Tissue Doppler Imaging and strain rate of the left atrial lateral wall: age related variations and comparison with parameters of diastolic function.

BACKGROUND: Strain Rate Imaging (SRI) is one of the most used techniques to study left atrial (LA) and diastolic function. Its availability in low-income countries is diminished since it requires additional expensive software, among other limitations. In contrast, Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) is widely available and easy to use. We hypothesize TDI could detect changes in LA and diastolic function associated with age similarly to SRI. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of age on LA and diastolic function assessed by LA lateral wall TDI online by spectral pulse, and to compare them with age-related variations of LA SRI and other parameters of diastolic function in a population of healthy adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one healthy adults were prospectively evaluated. In apical four - chamber view the LA lateral wall was divided in three portions. Peak velocities of basal and mid portions were measured with TDI online by spectral pulse and with SRI by speckle tracking. A first positive wave (S'la and SRS) and two negative waves (E'la and SRE, and A'la and SRA respectively) were obtained. E'la/A'la ratio and SRE/SRA ratio were analyzed. The distribution of the variables by age subgroups was described and analyzed. Correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS: The median age was 42 years old and 54.9% were female. E'la/A'la showed a negative good correlation with age. E'la/A'la and SRE/SRA ratios changed from > 1 to < 1 in the age group of 41-50 years old, while this occurred in the group of 51-60 years old for the E/A ratio. Lateral and septal mitral annulus E´ showed decrease with age and prolongation of E-wave deceleration time was observed in the age group over 61 years old. CONCLUSION: Normal values​​ according to age group of TDI of the LA lateral wall were obtained. Age-related changes in LA and diastolic function could be detected as early with TDI as with SRI. Future studies are required to explore if this method could be used to address in part LA or diastolic function in other populations with established cardiovascular disease or at risk of presenting it, which could be useful in low-income settings, where SRI is not available.

Tissue Doppler imaging of the atrial lateral wall: Correlation with atrial strain rate and parameters of diastolic function.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the velocity profile of the lateral wall of the left atrium (LA) using pulsed-wave color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) on line and its correlation with two-dimensional strain rate imaging (SRI) by speckle tracking, of equal segments and phases, and other parameters of diastolic function in a population of individuals without known cardiovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 91 adults aged 18-74 years, without cardiovascular history, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia or obesity, were evaluated. A Doppler echocardiogram was performed. The lateral wall of the LA was divided subjectively into three portions, the atrial roof was excluded; the peak velocities of the basal and midportions, and their average, were measured with pulsed-wave TDI on line and SRI. Using both techniques, a first positive wave (S'la and SRS-reservoir phase) and two negative waves (E'la and SRE-conduit phase-and A'la and SRA-atrial systole-respectively) were obtained. E'la/A'la ratio and SRE/SRA ratio were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age was 42 years, and 54.9% of the subjects were female. S'la presented moderate correlation with S' lateral mitral annulus. Both E'la and the E'la/A'la relationships showed moderate to good correlation with various diastolic dysfunction parameters evaluated and SRI. A'la did not present a statistically significant correlation with any of the variables evaluated. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the lateral wall of the LA by pulsed-wave color TDI on line is feasible in the vast majority of patients. In the conduit phase, E'la and the E'la/A'la relationship showed correlation with the parameters that evaluate diastolic function and SRI.

Encuesta de reconocimiento de la enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer por la mujer / Women Survey on Women Awareness of Cardiovascular Disease

En la Argentina, las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan el principal problema de salud de las mujeres. Desde el año 2007 mueren más mujeres que hombres en nuestro país por causa cardiovascular y de acuerdo con las últimas estadísticas vitales publicadas, muere una mujer cada 11 minutos. Evaluar si las mujeres perciben que pueden sufrir enfermedades cardiovasculares así como valorar el grado de conocimiento que tienen sobre estas patologías fueron los objetivos de una encuesta telefónica realizada en una muestra representativa de mujeres de Buenos Aires. Los resultados obtenidos en 600 encuestadas mostraron que la gran mayoría de las mujeres tienen un grado de conocimiento adecuado acerca de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, de los síntomas de enfermedad coronaria y accidente cerebrovascular y de las conductas que previenen o reducen la probabilidad de enfermarse. Sin embargo, gran parte de las mujeres, y en especial las jóvenes, perciben mucho más al cáncer de mama como un problema de salud que a las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los resultados obtenidos también muestran que la información que tienen las mujeres sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares rara vez proviene de sus médicos y mayoritariamente se origina en los medios de comunicación masiva. El hecho de que las mujeres incrementen su percepción sobre el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares podría traducirse en una mayor adopción de conductas preventivas y, ante la eventualidad de presentar un evento cardiovascular agudo, en una pronta consulta y mayor y mejor acceso al tratamiento.

Cardiovascular diseases represent a major health problem for women in Argentina. Since 2007, more women than men die in our country due to heart disease and a woman dies every 11 minutes, according to the latest published vital statistics. We performed a telephone survey in a representative sample of women from Buenos Aires in order to assess whether they are aware they may suffer from cardiovascular diseases and their knowledge about these pathologies. Results from 600 respondents showed that the vast majority of women have an adequate level of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors, symptoms of heart disease and stroke, as well as behaviors that prevent or reduce the likelihood of becoming ill. However, most women, especially the younger ones, perceive breast cancer as a main health concern rather than cardiovascular diseases. The results also show that women get most of the information about cardiovascular diseases mainly from mass media and rarely from their doctors. Raising women awareness about their risk of suffering heart disease might lead to the adoption of better preventive behaviors and, in the case of an acute cardiovascular event, seek immediate help to have access to the best treatment.

Estudio epidemiológico del tabaquismo en médicos / Epidemiological study of smoking in physicians

Objetivo: analizar la epidemiología del tabaquismo en una muestra de médicos de la Argentina. Material y métodos: estudio observacional y transversal, en el que se encuestaron a médicos de 18 instituciones del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires seleccionados aleatoriamente durante los meses de mayo y junio de 2002. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: tabaquismo, actividad física, antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, dislipemia, diabetes y de historia familiar de enfermedad coronaria, la presencia de antecedentes de familiares fumadores y la frecuencia con la que el médico aconsejaba a sus pacientes fumadores el abandono del tabaco. Resultados: se encuestaron a 783 médicos, el 67 por ciento de sexo masculino, edad promedio de 43 12 años. Los hombres fueron significativamente mayores que las mujeres (hombres: 45 12 años; mujeres: 38 10 años; p < 0,0001). La prevalencia de fumadores y ex fumadores fue, respectivamente del 28,6 por ciento y el 25,3 por ciento. Los médicos ex fumadores, en relación con los médicos fumadores y los médicos no fumadores, presentaron mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (p < 0,0001), de dislipemia (p = 0,0001) y mayor índice de masa corporal (p < 0,0001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de diabetes (p= 0,88), el antecedente familiar de enfermedad coronaria (p = 0,47) o en la realización de actividad física (p = 0,16). Los médicos ex fumadores, con mayor frecuencia, daban consejos a sus pacientes para dejar de fumar. Los médicos fumadores predominaron entre los dedicados a especialidades quirúrgicas (p = 0.001) y entre los que se desempeñaban en los servicios de urgencia (p= 0,037). Los médicos fumadores presentaron más frecuentemente el antecedente familiar de tabaquismo (p < 0,0001), el 30 por ciento fumaban al despertar, más del 70 por ciento lo hacían por la mañana y un tercio fumaban aun cuando padecían de alguna enfermedad. Conclusiones: Existe una prevalencia elevada de médicos fumadores. Estos tenían más frecuentemente antecedentes familares de tabaquismo y presentaron criterios de mayor dependencia a la nicotina. La proporción de fumadores es mayor entre los que se desempeñan en servicios de urgencia y entre los que realizan especialidades quirúrgicas. Los médicos ex fumadores presentaron mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, de dislipemia e índice de masa corporal...