Enhancing Security and Flexibility in the Industrial Internet of Things: Blockchain-Based Data Sharing and Privacy Protection.

To address the complexities, inflexibility, and security concerns in traditional data sharing models of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), we propose a blockchain-based data sharing and privacy protection (BBDSPP) scheme for IIoT. Initially, we characterize and assign values to attributes, and employ a weighted threshold secret sharing scheme to refine the data sharing approach. This enables flexible combinations of permissions, ensuring the adaptability of data sharing. Subsequently, based on non-interactive zero-knowledge proof technology, we design a lightweight identity proof protocol using attribute values. This protocol pre-verifies the identity of data accessors, ensuring that only legitimate terminal members can access data within the system, while also protecting the privacy of the members. Finally, we utilize the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to store encrypted shared resources, effectively addressing the issue of low storage efficiency in traditional blockchain systems. Theoretical analysis and testing of the computational overhead of our scheme demonstrate that, while ensuring performance, our scheme has the smallest total computational load compared to the other five schemes. Experimental results indicate that our scheme effectively addresses the shortcomings of existing solutions in areas such as identity authentication, privacy protection, and flexible combination of permissions, demonstrating a good performance and strong feasibility.

Tool State Recognition Based on POGNN-GRU under Unbalanced Data.

Accurate recognition of tool state is important for maximizing tool life. However, the tool sensor data collected in real-life scenarios has unbalanced characteristics. Additionally, although graph neural networks (GNNs) show excellent performance in feature extraction in the spatial dimension of data, it is difficult to extract features in the temporal dimension efficiently. Therefore, we propose a tool state recognition method based on the Pruned Optimized Graph Neural Network-Gated Recurrent Unit (POGNN-GRU) under unbalanced data. Firstly, design the Improved-Majority Weighted Minority Oversampling Technique (IMWMOTE) by introducing an adaptive noise removal strategy and improving the MWMOTE to alleviate the unbalanced problem of data. Subsequently, propose a POG graph data construction method based on a multi-scale multi-metric basis and a Gaussian kernel weight function to solve the problem of one-sided description of graph data under a single metric basis. Then, construct the POGNN-GRU model to deeply mine the spatial and temporal features of the data to better identify the state of the tool. Finally, validation and ablation experiments on the PHM 2010 and HMoTP datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the other models in terms of identification, and the highest accuracy improves by 1.62% and 1.86% compared with the corresponding optimal baseline model.

Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes the transformation of cholesterol to estrogen in mouse adipose tissue.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels increase estrogen biosynthesis in obese menopausal women. Ovariectomized mice and 3T3-L1 cells were used to explore estrogen biosynthesis in the decline of ovarian function. After ovariectomy, lipid deposition, and FSH and estrogen levels changed, and feed intake increased significantly. In mouse adipose tissue, FSH was found to have a role in accelerating lipid deposition via the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor pathway, and in inducing estrogen biosynthesis via the steroid hormone metabolism pathway. Furthermore, FSH bound to the FSH receptor promoted CREB phosphorylation, which was activated by cAMP-PKA. Moreover, pCREB could up-regulate PPARγ and SREBP2 mRNA levels, resulting in an increased transformation of cholesterol to estrogen. Overall, this study shows that FSH induces fat deposition and promotes the transformation of cholesterol to estrogen through CREB activation by cAMP-PKA in mouse adipose tissue. Our findings provide a new understanding of menopause treatment.

An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the space plasma environment research facility (SPERF): the subsystem for the magnetic mirror coil.

The magnetic reconnection process relevant to that at the magnetotail is one of the research contents of the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility, which is under construction at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China. Two magnetic mirror sub-coils placed symmetrically in the vertical direction and connected in series cooperate with a dipole coil to generate a magnetic field environment similar to the Earth's magnetotail. A capacitor-based pulsed power supply (PPS) system with a modular design is developed to excite two magnetic mirror sub-coils to generate a magnetic field with a magnetic flux density of not less than 200 G at the center of the two sub-coils. The PPS should deliver a pulsed current with a peak of more than 8 kA, and the duration of the current not be less than 95% of the peak over 5 ms to two magnetic mirror sub-coils when the charging voltage is not less than 20 kV. In addition, the duration from the peak to 10% of the peak is not more than 130 ms. The detailed design of the PPS is discussed in this paper, and a test method is designed to reduce the risk of damage to the wires and the connection between the wires and the coaxial cables of the PPS when the PPS discharges at a higher charging voltage. Finally, the discharge test of the PPS is carried out to verify the design of the PPS.

An 18.3-MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF): The subsystem for the magnetosheath coils.

3D asymmetric magnetic reconnection is an important investigation of the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility, which is being built as a user facility at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China. Four magnetosheath coils, which consist of Poloidal Field (labeled PF) coils and Toroidal Field (labeled TF) coils, are used to generate the magnetic field and plasma environment for the reconnecting experiment. A capacitor-based pulsed power supply (PPS) system with a modular design is developed to excite the magnetosheath coils to generate the required amplitude and duration of the magnetic field. The PPS system includes the PF PPS and TF PPS, which include four sets of PPSs, respectively. Each set of PF PPS and TF PPS consists of nine modules and four modules, respectively, and each module consists of a charge and discharge unit. The PF PPS can provide a pulsed current of no less than 360 kA for the corresponding PF coil at 0.11 ms when the charging voltage is 20 kV, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 0.6 ms. The TF PPS can provide a pulsed current of no less than 200 kA for the corresponding TF coil at 0.08 ms when the charging voltage is 20 kV, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 1.6 ms. The detailed design of the PPS has been discussed in this paper, and the detailed design of the main components in the discharge unit of the PPS is also given in this paper. Finally, the discharge tests of all the PPSs are carried out to verify the design of the PPSs, and the results of the PPSs in discharge tests indicate that all the PPSs meet the design requirements.

An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF): The subsystem for the magnetopause shape control coils.

The Space Plasma Environment Research Facility currently under construction at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China uses four magnetosheath coils (flux cores) and a dipole coil to generate the magnetic field required for the study on the magnetopause magnetic reconnection. Two groups of magnetopause shape control coils (labeled CK coils) are used to slightly adjust the magnetic field distribution on the magnetopause. A capacitive pulsed power supply (PPS) system with a modular design is developed to excite CK coils. The PPS system consists of six sets of PPS with the same principle and structure, which are used to excite six sub-coils of the CK coils, respectively. Each set of PPS consists of ten modules and one local controller, and each module consists of a charger and discharge unit. Each set of PPS can provide a pulsed current of no less than 400 kA for the corresponding sub-coil at 0.11 ms when the charging voltage is 20 kV, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 0.6 ms. The detailed design of the PPS is discussed in this paper, and the discharge test of the PPS is carried out to verify the design of the PPS. Because there are acquisition and control devices in the discharge unit, the electromagnetic interference immunity design is also discussed to ensure the normal operation of the PPS.

An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF): The subsystem for the magnetic perturbation coils.

The mechanism of acceleration, loss, and wave-particle interaction of energetic particles in the magnetosphere is a research content of the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility, which is being built as a user facility at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China. Two magnetic perturbation coils are used to simulate the magnetic storm distortion and excite Alfvén wave perturbation. A capacitor-based pulsed power supply (PPS) system with a modular design is developed to excite the magnetic perturbation coils to generate the required amplitude and duration of the magnetic field. The two magnetic perturbation coils are the CRDI coil and CRDII coil and are excited by one set of PPSs. The PPS for the CRDI coil consists of two modules and can provide a pulsed current of no less than 132 kA at 0.12 ms when the charging voltage is 20 kV, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 0.7 ms. The PPS for the CRDII coil consists of five modules and can provide a pulsed current of no less than 16 kA at 0.45, 0.65, 0.8, 0.95, and 1.1 ms, and the duration of the pulsed current from the peak to 10% of the peak is no more than 4.5 ms. The detailed design of the PPSs has been discussed in this paper, and the discharge test of the PPSs is carried out to verify the design of the PPSs.

Characterisation of prostate cancer lesions in heterozygous Men1 mutant mice.

BACKGROUND: Mutations of the MEN1 gene predispose to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Our group and others have shown that Men1 disruption in mice recapitulates MEN1 pathology. Intriguingly, rare lesions in hormone-dependent tissues, such as prostate and mammary glands, were also observed in the Men1 mutant mice. METHODS: To study the occurrence of prostate lesions, we followed a male mouse cohort of 47 Men1+/- mice and 23 age-matched control littermates, starting at 18 months of age, and analysed the prostate glands from the cohort. RESULTS: Six Men1+/- mice (12.8%) developed prostate cancer, including two adenocarcinomas and four in situ carcinomas, while none of the control mice developed cancerous lesions. The expression of menin encoded by the Men1 gene was found to be drastically reduced in all carcinomas, and partial LOH of the wild-type Men1 allele was detected in three of the five analysed lesions. Using immunostaining for the androgen receptor and p63, a basal epithelial cell marker, we demonstrated that the menin-negative prostate cancer cells did not display p63 expression and that the androgen receptor was expressed but more heterogeneous in these lesions. Furthermore, our data showed that the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1B (p27), a Men1 target gene known to be inactivated during prostate cell tumorigenesis, was notably decreased in the prostate cancers that developed in the mutant mice. CONCLUSION: Our work suggests the possible involvement of Men1 inactivation in the tumorigenesis of the prostate gland.

[Coordinated evolvement of dynamic coupling between economic and environmental systems in Shenyang Metropolitan area].

By using coupling coordinated degree model, scissors difference methods, and coupling degree model, this paper analyzed the coupling coordinated status, development speed difference, and coupling development trend between economic and environmental systems in Shenyang Metropolitan Area in 1990-2009. In the study period, the coupling level of the relations between economic and environmental development was ascending, with the coupling degree increased from 0.42 to 0.89, which reflected the more and more harmonious relationships between economy and environment. The decrease of economic development speed and the increase of environmental construction speed reduced the scissor difference of the two systems from 0.63 degrees to 0.22 degrees, demonstrating the contribution of the economic development speed to the coupling coordinated status. The coupling degree between the economic and environmental systems stretched across in a [45 degrees, 90 degrees] region, which meant that the two systems were in a co-developing status. As the discrepancy between the development speeds of the two systems became smaller, the coupling degree was closer to 45 degrees, and the two systems were becoming better coordinated.