows to mix genetically diverse samples and relies on aggregation of RNA reads at known genomic coordinates. We develop hadge (hashing deconvolution combined with genotype information), a Nextflow pipeline that combines 12 methods to perform both hashing- and genotype-based deconvolution. We propose a joint deconvolution strategy combining best-performing methods and demonstrate how this approach leads to the recovery of previously discarded cells in a nuclei hashing of fresh-frozen brain tissue.


Subject(s)
Single-Cell Analysis , Single-Cell Analysis/methods , Humans , Brain/metabolism , Brain/cytology , Software , Genotype
7.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 4065, 2023 07 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37429856

ABSTRACT

Plants have benefited from interactions with symbionts for coping with challenging environments since the colonisation of land. The mechanisms of symbiont-mediated beneficial effects and similarities and differences to pathogen strategies are mostly unknown. Here, we use 106 (effector-) proteins, secreted by the symbiont Serendipita indica (Si) to modulate host physiology, to map interactions with Arabidopsis thaliana host proteins. Using integrative network analysis, we show significant convergence on target-proteins shared with pathogens and exclusive targeting of Arabidopsis proteins in the phytohormone signalling network. Functional in planta screening and phenotyping of Si effectors and interacting proteins reveals previously unknown hormone functions of Arabidopsis proteins and direct beneficial activities mediated by effectors in Arabidopsis. Thus, symbionts and pathogens target a shared molecular microbe-host interface. At the same time Si effectors specifically target the plant hormone network and constitute a powerful resource for elucidating the signalling network function and boosting plant productivity.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins , Arabidopsis , Plant Growth Regulators , Signal Transduction , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Hormones
8.
Cell Death Dis ; 13(12): 1038, 2022 12 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36513635

ABSTRACT

Prenatal inflammatory insults accompany prematurity and provoke diffuse white matter injury (DWMI), which is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental pathologies, including autism spectrum disorders. DWMI results from maturation arrest of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), a process that is poorly understood. Here, by using a validated mouse model of OPC maturation blockade, we provide the genome-wide ID card of the effects of neuroinflammation on OPCs that reveals the architecture of global cell fate issues underlining their maturation blockade. First, we find that, in OPCs, neuroinflammation takes advantage of a primed epigenomic landscape and induces abnormal overexpression of genes of the immune/inflammatory pathways: these genes strikingly exhibit accessible chromatin conformation in uninflamed OPCs, which correlates with their developmental, stage-dependent expression, along their normal maturation trajectory, as well as their abnormal upregulation upon neuroinflammation. Consistently, we observe the positioning on DNA of key transcription factors of the immune/inflammatory pathways (IRFs, NFkB), in both unstressed and inflamed OPCs. Second, we show that, in addition to the general perturbation of the myelination program, neuroinflammation counteracts the physiological downregulation of the cell cycle pathway in maturing OPCs. Neuroinflammation therefore perturbs cell identity in maturing OPCs, in a global manner. Moreover, based on our unraveling of the activity of genes of the immune/inflammatory pathways in prenatal uninflamed OPCs, the mere suppression of these proinflammatory mediators, as currently proposed in the field, may not be considered as a valid neurotherapeutic strategy.


Subject(s)
Oligodendroglia , White Matter , Mice , Animals , Pregnancy , Female , Oligodendroglia/metabolism , Mice, Transgenic , White Matter/pathology , Epigenomics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neuroinflammatory Diseases , Cell Differentiation , Cell Cycle/genetics , Epigenesis, Genetic
9.
Trends Plant Sci ; 25(2): 186-197, 2020 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31780334

ABSTRACT

Plant function is the result of the concerted action of single cells in different tissues. Advances in RNA-seq technologies and tissue processing allow us now to capture transcriptional changes at single-cell resolution. The incredible potential of single-cell RNA-seq lies in the novel ability to study and exploit regulatory processes in complex tissues based on the behaviour of single cells. Importantly, the independence from reporter lines allows the analysis of any given tissue in any plant. While there are challenges associated with the handling and analysis of complex datasets, the opportunities are unique to generate knowledge of tissue functions in unprecedented detail and to facilitate the application of such information by mapping cellular functions and interactions in a plant cell atlas.


Subject(s)
Genomics , Transcriptome , Computational Biology , Plants , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Single-Cell Analysis
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