Suppression of Trapped Energetic Ions Driven Resistive Interchange Modes with Electron Cyclotron Heating in a Helical Plasma.

The resistive interchange mode destabilized by the resonant interaction with the trapped energetic ions is fully suppressed when the injected power of electron cyclotron heating exceeds a certain threshold. It is shown for the first time that the complete stabilization of the energetic-particle-driven mode without relaxing the energetic particle (EP) pressure gradient is possible by reducing the radial width of the eigenmodes δ_{w}, especially when δ_{w} narrows to a small enough value relative to the finite orbit width of EP.

Strong Destabilization of Stable Modes with a Half-Frequency Associated with Chirping Geodesic Acoustic Modes in the Large Helical Device.

Abrupt and strong excitation of a mode has been observed when the frequency of a chirping energetic-particle driven geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) reaches twice the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) frequency. The frequency of the secondary mode is the GAM frequency, which is a half-frequency of the primary EGAM. Based on the analysis of spatial structures, the secondary mode is identified as a GAM. The phase relation between the secondary mode and the primary EGAM is locked, and the evolution of the growth rate of the secondary mode indicates nonlinear excitation. The results suggest that the primary mode (EGAM) contributes to nonlinear destabilization of a subcritical mode.

Resistive interchange modes destabilized by helically trapped energetic ions in a helical plasma.

A new bursting m=1/n=1 instability (m,n: poloidal and toroidal mode numbers) with rapid frequency chirping down has been observed for the first time in a helical plasma with intense perpendicular neutral beam injection. This is destabilized in the plasma peripheral region by resonant interaction between helically trapped energetic ions and the resistive interchange mode. A large radial electric field is induced near the edge due to enhanced radial transport of the trapped energetic ions by the mode, and leads to clear change in toroidal plasma flow, suppression of microturbulence, and triggering an improvement of bulk plasma confinement.

Observation of reversed-shear Alfvén eigenmodes excited by energetic ions in a helical plasma.

Reversed-shear Alfvén eigenmodes were observed for the first time in a helical plasma having negative q0'' (the curvature of the safety factor q at the zero shear layer). The frequency is swept downward and upward sequentially via the time variation in the maximum of q. The eigenmodes calculated by ideal MHD theory are consistent with the experimental data. The frequency sweeping is mainly determined by the effects of energetic ions and the bulk pressure gradient. Coupling of reversed-shear Alfvén eigenmodes with energetic ion driven geodesic acoustic modes generates a multitude of frequency-sweeping modes.

N-acylphenylalanines and related compounds. A new class of oral hypoglycemic agents.

N-Benzoyl-DL-phenylalanine (1) was found to possess hypoglycemic activity. A series of the analogues of compound 1 were prepared and evaluated for their blood glucose lowering activity. Both the steric effects of the phenylalanine moiety and the effects of variations in the acyl moiety were investigated. This study elucidated some of the structure-activity relationships and led to the development of N-(4-ethylbenzoyl)-D-phenylalanine (34), which was 50 times more potent than the initial compound 1.

N-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-D-phenylalanines and related compounds. A new class of oral hypoglycemic agents. 2.

A series of analogues of N-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-D-phenylalanine (5) have been synthesized and evaluated for their hypoglycemic activity. Relationships were studied between the activity and the three-dimensional structure of the acyl moiety, which was characterized by high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy and MNDO calculations. The role of the carboxyl group of the phenylalanine moiety was also studied by comparing the activities of the enantiomers, the decarboxyl derivative, the esters, and the amides of the phenylalanine derivatives. Thus, the structural requirements for possessing hypoglycemic activity was elucidated and a highly active compound, N-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)carbonyl]-D-phenylalanine (13) was obtained, which showed a 20% blood glucose decrease at an oral dose of 1.6 mg/kg in fasted normal mice.

Potential measurements with heavy ion beam probe system on LHD.

The heavy ion beam probe system in the Large Helical Device (LHD) was improved as follows. At first, the additional new sweeper was installed into the diagnostic port to extend the observable region. By using this sweeper, the potential profile was measured in a wider minor radius range than in previous experiments, in the case of outward shifted magnetic configuration of LHD. Next, the real time control system was installed to control the probe beam orbit for measuring the potential in plasma with large plasma current. In this system, a digital signal processor was used to control the probe beam in real time. The system worked well in the fixed position observation mode. In the sweeping mode for profile measurement, this control system became unstable. The details of this system and the experimental results are reported in this article.

Fast ion charge exchange spectroscopy adapted for tangential viewing geometry in LHD.

A tangential Fast Ion Charge eXchange Spectroscopy is newly applied on a Large Helical Device (LHD) for co/countercirculating fast ions, which are produced by high energy tangential negative-ion based neutral beam injection. With this new observation geometry, both the tangential-neutral beam (NB) and a low-energy radial-NB based on positive ions can be utilized as probe beams of the measurement. We have successfully observed Doppler-shifted H-alpha lights due to the charge exchange process between the probing NB and circulating hydrogen ions of around 100 keV in LHD plasmas.

Change of zonal flow spectra in the JIPP T-IIU tokamak plasmas.

When Ohmically heated low-density plasmas are additionally heated by higher-harmonics ion-cyclotron-range-of frequency heating, heated by neutral beam injection, or strongly gas puffed, the intensity of zonal flows in the geodesic acoustic mode frequency range in the tokamak core plasma decreases sharply and that of low-frequency zonal flow grows drastically. This is accompanied by a damping of the drift wave propagating in the electron diamagnetic drift direction, turbulence by trapped electron mode (TEM), and the increase of the mode propagating to ion diamagnetic drift direction (ITG). In the half-radius region, TEM and high-frequency zonal flows remain intense in both OH and heated phases. ITG and low-frequency zonal flows grow in heated plasmas, suggesting a strong coupling between ITG and low-frequency zonal flow.

Experimental evidence of a zonal magnetic field in a toroidal plasma.

A zonal magnetic field is found in a toroidal plasma. The magnetic field has a symmetric bandlike structure, which is uniform in the toroidal and poloidal directions and varies radially with a finite wavelength of mesoscale, which is analogous to zonal flows. A time-dependent bicoherence analysis reveals that the magnetic field should be generated by the background plasma turbulence. The discovery is classified as a new kind of phenomenon of structured magnetic field generation, giving insight into phenomena such as dipole field generation in rotational planets.

Streamers in the JIPP T-llU tokamak plasmas.

It is shown that the low-density Ohmically heated tokamak plasmas have streamerlike eddies at the outer region at normalized minor radius of about 0.7 and high-frequency zonal flows of large amplitudes in the core. The amplitudes of the eddies ePhi/kT(e) and n(e)/n(e) are of order of 0.5, similar to that of blobs in the tokamak plasma boundary. The waveforms are featured by pulses of complex shape with sharp fronts, similar to the results of streamer simulations by Garbet et al.. The time constant of the fronts is also in agreement with the simulation. The radial span of the eddies is estimated to be much larger than the poloidal span.

Excitation of toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes by the electrodes inserted in a heliotron/torsatron plasma.

A novel method of exciting shear Alfvén waves using electrodes inserted in a plasma was developed for basic study of Alfvén eigenmodes in a heliotron/torsatron plasma. The electrodes can induce excitation current along the confinement field line, and generate magnetic perturbations perpendicular to the confinement field. By sweeping the frequency of the current in a cold plasma, the toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode was resonantly excited at the predicted frequency and radial location. Plasma response to the applied magnetic perturbations indicates a fairly large damping rate caused by continuum damping.

Strumal carcinoid of the ovary. A case report.

The case of a 58-year-old Japanese female with strumal carcinoid of the ovary is described. Ultrastructural examinations revealed numerous neurosecretory-type granules in the cytoplasm of both thyroid and carcinoid components. Immunohistochemical studies showed immunoreactivities for thyroxin and thyroglobulin in the thyroid component. Several mucous glands were also observed in the tumor tissue. These morphological findings suggested that the follicles in the thyroid component were lined with thyroid follicular, carcinoid and mucous cells, and also supported the theory that this tumor may be derived from multidirectional differentiations of endodermal origin.

Verification by mass spectrometry of the primary structure of human interleukin-2.

Proteolytic digests of interleukin-2 from a human leukemic T-cell line produced by Escherichia coli carrying a recombinant DNA were analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The mass values of intense signals observed in the mass spectrum were consistent with peptides predicted from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA for human interleukin-2, an indication that the protein with the predicted amino acid sequence was produced by E. coli. BrCN and proteolytic digests of interleukin-2 obtained from cultured cells were also examined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The observed mass values were identical with those from interleukin-2 from E. coli except for that of the NH2-terminal sequence, in which the Thr residue at position 3 was bound to a sugar moiety. The mass spectra of the digests of the two interleukin-2 preparations and synthetic peptides with sequences from 117 to 128 and 121 to 128 predicted from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA for a human interleukin-2 indicated that Cys residues at positions 58 and 105 are linked by a disulfide bond and that the Cys residue at position 125 is free.

Columbin isolated from calumbae radix affects the sleeping time of anesthetized mice.

In a screening series of bioactive components in edible and medicinal plants, we found that Calumbae Radix (Colombo root, 1% powdered feed, for 5 d) and its component, columbin (20-40 mg/kg/d, for 5 d, orally), shortened the sleeping time induced by a urethane and alpha-chloralose mixture and prolonged the sleeping time induced by hexobarbital in mice.