ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Thymosin beta 10 (TMSB10) has recently been recognized as being an important player in the metastatic cascade including tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, a role for this protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not yet been established. METHODS: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of TMSB10 messenger RNA in 36 cases of thyroid tissue samples: normal thyroid, PTC without lymph node metastases (LNM) and PTC with LNM (n = 12 cases in each subgroup). For immunohistochemistry, 130 patients with PTC were selected during the period of 2004-2005, 91 with and 39 without LNM. Statistical analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between TMSB10 expression and LNM of PTC. RESULTS: By real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, the expression of TMSB10 messenger RNA in normal thyroid tissue, PTC without LNM, and PTC with LNM tissue were significantly different (P < 0.0001). On immunohistochemistry analysis of 130 patients with PTC, in which 91 cases had cervical LNM and 69 cases had central neck LNM, high expression levels for TMSB10 were more common in patients with cervical LNM compared with patients without (81% versus 33%, P < 0.001). Similarly, high expression levels of TMSB10 were more common in patients with central neck LNM compared with those without (87.0% versus 44.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High expression levels of TMSB10 correlated with LNM in PTC, especially in the central neck region. Patients with PTC with low levels of TMSB10 expression may be unlikely to have central neck LNM and could therefore avoid prophylactic central neck dissection.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Thymosin/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms , Adolescent , Adult , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma/genetics , Carcinoma/metabolism , Carcinoma/secondary , Carcinoma, Papillary , Female , Goiter, Nodular/genetics , Goiter, Nodular/pathology , Goiter, Nodular/physiopathology , Humans , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , ROC Curve , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Thymosin/metabolism , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism , Thyroid Neoplasms/secondary , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There is no satisfactory treatment for advanced maxillary sinus squamous carcinoma. The treatment strategy is controversial. This study aimed to explore a rational treatment for advanced maxillary sinus squamous carcinoma. METHODS: Clinical data of 92 patients with stage T3-T4 maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma, treated in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan.1978 to Dec.2001, were reviewed. Of the 92 patients, 21 received radiotherapy alone, 8 received surgery alone, 63 received multimodality therapy (51 received surgery combined with radiotherapy, and 12 received chemoradiotherapy). RESULTS: The 3-and 5-year survival rates were significantly lower in radiotherapy group and surgery group than in multimodality therapy group (19.0% and 25.0% vs. 46.0%, P<0.05; 9.5% and 12.5% vs. 33.3%, P<0.05). In multimodality therapy group, the 3-and 5-year survival rates were 33.3% and 23.8% for the patients who received radiotherapy followed by surgery, 52.9% and 47.1% for the patients who received surgery follow by radiotherapy, 53.8% and 30.8% for the patients who received pre-and postoperative radiotherapy, and 50.0% and 33.3% for the patients who received chemoradiotherapy. There were no significant differences in survival rate between these four subgroups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of multimodality therapy is better than that of single therapy strategy for advanced maxillary sinus squamous carcinoma. The best treatment pattern for advanced maxillary sinus squamous carcinoma needs further research.