ABSTRACT
SPECT using N-Isopropyl I-123 IMP was performed, as part of a neuropsychiatric evaluation, on 10 patients with the DSM III-R diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 6 patients from a non-ADHD mixed psychiatric group used as controls for comparison. Mean regional I-123 IMP SPECT region of interest (ROI) count ratios (left to right) demonstrated that the ADHD patients had greater overall hemispheric I-123 IMP uptake asymmetry with less activity in the left frontal and left parietal regions in comparison to control patients. Both groups demonstrated similar I-123 IMP uptake asymmetry in the temporal regions. These findings are consistent with previous studies of brain physiology in ADHD implicating regional cortical perfusion and metabolism abnormalities in areas which are involved in the control of attentional processes.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Amphetamines , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Humans , Iodine Radioisotopes , Iofetamine , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonABSTRACT
Tc-99m HMPAO was used to evaluate cerebral perfusion in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. The SPECT images demonstrated reduced HMPAO uptake in regions corresponding with MRI-confirmed locations of cortical tubers. These results indicate that the lesions are characterized by vascular perfusion deficits and support the hypothesis that cortical tubers result from developmental abnormalities of the embryonic central nervous system.
Subject(s)
Brain/diagnostic imaging , Organotechnetium Compounds , Oximes , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Brain/pathology , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Child , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Twenty-six children diagnosed with chronic tic disorders (18 with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and 8 with chronic motor tic disorder) were studied for unexplained physical complaints. Compared to normal controls, an excess of somatic complaints was found in the tic disorders group; this was similar to an excess of somatic complaints in a mixed psychiatric clinic group. Medication produced no significant effect on somatic complaints for patients in the tic and psychiatric clinic groups. Within the tic disorders group, no significant correlation was found between the increased somatic complaints and the severity of anxiety, dysphoria, or movement disorder.
Subject(s)
Somatoform Disorders/psychology , Tourette Syndrome/psychology , Adolescent , Anxiety/psychology , Child , Depression/psychology , Education, Special , Female , Humans , Male , Personality Assessment , Sick Role , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Tourette Syndrome/diagnosisABSTRACT
The case of a nineteen-year-old female with a three-year history of psychiatric symptomatology clinically consistent with the DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia is presented. Neurophysiologic assessment using topographic brain mapping demonstrated auditory evoked potential P300 asymmetry with left temporal inactivation and increased latency, while EEG frequency analysis was remarkable for left hemispheric slow wave predominance as well as increased left temporal beta activity. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) in the same patient revealed radionucleide uptake reductions in the frontotemporal cortical regions. The clinical presentation of schizophrenia in the context of these imaging correlations is reviewed.
Subject(s)
Electroencephalography , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Adult , Brain/physiopathology , Brain Mapping , Female , Humans , Schizophrenia/physiopathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The results of past research have identified changes in brain structure in anorexia nervosa. We observed previously unreported MRI alterations in two cases of anorexia nervosa. METHOD: For both cases, we reviewed the clinical history, MRI scans and conducted a pertinent literature review. RESULTS: The MRI brain scans of two patients with the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa revealed evidence of subcortical hyperintense changes on T2-weighted images. DISCUSSION: No previous reports of these findings have been described in the literature on anorexia nervosa to date. Clinical and pathologic correlates associated with these brain observations in anorexia nervosa are discussed.