[Obtain best usage of meropenem dose in severe infections. Results of an observational multicenter study]. / Optimización de la dosis de meropenem en infecciones graves. Resultados de un estudio multicéntrico observacional.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the effectiveness and tolerability of the dose adjustment of meropenem in empirical treatment of nosocomial infections in critically-ill patients admitted to intensive care medicine services. METHODS: Prospective, observational and multicenter study in patients admitted to 17 intensive care medicine services with nosocomial infection, who were initially treated with meropenem, 1 g every 8 h, were eligible. The initial dose was adjusted to 0.5 g every 8 h if there were: a) a favorable clinical course, and b) microbiological isolation of meropenem-susceptible pathogens or absence of pathogens in cultures. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients in whom meropenem doses were adjusted to 0.5 g every 8 h were included. Ventilator-associated pneumonia followed by bacteremia was the most frequently treated infections. Microbiological studies were positive in 53 patients, with a predominance of gram-positive bacteria (53.7%), especially methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, followed by gram-negative bacteria (42.7 %). A total of 18 patients were not evaluable at the end of treatment. Sixty-seven (90.5 %) of the 74 evaluable patients had a favorable clinical course (54 patients cured and 13 improved). In 50 out of 53 microbiologically evaluable cases, eradication or apparent eradication of initial microorganisms was achieved. In 3 cases, the initial pathogen persisted: Acinetobacter baumannii (2 cases) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 case). On three occasions, new pathogens developed during treatment: A. baumannii (2 cases) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (1 case). Adverse events occurred in 3 patients (4%), none of which was considered severe, and withdrawal of meropenem was not necessary. A total of 25 (27.2 %) patients died, three of them in relation to the infectious process. CONCLUSIONS: Dose adjustment of meropenem to 0.5 g every 8 h is a useful tool in the treatment of severe nosocomial infections in patients admitted to services of intensive care medicine except in cases in which causative pathogens are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria.

El tratamiento con implantes mediante la elevacion transalveolar del seno maxilar en pacientes geriatricos / Implant treatment by transalveolar maxillary sinus elevation in geriatric patients

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio era mostrar los resultados clínicos del tratamiento del maxilar superior posterior con implantes colocados mediante la técnica de elevación transalveolar del seno maxilar en pacientes geriátricos. Pacientes y Métodos: 24 pacientes geriátricos (15 hombres y 9 mujeres) con pérdidas dentales maxilares fueron tratados con 28 implantes diferentes colocados mediante la técnica de elevación sinusal transalveolar para su posterior rehabilitación prostodóncica. Los implantes fueron cargados después de un periodo de cicatrización de 6 meses. Resultados: Los hallazgos clínicos indican una supervivencia y éxito de los implantes del 96,4%. En un paciente de los 24 tratados (4,2%) se perdió un implante (3,6%). La altura ósea residual media fué de 6,38 ±1,10 mm (rango:5-10 mm). La ganancia media de hueso vertical fué de 4,40 ±1,15 mm (rango: 2-7 mm). 67,8% de los implantes se insertaron en localización molar y el 32,2% en la localización premolar. Se utilizaron biomateriales en el 97,8% de los implantes. Se realizaron coronas unitarias en 20 pacientes (83,3%), puentes fijos en 3 pacientes (12,5%) y una sobredentadura con bolas en un paciente (4,2%). El seguimiento medio de los pacientes estudiados ha sido de 64,2 ±8,6 meses con un rango entre 50 y 82 meses. Conclusiones: Este estudio indica que el tratamiento con implantes dentales mediante la elevación transalveolar del seno maxilar superior en pacientes geriátricos, constituye una terapéutica implantológica con una elevada tasa de éxito. (AU)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the clinical findings of treatment of posterior maxilla with dental implants inserted by transalveolar sinus elevation in geriatric patients. Patients and Methods: 24 geriatric patients (15 males and 9 females) with maxillary tooth loss were treated with 28 different implants placed by transalveolar sinus elevation for rehabilitation of posterior maxilla. Implants were loaded after a healing free-loading period of 6 months. Results: Clinical findings indicate a survival and success rate of implants of 96.4%. In one patient of 24 treated patients (4.2%), one implant was lost (3.6%). The mean residual height was 6.38 mm±1.10 mm (range: 5-10 mm). The mean elevation height was 4.40 mm±1.10 mm (range: 2-7 mm). 67.8% of implants were inserted in molar and 32.2% in premolar localization. Bone substitutes were used in 97.8% of implants. Twenty patients (83.3%) were restored with single crowns, 3 patients with fixed bridges (12.5%) and one patient (4.2%) with overdenture. The mean follow-up period of treated patients was 64.2 ±8.6 months (range: 50-82 months). Conclusions: This study indicates that treatment with dental implants placed by transalveolar sinus elevation in geriatric patients constitute an implant treatment with a high success rate. (AU)

El tratamiento con implantes insertados en localizaciones alveolares regeneradas con betafosfato tricalcico / Treatment with implants inserted in regenerated alveolar sites with beta-tricalcium phosphate

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio era mostrar los resultados del tratamiento con implantes dentales insertados en área regeneradas con betafosfato tricálcico. Métodos: 48 pacientes con pérdidas dentales parciales fueron tratados con 97 implantes Galimplant ® en área regeneradas con betafofato tricálcico Osteoblast ®. Diversas técnicas fueron realizadas (implantes inmediata en alveolos postextracción; expansión ósea con expansores u osteotomos y elevación transalveolar / lateral del seno maxilar). Los implantes fueron cargados después de un periodo de cicatrización de 6 meses. Resultados: 48 pacientes fueron tratados con implantes, con una edad media de 37,4 años (rango: 22-63 años). En 16 pacientes (33,3%) se realizó la inserción de implantes de forma inmediata en alveolos postextracción. En 9 pacientes (18,7%) se realizó la técnica de expansión ósea con expansores u osteotomos. En 10 pacientes (20,8%) se realizó la elevación transalveolar del seno maxilar. En 13 pacientes (27,1%) la elevación sinusal fué lateral. En la investigación realizada se perdieron 4 implantes de los 97 insertados (4,1%). 2 implantes fueron fracasos inmediatos o precoces (2,06%) ya que se perdieron, durante la fase de cicatrización, al no conseguir la oseointegración. Los 2 fracasos tardíos fueron por periimplantitis (2,06%). La pérdida media de hueso marginal fué de 1,34 ±1,19 mm. Se realizaron un total de 78 prótesis (100%), 61 coronas unitarias (78,2%) y 17 puentes fijos (21,8%). El periodo de seguimiento clínico ha sido de 5 años. Conclusiones: Este estudio indica que los implantes dentales pueden ser insertados con éxito en las áreas regeneradas con betafosfato tricálcico. (AU)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the outcome of treatment with dental implants inserted in regenerated sites with beta-tricalcium phosphate. Methods: 48 patients with partial tooth loss were treated with 97 Galimplant ® implants in regenerated sites with beta-tricalcium phosphate Osteoblast ®. Patients were treated with several surgical tecniques (immediate implants in fresh sockets, alveolar ridge expansion, transalveolar /lateral sinus elevation). Implants were loaded after a healing free-loading period of 6 months. Results: 48 patients were treated, with a mean age of 37.4 years (range: 22-63 yr), with 97 implants. Sixteen patients (33.3%) were treated with immediate implants in fresh sockets; in 9 patients (18.7%), alveolar ridge expansion were used; and 10 patients (20.8%) were treated with transalveolar or lateral sinus elevation (13 patients; 27.1%). 2 implants (2,06%) were lost during the healing period and two implant (2,06%) was lost by peri-implantitis. Marginal bone loss was 1.34 ±1.19 mm. A total of 78 prostheses were realized, 61 single crowns (78.2%) and 17 fixed bridges (21.8%). The follow-up period was of 5 years. Conclusions: This study indicate that dental implants can be inserted with success in regenerated sites with beta-tricalcium phosphate. Conclusions: This study indicates that treatment with dental implants placed by transalveolar sinus elevation in geriatric patients constitute an implant treatment with a high success rate. (AU)

Investigación clínica a largo plazo del tratamiento con implantes dentales / Long-term clinical research of treatment with dental implants

La implantología oral clínica ha evolucionado significativamente durante las últimas décadas. El desarrollo de los aspectos diagnósticos, quirúrgicos y prostodóncicos ha mejorado la predictibilidad de la oseointegración y los resultados clínicos a largo plazo del tratamiento con implantes. Además, algunos criterios de condiciones clínicas y radiográficas se han incorporado al concepto de éxito, como el nivel de los implantes, los tejidos periimplantarios, el nivel de la prótesis y el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes. La evidencia científica ha demostrado que el tratamiento con implantes es una excelente opción para la rehabilitación de los pacientes con parcial y total edentulismo. De hecho, los estudios a largo plazo reflejan el éxito de las rehabilitaciones fijas, sobredentaduras, puentes fijos y coronas unitaria. Sin embargo, algunas complicaciones biológicas y prostéticas han definido los conceptos diferentes de éxito y supervivencia de los implantes dentales. Conclusiones: Este trabajo indica que las restauraciones sobre implantes dentales en la rehabilitación de los pacientes parcial y totalmente edéntulos constituye un tratamiento odontológico con resultados clínicos a largo plazo con un elevado éxito. (AU)

Clinical implant dentistry has evolved significantly during last decades. The development of diagnostic, surgical and prosthetic aspects has improved the predictability of osseointegration and long-term clinical outcomes of the implant treatment. Moreover, several criteria of clinical and radiographic conditions have been incorporated in the concept of implant success, as implant level, peri-implant tissues, prosthetic level, and patient satisfaction. The scientific evidence of the literature demonstrates that implant treatment is an excellent option for the rehabilitation of patients with partial and total edentulism. In fact, long-term studies are reported the success of fixed total rehabilitation, overdentures, fixed bridges and single crowns. However, some biological and technical complications are defined the different concepts of success and survival of prosthetic and dental implants. Conclusions: This paper indicates that restorations with dental implants in the rehabilitation of partially and totally edentulous patients constitute a dental treatment with long-term clinical outcomes with a high success. (AU)

Efecto del slope tibial en la recuperación funcional, en pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior / Effect of tibial slope on functional recovery in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Resumen: Introducción: El slope tibial (inclinación) se ha identificado como uno de los factores asociados a la falla del injerto tras una reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA); sin embargo, su relación con los resultados funcionales ha sido poco estudiada. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el efecto del slope tibial en la recuperación funcional, en pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción de LCA. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes con lesión de LCA sometidos a reconstrucción primaria, de Mayo de 2018 a Mayo de 2019, midiendo el slope tibial y recabando los puntajes de IKDC y Lysholm. Se elaboró un análisis descriptivo de primera intención y para alcanzar los objetivos se realizó una comparativa de 25 pacientes con slope tibial normal seleccionados aleatoriamente contra 25 pacientes con slope tibial aumentado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 98 pacientes, 73 contaban con un slope tibial normal y 25 con un slope tibial aumentado. Los puntajes de IKDC y Lysholm al final del seguimiento fueron mejores en los pacientes con slope tibial normal. La falla del injerto sólo se identificó en el grupo con slope tibial aumentado. Por otro lado, al análisis comparativo con el grupo control demostró un mejor resultado funcional al final del seguimiento valorado por IKDC en el grupo con slope tibial normal. Conclusión: Los pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción de LCA y slope tibial aumentado tienen un resultado funcional inferior al año de seguimiento evaluado por IKDC en comparación con pacientes con slope tibial dentro de parámetros normales.

Abstract: Introduction: The tibial slope has been identified as one of the factors associated with graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction; however, its relationship with functional results has been little studied. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the tibial slope on functional recovery in patients undergoing reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Material and methods: We included patients with a diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury undergoing primary reconstruction, from May 2018 to May 2019, who had a complete radiographic and clinical record; also, the scores from questionnaires of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores were collected pre surgical procedures and throughout the one-year follow-up. The measurement of the tibial slope was performed in lateral knee X-rays from the electronic clinical record. A descriptive analysis of first intention was done, and to achieve the objectives, we compared 25 patients who had normal tibial slope that were selected randomly with 25 patients who had increased tibial slope. Results: A total of 98 patients were included, 73 had a normal tibial slope (equal to or less than 12 degrees) and 25 with an increased tibial slope (greater than 12 degrees), the average age in both groups was 28.43 years for the group with normal tibial slope and 28.26 for patients with increased tibial slope. Regarding the functional assessment, the IKDC and Lysholm scores at the end of the follow-up were better for patients with normal tibial slope. Graft failure was only identified in the group with increased tibial slope. On the other hand, the comparative analysis with the control group randomly selected who had normal tibial slope, showed a better functional result assessed by IKDC score at the end of the follow-up for the group with normal tibial slope. Conclusion: Patients undergoing ACL reconstruction and increased Tibial Slope have an inferior functional result at one year of follow-up assessed by IKDC, when compared with patients with normal tibial slope.

Eficacia de la infiltración periarticular con anestésico local y adyuvantes para control del dolor postquirúrgico en la artroplastía total de rodilla / Effectiveness of peri-articular infiltration with local anesthetic and adjuvants for post-surgical pain control in total knee replacement

Resumen: Introducción: La artroplastía total de rodilla (ATR) es uno de los tratamientos ortopédicos más exitosos; sin embargo, se ha asociado a dolor postquirúrgico intenso en 30-60% de los pacientes. Nosotros planteamos que la infiltración de la cápsula articular de la rodilla durante la cirugía disminuirá el dolor postquirúrgico. Material y métodos: Estudio experimental, aleatorio, doble ciego, en pacientes sometidos a ATR unilateral entre Abril de 2018 a Enero de 2019. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos, el primero infiltración con placebo y el segundo con solución anestésica y adyuvantes (fentanilo, epinefrina y ketorolaco). Se cuantificó mediante escala visual análoga (EVA) del dolor a las cuatro, seis, ocho, 12, 18, 24, 36 y 48 horas postquirúrgicas, así como del consumo de analgésicos opioides y antieméticos. Resultados: Veinte pacientes en cada grupo, con un seguimiento de cuatro semanas. No hubo diferencias significativas en las características demográficas entre ambos grupos. Se observó un mejor control del dolor postquirúrgico en el grupo que recibió infiltración con anestésico y adyuvante, además de una disminución en el consumo de analgésicos opioides y antieméticos. No hubo diferencia en sangrado ni en la incidencia de infecciones entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: La infiltración pericapsular es un método seguro y eficaz, como parte de la analgesia multimodal en la artroplastía total de rodilla, ya que disminuye el dolor postquirúrgico, el consumo de opioides y antieméticos y no incrementa el sangrado postquirúrgico.

Abstract: Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most successful orthopedic treatments, however, it has been associated with severe postsurgical pain in 30-60% of patients. We propose that infiltration of the articular capsule of the knee during surgery will decrease postsurgical pain. Material and methods: Experimental, randomized, double-blind study in patients undergoing unilateral TKA between April 2018 and January 2019. Patients were divided into two groups, the first infiltration with placebo and the second with anesthetic solution and adjuvants (fentanyl, epinephrine and ketorolac). Pain was measured with the visual analog scale (VAS) at 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hours postsurgical, as well as the consumption of opioid analgesics and antiemetics. Results: 20 patients in each group, with a follow-up of 4 weeks. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups. Better control of postsurgical pain was observed in the group that received infiltration with anesthetic and adjuvant, as well as a decrease in the consumption of opioid analgesics and antiemetics. There was no difference in bleeding or in the incidence of infections between the two groups. Conclusion: Peri-capsular infiltration is a safe and effective method, as part of multimodal analgesia in total knee arthroplasty, as it decreases postsurgical pain, opioid and antiemetic use and does not increase postsurgical bleeding.

El tratamiento con implantes en pacientes con diabetes. Un estudio comparativo a 7 años / Treatment with zygomatic implants in patients with advanced atrophy of maxilla

INTRODUCCIÓN: La implantología oral puede constituir una modalidad terapéutica en el tratamiento prostodóncico de los pacientes con compromiso médico. El estudio muestra la evaluación del tratamiento con implantes en pacientes con diabetes comparados con pacientes sin diabetes. MÉTODOS: 48 pacientes edéntulos totales (24 pacientes diabéticos y 24 no diabéticos) fueron tratados con 96 implantes con superficie arenada y grabada Galimplant ® en la mandíbula para su rehabilitación prostodóncica con sobredentaduras mandibulares. 2 implantes fueron insertados en cada paciente. Los implantes fueron cargados funcionalmente tras un periodo de tiempo de 6 semanas con retenedores de fricción. Los hallazgos clínicos (implantológicos y prostodóncicos) se han seguido durante 7 años. RESULTADOS: Los resultados indican una supervivencia de los implantes del 95,8%. Durante el periodo de seguimeinto clínico se perdieron 4 implantes (dos implantes en cada grupo). La pérdida de hueso marginal media fué de 0,7 mm en ambos grupos. El 100% de los pacientes fueron tratados mediante una sobredentadura implantorretenida con anclajes de fricción. En 14 pacientes se realizaron cambios en los componentes plásticos de los ataches. El seguimiento clínico medio fue de 82,5 meses (60-102 meses). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados del presente estudio indican que el tratamiento con implantes dentales en pacientes diabéticos es una terapéutica exitosa sin diferencias entre los pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos

INTRODUCTION: Implant dentistry can to constitute a therapeutic modality in the prosthodontic treatment of medically compromised patients. This study reports the evaluation of treatment with implants in patients with diabetes compared with patients without diabetes. METHODS: 48 edentulous patients (24 diabetic patients and 24 non-diabetic patients) were treated with 96 Galimplant ® sand-blasted and acid-etched surface implants for prosthodontic rehabilitation with mandibular overdentures. Two implants were inserted in each patient. Implants were loaded after a healing free-loading period between 6 weeks with locator attaches. Clinical findings (implant and prosthodontics) were followed during at 7 years. RESULTS: Clinical results indicate a survival rate of implants of 95.8% in both groups. Four implant was lost during the follow-up period (two implants in each group). Media marginal bone loss was 0.7 mm in both groups. 100% of patients were treated with overdentures retained with 2 implants with locator attaches. Changes in plastic components of attaches were reported in 14 patients. The media follow-up was of 82.5 months (60-102 months). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical results of this study indicate that treatment with dental implants in diabetic patients is a successful implant treatment without differences with nondiabetic patients

Analgesia postoperatoria tras artroplastia total de rodilla / Postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty

La artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) es un procedimiento muy habitual en cirugía ortopédica, la cual se asocia a un dolor de moderada-severa intensidad durante las primeras 24-72 h del postoperatorio. Los beneficios de las técnicas regionales de anestesia y analgesia están demostrados. El uso de bloqueos nerviosos periféricos disminuye el dolor, el consumo de morfina y mejora la deambulación temprana; y por tanto, el alta domiciliaria y los costes asociados. Actualmente, el bloqueo del nervio femoral es el patrón oro en el control del dolor postoperatorio, asociado al uso de otros fármacos (opioides, antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, inhibidores selectivos de la ciclooxigenasa-2, entre otros) en lo que llamamos un manejo multimodal del dolor postoperatorio tras ATR, siendo este el que parece ofrecer los mejores resultados. No obstante, la aparición de nuevas técnicas analgésicas, como el bloqueo del canal aductor o la crioneurolisis, deberán ser evaluadas para orientarnos sobre la técnica más segura y efectiva en el manejo de estos pacientes

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery. It’s usually associated with a moderate-severe pain during the first 24-72 hours of post-operation. The benefits of the regional techniques of anesthesia and analgesia will be demonstrated further. The use of peripheral nerve blocks decrease pain, morphine intake and improves mobility; more over patients are discharged faster and costs are lower. Actually, femoral nerve block is the gold standar technique to control the postoperative pain, in assotiation with others drugs (opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, and others), which is called postoperative pain multimodal management after TKA, showing the best results. However, the occurrence of new analgesia techniques, like aductor canal block or cryoneurolysis, must be evaluated to give guidence about the most safe and effective technique to manage these patients

Reacción infusional grave e infrecuente por trastuzumab / An unexpected and severe infusion reaction induced by trastuzumab

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Bloqueo del plano del músculo erector de la columna en 4 casos de cirugía torácica videoasistida / The erector spinae plane block in 4 cases of video-assisted thoracic surgery

La anestesia multimodal, combinando catéter epidural y anestesia general, es una técnica habitual en cirugía torácica, sin embargo, la colocación del catéter epidural no siempre es posible. Recientemente se ha descrito el bloqueo del plano del músculo erector de la columna, que proporciona analgesia similar a la del bloqueo epidural, aunque unilateral, y que se ha utilizado en diversos procedimientos a nivel torácico. En la actualidad no hay estudios que comparen la eficacia o la seguridad de este bloqueo con los habitualmente empleados en cirugía torácica. Sin embargo, su perfil de seguridad y contraindicaciones parecen diferentes a las del catéter epidural, ya que su colocación es ecodirigida, la introducción de la aguja se realiza mediante control en plano y la diana ecográfica, la apófisis transversa, es fácilmente identificable y está relativamente alejada de estructuras neurales o vasculares mayores y de la pleura. A diferencia de otros bloqueos realizados por referencias anatómicas, el bloqueo del plano del erector de la columna puede realizarse con diferentes posiciones del paciente. Describimos nuestra experiencia con el bloqueo del plano del músculo erector de la columna como parte de un abordaje anestésico multimodal en cirugía torácica

Multimodal anaesthesia, combining epidural catheter and general anaesthesia, is a common technique in thoracic surgery, however, epidural catheter placement is not always possible. Recently, erector spinae plane block has been described, which provides analgesia like that of the epidural block, although unilateral, and which has been used in various procedures at thoracic level. At present, there are no studies comparing the efficacy or safety of this block with those commonly used in thoracic surgery. However, its safety profile and contraindications seem different from those of the epidural catheter, since its placement is done under ultrasound view, the needle introduction is done in plane and the ultrasound target, the transverse process, is easily identifiable and is relatively remote from major neural or vascular structures and the pleura. Unlike other blockages made by anatomical references, erector spinae plane block can be done with the patient in different positions. We describe our experience with erector spinae plane block as part of a multimodal anaesthetic approach in thoracic surgery

Usefulness of lymphocyte-to-monocyte, neutrophil-to-monocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios as prognostic markers in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Background. Nowadays, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) in breast cancer is more and more standardized, not only in advanced tumours but also in those for which there is an attempt to achieve breast-conserving surgery. In literature, we can find evidences of the relationship between several types of tumours and systemic inflammatory response. Our objective is to analyse the prognostic value of blood parameters (lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in breast cancer (BC) patients treated with nCT. Methods. A retrospective cohort of 150 breast cancer patients treated with nCT and subsequently with surgery was analysed. Data about the patients, histology, response to chemotherapy and peripheral blood values of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils was collected, and used to calculate the LMR, NMR and NLR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the variables to see the relationship of the ratios to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results. Patients with high LMR (≥5.46) and low NLR (<3.33) were associated with a lower percentage of relapse (P = 0.048 and P = 0.015, respectively) and, above all, NLR was associated with a better survival (P = 0.024), being those factors that predict a good progress. Conclusion. High LMR and low NLR can be considered as favourable prognostic factors in BC patients treated with nCT (AU)

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Recommendations for the prevention and diagnosis of asthma in children: Evidence from international guidelines adapted for Mexico

BACKGROUND: With the availability of high-quality asthma guidelines worldwide, one possible approach of developing a valid guideline, without re-working the evidence, already analysed by major guidelines, is the ADAPTE approach, as was used for the development of National Guidelines on asthma. METHODS: The guidelines development group (GDG) covered a broad range of experts from medical specialities, primary care physicians and methodologists. The core group of the GDG searched the literature for asthma guidelines 2005 onward, and analysed the 11 best guidelines with AGREE-II to select three mother guidelines. Key clinical questions were formulated covering each step of the asthma management. RESULTS: The selected mother guidelines are British Thoracic Society (BTS), GINA and GEMA 2015. Responses to the questions were formulated according to the evidence in the mother guidelines. Recommendations or suggestions were made for asthma treatment in Mexico by the core group, and adjusted during several rounds of a Delphi process, taking into account: 1. Evidence; 2. Safety; 3. Cost; 4. Patient preference - all these set against the background of the local reality. Here the detailed analysis of the evidence present in BTS/GINA/GEMA sections on prevention and diagnosis in paediatric asthma are presented for three age-groups: children with asthma ≤5 years, 6-11 years and ≥12 years. CONCLUSIONS: For the prevention and diagnosis sections, applying the AGREE-II method is useful to develop a scientifically-sustained document, adjusted to the local reality per country, as is the Mexican Guideline on Asthma

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