ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: ARQ 087 is an orally administered pan-FGFR inhibitor with multi-kinase activity. This Phase 1 study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ARQ 087 and defined the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). METHODS: Patients with advanced solid tumours received ARQ 087 administered initially at 25 mg every other day and dose-escalated from 25 to 425 mg daily (QD) continuous dosing. FGF19, 21, 23, and serum phosphate were assessed as potential biomarkers of target engagement. RESULTS: 80 patients were enrolled, 61 in dose-escalation/food-effect cohorts and 19 with pre-defined tumour types in the expansion cohort. The most common ARQ 087-related adverse events were fatigue (49%), nausea (46%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increase (30%), and diarrhoea (23%). Four patients (5%) experienced grade 1 treatment-related hyperphosphataemia. Dose-limiting toxicity was reversible grade 3 AST increase. The RP2D was 300 mg QD. Pharmacokinetics were linear and dose-proportional from 25 to 325 mg QD, and were unaffected by food. Statistically significant changes (P-value<0.05) suggest phosphate and FGF19 levels as markers of target engagement. In 18 evaluable patients with FGFR genetic alterations, 3 confirmed partial responses (two intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCA) with FGFR2 fusions and one urothelial cancer with FGFR2 and FGF19 amplification) and two durable stable disease at ⩾16 weeks with tumour reduction (FGFR2 fusion-positive iCCA and adrenocortical carcinoma with FGFR1 amplification) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: ARQ 087 had manageable toxicity at the RP2D of 300 mg QD, showed pharmacodynamics effects, and achieved objective responses, notably in patients with FGFR2 genetic alterations.
Subject(s)
Aniline Compounds/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Quinazolines/therapeutic use , Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Aniline Compounds/adverse effects , Aniline Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Quinazolines/adverse effects , Quinazolines/pharmacokinetics , Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of copanlisib, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Phase I dose-escalation study including patients with advanced solid tumors or NHL, and a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients received three weekly intravenous infusions of copanlisib per 28-day cycle over the dose range 0.1-1.2 mg/kg. Plasma copanlisib levels were analyzed for pharmacokinetics. Biomarker analysis included PIK3CA, KRAS, BRAF, and PTEN mutational status and PTEN immunohistochemistry. Whole-body [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)FDG-PET) was carried out at baseline and following the first dose to assess early pharmacodynamic effects. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were evaluated serially. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients received treatment. The MTD was 0.8 mg/kg copanlisib. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were nausea and transient hyperglycemia. Copanlisib exposure was dose-proportional with no accumulation; peak exposure positively correlated with transient hyperglycemia post-infusion. Sixteen of 20 patients treated at the MTD had reduced (18)FDG-PET uptake; 7 (33%) had a reduction >25%. One patient achieved a complete response (CR; endometrial carcinoma exhibiting both PIK3CA and PTEN mutations and complete PTEN loss) and two had a partial response (PR; both metastatic breast cancer). Among the nine NHL patients, all six with follicular lymphoma (FL) responded (one CR and five PRs) and one patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma had a PR by investigator assessment; two patients with FL who achieved CR (per post hoc independent radiologic review) were on treatment >3 years. CONCLUSION: Copanlisib, dosed intermittently on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle, was well tolerated and the MTD was determined to be 0.8 mg/kg. Copanlisib exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and promising anti-tumor activity, particularly in patients with NHL. CLINICALTRIALSGOV: NCT00962611; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00962611.