ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: SLE has a relapsing-remitting course with disease activity flares over time. This study aims to identify clinical predictors of SLE flares. METHODS: This prospective cohort study over 24 months included all SLE patients on follow-up at one academic lupus clinic. Flare was defined as an increase in SLEDAI-2K score ≥4 points. Baseline clinical and demographic parameters were compared using survival analysis for time-to-flare outcome with univariate log-rank tests. Variables with significant differences were further evaluated as predictors with multivariate Cox regression models adjusting for potential confounding or contributing factors and hazard ratio (HR) calculation. RESULTS: A total of 202 SLE patients were included. Over the follow-up period, 1083 visits were documented and 16.8% of patients presented with flares. In multivariate analysis, the following parameters emerged as flare predictors: SLE diagnosis up to 25 years of age (HR = 2.14, P = 0.03), lupus nephritis previous to baseline visit (HR = 4.78, P < 0.0001) and immunosuppressor treatment for severe SLE (HR = 3.22, P < 0.001). Baseline disease activity, disease duration and treatment with prednisone or HCQ were not predictive factors. CONCLUSION: Patients with an SLE diagnosis before age 25 years, lupus nephritis or immunosuppressor treatment for severe SLE present greater HRs for flares, suggesting the need for tighter clinical monitoring. Current immunosuppressive strategies seem to be inefficient in providing flare prevention.
Subject(s)
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Adult , Biopsy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy , Male , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The description of this case is due to the rarity of this clinical entity and its semiotic diversity, which implies a high level of suspicion for a correct diagnosis. METHODS: Description of a clinical case, based on the data referred to in the clinical process. RESULTS: The case describes a young male patient, attended to at the emergency room due to right chest pain, which further investigation revealed to be consistent with spontaneous pneumomediastinum. He underwent medical treatment, with favorable outcome. CONCLUSION: The clinical course is usually benign, self-limited, involves only conservative treatment, and use of drugs is recommended only in symptomatic patients.
Subject(s)
Mediastinal Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Bronchoscopy , Chest Pain/etiology , Humans , Male , Mediastinal Emphysema/drug therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: A descrição deste caso é motivada pela não frequência desta entidade clínica e sua diversidade semiológica, o que implica elevado nível de suspeição para o diagnóstico correto. MÉTODOS: Descrição de um caso clínico, com base nos dados referidos no processo clínico. RESULTADO: O caso refere-se a um jovem do sexo masculino, observado no serviço de urgência por apresentar dor torácica à direita, cuja investigação complementar foi compatível com pneumomediastino espontâneo. Ele, então, foi submetido a terapêutica médica, com evolução favorável. CONCLUSÃO: Habitualmente o curso clínico é benigno, autolimitado, o que implica em apenas um tratamento conservador, sendo o uso de fármacos recomendado somente nos doentes sintomáticos.
OBJECTIVE: The description of this case is due to the rarity of this clinical entity and its semiotic diversity, which implies a high level of suspicion for a correct diagnosis. METHODS: Description of a clinical case, based on the data referred to in the clinical process. RESULTS: The case describes a young male patient, attended to at the emergency room due to right chest pain, which further investigation revealed to be consistent with spontaneous pneumomediastinum. He underwent medical treatment, with favorable outcome. CONCLUSION: The clinical course is usually benign, self-limited, involves only conservative treatment, and use of drugs is recommended only in symptomatic patients.