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1.
Br J Dermatol ; 186(3): 564-574, 2022 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34632574

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A new autoinflammatory syndrome related to somatic mutations of UBA1 was recently described and called VEXAS syndrome ('Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic syndrome'). OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and outcomes of VEXAS syndrome. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen patients with VEXAS syndrome were referred to a French multicentre registry between November 2020 and May 2021. The frequency and median of parameters and vital status, from diagnosis to the end of the follow-up, were recorded. RESULTS: The main clinical features of VEXAS syndrome were found to be skin lesions (83%), noninfectious fever (64%), weight loss (62%), lung involvement (50%), ocular symptoms (39%), relapsing chondritis (36%), venous thrombosis (35%), lymph nodes (34%) and arthralgia (27%). Haematological disease was present in 58 cases (50%): myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 58) and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (n = 12; all patients with MGUS also have a MDS). UBA1 mutations included p.M41T (45%), p.M41V (30%), p.M41L (18%) and splice mutations (7%). After a median follow-up of 3 years, 18 patients died (15·5%; nine of infection and three due to MDS progression). Unsupervised analysis identified three clusters: cluster 1 (47%; mild-to-moderate disease); cluster 2 (16%; underlying MDS and higher mortality rates); and cluster 3 (37%; constitutional manifestations, higher C-reactive protein levels and less frequent chondritis). The 5-year probability of survival was 84·2% in cluster 1, 50·5% in cluster 2 and 89·6% in cluster 3. The UBA1 p.Met41Leu mutation was associated with a better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: VEXAS syndrome has a large spectrum of organ manifestations and shows different clinical and prognostic profiles. It also raises a potential impact of the identified UBA1 mutation.


Subject(s)
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance , Myelodysplastic Syndromes , Humans , Inflammation/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis , Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes
2.
Rev Med Interne ; 43(11): 673-676, 2022 Nov.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35934598

ABSTRACT

Systemic immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by deposition of amyloid fibrils of light chains produced by clonal CD38+plasma cells, resulting in organ dysfunction. Cardiac involvement has a major prognostic value. Antiplasma cell chemotherapy reduces the synthesis of immunoglobulin light chains (precursors of amyloid deposits). We describe a case of AL amyloidosis in a 95-year-old patient. Our patient responded poorly to treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide-bortezomib-dexamethasone, and rituximab-bendamustine. Finally, the anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab was associated with the best hematologic responsiveness without significant adverse effects. In conclusion, our case suggests that daratumumab is an effective and well-tolerated alternative to chemotherapy in the treatment af AL amyloidosis in very elderly patients.


Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis , Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/complications , Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/drug therapy , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Immunoglobulin Light Chains , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
3.
Rev Med Interne ; 42(10): 722-728, 2021 Oct.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33674076

ABSTRACT

The CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway is a backbone of communication between cells of the immune system. It makes it possible to generate a proinflammatory signal and thus participates in the pathogenesis of dysimmune diseases, transplant rejection and atherosclerosis. Because of this therapeutic target of choice, several generations of anti-CD40L monoclonal antibodies have emerged since the 1990s. The first generation of antibodies was responsible for thromboembolic toxicity for which the mechanisms are starting to be defined. New generations of antibodies were designed to overcome this toxicity and are still being developed in lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome or immunologic thrombocytopenia. In addition to these targeted therapies, there are data suggesting the impact of several drugs among molecules used in cardiology and clinical immunology on the level of CD40L. The objective of this review is to recall the clinical issues related to the CD40-CD40L axis and to present current or future treatments that block CD40L which would allow clinicians to diversify their options for managing dysimmune diseases.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Sjogren's Syndrome , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , CD40 Antigens , CD40 Ligand , Humans
4.
Cell Death Discov ; 2: 15072, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27551496

ABSTRACT

Imeglimin is the first in a new class of oral glucose-lowering agents, having recently completed its phase 2b trial. As Imeglimin did show a full prevention of ß-cell apoptosis, and since angiopathy represents a major complication of diabetes, we studied Imeglimin protective effects on hyperglycemia-induced death of human endothelial cells (HMEC-1). These cells were incubated in several oxidative stress environments (exposure to high glucose and oxidizing agent tert-butylhydroperoxide) which led to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, cytochrome c release and cell death. These events were fully prevented by Imeglimin treatment. This protective effect on cell death occurred without any effect on oxygen consumption rate, on lactate production and on cytosolic redox or phosphate potentials. Imeglimin also dramatically decreased reactive oxygen species production, inhibiting specifically reverse electron transfer through complex I. We conclude that Imeglimin prevents hyperglycemia-induced cell death in HMEC-1 through inhibition of PTP opening without inhibiting mitochondrial respiration nor affecting cellular energy status. Considering the high prevalence of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetic subjects, these results together suggest a potential benefit of Imeglimin in diabetic angiopathy.

6.
Am J Vet Res ; 40(7): 919-21, 1979 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-228568

ABSTRACT

Effect of testing environment on adrenal cortical responses to an injection of ACTH in clinically normal dogs was examined in three locations, presumably of increasing order of stress elicitation: in a home; veterinary hospital (VH), 4 hours in a cage; and VH, overnight in a cage. Basal cortisol (hydrocortisone) values for plasma were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) for the home group (1.8 microgram/dl) when compared with values for the VH, 4-hour cage (3.8 microgram/dl) or the VH, overnight cage (3.9 microgram/dl) groups. However, significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were not observed 2 hours after ACTH admininstration for the home group (13.7 microgram/dl); VH, 4-hour cage group (14.8 microgram/dl); or VH, overnight cage group (16.0 microgram/dl). Responses of individual dogs were consistent (P less than 0.005). The testing environment did not markedly affect results of adrenal cortical function tests for dogs when ACTH stimulation was utilized. The response of dogs to ACTH, as monitored by immunologic assay techniques (competitive protein-binding assay or radioimmunoassay), was consistent and was useful as a diagnostic aid for adrenal malfunction.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex/drug effects , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology , Dogs/physiology , Environment , Animals , Housing, Animal , Hydrocortisone/blood , Stress, Physiological/veterinary
9.
Rev. chil. cir ; 63(6): 579-584, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608750

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Our team reported the development of a scale for assessing methodological quality in prognostic papers (scale MinCir Pr). The aim of this paper is to report the process of validation of scale MinCir Pr. Material and Methods: We reviewed 121 papers about prognosis. Score was performed according to the scale MinCir Pr and level of evidence. In addition we recorded the number of publications of the author. For the construct validity of the measurement was made through the technique known extreme groups, which claims that the evaluations differ regarding the critical attribute. To this end, we used the level of evidence items 2 and 4, waiting for a difference in scale scores of articles published at the ends of the score. Results: For validation of extreme groups we compare the performance of the scale in relation to the level of evidence 2 and 4, since in these groups had more papers (55 and 48 respectively). The average score of the scale in papers with level of evidence 2 was 82.21 +/- 13.79 compared with the score in papers with level of evidence 4 which was 64.97 +/- 17.10 (p = 0.000). Conclusion: We performed the validity of the scale builder MinCir Pr using the technique known extreme groups.


Introducción: Nuestro equipo de trabajo reportó el desarrollo de una escala de evaluación de calidad metodológica de estudios de pronóstico (escala MinCir Pr). El objetivo del presente trabajo es reportar el proceso de validación de la escala MinCir Pr. Material y Método: Se revisaron 121 estudios de pronóstico. Se realizó la puntuación de los trabajos según la escala MinCir Pr y según el nivel de evidencia. Además se registró el número de publicaciones del autor. Para la validez de constructo se realizó la medición por medio de la técnica de grupos extremos conocidos, que presume que las evaluaciones diferirán respecto al atributo crítico. Para este fin, se utilizaron los artículos con nivel de evidencia 2 y 4, esperando una diferencia en la puntuación de la escala de los artículos publicados en los extremos de la puntuación. Resultados: Para realizar la validación de grupos extremos comparamos el desempeño de la nueva escala en relación a los niveles de evidencia 2 y 4; ya que en estos grupos había mayor número de artículos (55 y 48 respectivamente). El promedio de puntuación de la nueva escala de los trabajos con nivel de evidencia 2 fue de 82,21 +/- 13,79 en comparación con la puntuación de los trabajos con nivel de evidencia 4 que fue de 64,97 +/- 17,10 (p = 0,000). Conclusión: Se realizó la validez de constructor de la escala MinCir Pr utilizando la técnica de grupos extremos conocidos.


Subject(s)
Evidence-Based Medicine , Methodology as a Subject , Periodicals as Topic , Prognosis , Quality Control , Review Literature as Topic , Reproducibility of Results
10.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(1): 33-36, feb. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-561859

ABSTRACT

Background: A new laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique uses a single umbilical port, to reduce trauma. Aim: To evaluate prospectively the feasibility of performing single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Material and Methods: Patients with cholelithiasis or gallbladder polyps, without recent acute biliary episodes and a normal biliary tract were considered eligible for the study. An optical device with a working channel was introduced through a single umbilical incisión. A second smaller trocar was also introduced through the same incisión. Results: Between May 2008 and February 2009, twelve women aged 14 to 64 years (nine with cholelitiasis and three with gallbladder polyps) fulfilled inclusion criteria. The procedure lasted 160 minutes at the beginning of the series to 45 minutes in the latest cases. Abdominal pain and hospital stay (12-48 hours) do not differ from patients subjected conventional laparoscopy cases. No complication was recorded and no patient had to be converted to conventional surgery. Conclusions: Single umbilical incisión laparoscopic cholecystectomy is similar to conventional laparoscopy procedures in terms of surgical pain and hospital stay and offers a better esthetic outcome.


Introducción: Con el objetivo de disminuir el trauma quirúrgico, se diseña un protocolo para evaluar la factibilidad de realizar en nuestro medio una colecistectomía laparoscópica utilizando un único punto de ingreso al abdomen. Material y Método: Se incluye pacientes con colelitiasis o pólipos vesiculares, sin antecedentes de cólicos biliares recientes y con vía biliar fina. A través de una incisión umbilical se introduce una óptica con canal de trabajo y por la misma incisión un segundo trocar. Resultados: Entre mayo de 2008 y febrero de 2009, 12 mujeres cumplen los criterios de inclusión, 9 con colelitiasis y 3 con pólipos vesiculares. No hubo conversión a cirugía laparoscópica tradicional, el tiempo operatorio varió de 160 minutos al comienzo a 45 minutos en los últimos casos; el dolor fue similar a la cirugía laparoscópica tradicional. No hubo complicaciones intra ni post operatorias, el tiempo de estadía post operatoria fue de 12 a 48 horas. Conclusión: La colecistectomía laparoscópica transumbilical con mínimo trauma, es comparable a la cirugía laparoscópica tradicional en relación a dolor post operatorio y estadía hospitalaria, sin embargo, ofrece mejores resultados estéticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods , Cholelithiasis/surgery , Gallbladder Diseases/surgery , Polyps/surgery , Umbilicus , Length of Stay , Patient Satisfaction , Reproducibility of Results
11.
Anaesthesia ; 56(3): 251-7, 2001 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11251433

ABSTRACT

Haemodynamic parameters during an inhalation induction with 8% sevoflurane were compared with those obtained with a target-controlled infusion of propofol in 50 hypertensive patients in a prospective randomised study. Heart rate and arterial pressure were recorded continuously. End-tidal sevoflurane and nitrous oxide concentration, SpO2 and bispectral index (BIS) were also collected from the beginning of anaesthesia until 8 min after tracheal intubation. Patients either received 4 mg.l-1 target-concentration propofol or performed a vital capacity inhalation of 8% sevoflurane in a high flow of oxygen (8 l.min-1) supplemented with 50% nitrous oxide at loss of consciousness. As soon as BIS was < 60, 20 microg.kg-1 alfentanil and 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium were injected and orotracheal intubation was then performed 1 min later. Thereafter, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was reduced to 1.3 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Hypotension was defined as a 30% decrease in arterial pressure and was treated with repeated 3-mg boluses of ephedrine. When 12 mg ephedrine was unable to correct hypotension, the concentration of propofol was reduced by 1 mg.l-1 and that of sevoflurane by 0.5%. Hypotension occurred in 22 patients in the sevoflurane group and 21 in the propofol group, and hypertension occurred in two and three patients in each group, respectively. The maximal reduction in mean (SD) arterial pressure was similar in the sevoflurane (45 (4) mmHg) and propofol (41.3 (2.6) mmHg) groups, as were the ephedrine requirements (9.6 (1.1) vs. 9.1 (1.1) mg, sevoflurane vs. propofol, p > 0.05), the duration of hypotension (276 (37) vs. 292 (38) s, sevoflurane vs. propofol, p > 0.05), and the number of hypotensive episodes or anaesthetic changes and depth of anaesthesia. Nevertheless, heart rate was lower during the 8 min following tracheal intubation in the sevoflurane group. In both groups, the duration of hypotension was easily controlled either by ephedrine or by adjusting the anaesthetic concentrations. Overall, haemodynamic tolerance appears to be similar in the two techniques. Because hypotension occurred after alfentanil in most patients, this study questioned which is the best opioid dose, if any, to associate with propofol or sevoflurane for the induction in hypertensive patients.


Subject(s)
Anesthetics, General/pharmacology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hypertension/physiopathology , Methyl Ethers/pharmacology , Propofol/pharmacology , Aged , Alfentanil/pharmacology , Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology , Anesthetics, General/pharmacokinetics , Anesthetics, Inhalation/pharmacokinetics , Anesthetics, Inhalation/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacokinetics , Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Heart Rate/drug effects , Humans , Methyl Ethers/pharmacokinetics , Middle Aged , Propofol/pharmacokinetics , Prospective Studies , Sevoflurane
12.
J Biol Chem ; 274(40): 28652-9, 1999 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10497234

ABSTRACT

Colonic epithelial HT29-cl19A cells are polarized and secrete proteins among which alpha(1)-antitrypsin represents about 95%. Secretion occurs via a constitutive pathway, so that the rates of secretion directly reflect the rates of protein transit. In this paper we have demonstrated that: 1) in resting cells phospholipase D (PLD) is implicated in the control of apical protein transit; 2) phorbol esters stimulate apical protein transit (stimulation factor 2.2), which is correlated with a PLD-catalyzed production of phosphatidic acid (PA) (2.45-fold increase); 3) the stimulation of cholinergic receptors by carbachol results in an increase (stimulation factor 1.45) of apical protein transit which is independent of protein kinase C and PLD activities, but related to PA formation (1.7-fold increase) via phospholipase(s) C and diacylglycerol kinase activation; 4) an elevation of the cAMP level enhances apical protein transit by a PA-independent mechanism; 5) a trans-Golgi network or post-trans-Golgi network step of the transit is the target for the regulatory events. In conclusion, we have shown that PA can be produced by two independent signaling pathways; whatever the pathway followed, a close relationship between the amount of PA and the level of secretion was observed.


Subject(s)
Colon/metabolism , Phosphatidic Acids/metabolism , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/metabolism , Carbachol/pharmacology , Colon/cytology , Diacylglycerol Kinase/metabolism , Enzyme Activation , Enzyme Activators/pharmacology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Golgi Apparatus/metabolism , HT29 Cells , Humans , Kinetics , Phospholipase D/metabolism , Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
13.
Rev. chil. cir ; 61(3): 229-235, jun. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-547826

ABSTRACT

Background: Intrabiliary rupture is a complication of hepatic hydatid cysts. Aim: To determine if intrabiliary rupture is a risk factor for postoperative complications of hydatid cysts. Material and Methods: Prospective follow up of patients operated for hepatic hydatid cysts between 1996 and 2006. Patients were evaluated every six months during the first years and every 12 months thereafter. The presence of intrabiliary rupture was evaluated as a risk factor to develop complications during the follow up. Results: Ninety six patients with and 156 patients without intrabiliary rupture, 56 percent females, aged 42 years, were followed for a mean of 86.5 months. The overall incidence of complications was 17 percent. The incidence in patients with and without intrabiliary rupture was 9,4 and 21,8 percent respectively (p = 0.01). The bivariate analysis showed differences between patients with and without complications in leukocyte count, serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatases, transaminases, cyst diameter, hospital stay and cyst complications. The relative risk for complications of intrabiliary rupture was 3,4 (95 percent confidence intervals 2,6-4,2). Conclusions: The presence of intrabiliary rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst is an independent risk factor for the development of complications in the postoperative period.


Introducción: Una de las complicaciones evolutivas de la hidatidosis hepática (HH) es la comunicación quisto-biliar (CQB). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si la CQB es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con HH. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva. Pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por HH entre 1996 y 2006 en el Hospital Regional de Temuco, Chile, con seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses y controles clínicos en los meses 1,6, 12, 24, 36, 48 y 60. La variable resultado fue "desarrollo de morbilidad postoperatoria", considerada de forma dicotómica. La variable de exposición fue presencia de CQB; analizada en forma dicotómica (CQB presente o ausente); y según el número de CQB (sin CQB, con una CQB y con dos o más CQB). El tamaño de la muestra fue estimado en base a intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento, un poder de 80 por ciento, relación pacientes con CQB: sin CQB de 1:1; proporción de morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con CQB de 30 por ciento, y de 14 por ciento en pacientes sin CQB. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariados y multivariados, con modelos de regresión logística ordinal; de este modo se calcularon riesgos relativos (RR) y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento (IC). Resultados: Las cohortes están compuestas por 96 pacientes sin CQB (38,1 por ciento) y 156 pacientes con CQB (61,9 por ciento). Se caracterizan por una mediana de edad de 42 años; 56,4 por ciento de género femenino, una mediana de diámetro quístico y de seguimiento de 15 cm y 86,5 meses respectivamente. Se verificó un 17,1 por ciento de morbilidad. La morbilidad del grupo sin CQB fue de 9,4 por ciento y del grupo con CQB de 21,8 por ciento (p = 0,011). Del análisis bivariado destacan diferencias entre grupos en las variables recuento de leucocitos, bilirrubina, fosfatasa alcalina, transaminasas, diámetro del quiste, estancia hospitalaria y existencia de complicación del quiste (p < 0,01). Se verificó un RR de 3,4 (IC de 2,64, 4,18) para la comparación de subgrupos sin CQB o con dos o más CQB (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La presencia de dos o más CQB constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de morbilidad postoperatoria en pacientes con HH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Biliary Tract Diseases/etiology , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgery , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Logistic Models , Probability , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Rupture, Spontaneous
14.
Rev. chil. cir ; 61(4): 333-338, ago. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-535019

ABSTRACT

Background: Cyst infection and subsequent abscess formation is considered a complication of hepatic echinococcosis (HE). Aim: To determine whether liver abscess of hydatid origin (LAHO) is a risk factor for the development of postoperative complications (POC) in patients operated by HE. Material and Methods: Prospective cohort study. Patients consecutively operated by HE between 2000 and 2007 were studied. LAHO was considered as exposure and POC as outcome. Results: Fifty two patients with LAHO, aged 50 +/- 21 years (52 percent females) and 126 without LAHO, aged 48 +/- 20 years (56 percent females) were studied. Patients with LAHO had a higher frequency of coexistent cyst lesions and a lower frequency of biliary communications. The frequency of complications was 28.9 and 11.1 percent among patients with and without LAHO, respectively (p < 0.01, crude risk ratio of 2.6, 95 percent confidence intervals 1.4-5.0). Logistic regression showed a significant interaction of alkaline phosphatases with risk calculation. The risk ratio, adjusting by this variable, changed to 2.45 (95 percent confidence intervals 1.3-5.0). Conclusions: LAHO is a risk factor for the development of POC in patients operated by HE.


Introducción: La infección del quiste y subsiguiente formación de un absceso hepático de origen hidatídico (AHH) constituye una complicación evolutiva de la hidatidosis hepática (HH). Objetivo: Determinar si el AHH constituye un factor de riesgo (FR) para el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias (CPO) en pacientes intervenidos por HH. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva. Se estudiaron pacientes intervenidos consecutivamente entre 2000 y 2007. La variable de exposición fue tener AHH y la variable resultado, el desarrollo de CPO (considerada de forma dicotómica). El tamaño de la muestra se calculó considerando nivel de significación de 5 por ciento, potencia de 80 por ciento, riesgo de CPO en pacientes con AHH de 24,4 por ciento y sin AHH de 6,5 por ciento; relación paciente con AHH: sin AHH de 1: 2; lo que determinó una muestra de 52 pacientes con AHH y 104 sin AHH. Se aplicaron análisis bivariados paramétricos y no paramétricos. Se calculó incidencia de CPO, riesgo relativo (RR) e intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento); y se controló el efecto de variables clínicas, de laboratorio, evolutivas del parásito y quirúrgicas, aplicando modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: Las cohortes se conformaron por 52 pacientes con AHH y 126 sin AHH, con una mediana de edad de 45 años (59 por ciento de género femenino). La distribución de las variables categóricas fue similar en las cohortes en estudio, a excepción de "lesiones quísticas coexistentes" y "comunicaciones biliares". La incidencia de morbilidad fue 28,9 por ciento para la cohorte con AHH, y de 11,1 por ciento para la cohorte sin AHH (p = 0,0036; RR crudo de 2,6 [IC 95 por ciento 1,4 - 5,0]). El modelo de regresión logística permitió constatar que la variable "fosfatasa alcalina", interactuaba en la asociación en estudio (p = 0,018), razón por la que se controló por ésta, obteniéndose un RR ajustado de 2,45 con IC 95 por ciento de 1,3-5,0. Conclusión: Se...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Liver Abscess/complications , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgery , Analysis of Variance , Liver Abscess/blood , Cohort Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Incidence , Logistic Models , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
15.
Rev. chil. cir ; 61(2): 142-147, abr. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-538025

ABSTRACT

Background: Bacterial colonization of bile is common in patients with bile duct obstruction, even in the absence of clinical signs of sepsis. Aim: To determine the association between bile bacterial count and postoperative complications in patients with bile duct obstruction. Material and Methods: A bile bacterial count was performed to patients with acute cholangitis caused by biliary stones, operated between 2004 and 2006. Post operative complications and length of hospital stay were recorded in these patients. Results: Fifty four patients aged between 25 and 95 years (34 females) were studied. The most common bacteria found, were Escherichia coli in 32 cultures (50 percent), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in 6 cultures (9 percent). In 45 cases the bacterial load was over 10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ml. Among patients with and without complications, 68 and 69 percent had a bacterial load over 10(5) CFU/ml, respectively (p = NS). A multivariate analysis showed an association between platelet count and prothrombin time with the incidence of complications. Conclusions: In this series of patients with acute cholangitis, no association between bile bacterial count and postoperative complications was observed.


Introducción: La colonización bacteriana de la bilis parece ser frecuente en pacientes con obstrucción de la vía biliar ya sea con o sin signos de sepsis. Objetivos: Determinar asociación entre el recuento bacteriano en la bilis de pacientes con colangitis aguda (CA) y el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias; y, determinar asociación entre variables fisiológicas y desarrollo de complicaciones en el mismo grupo. Material y Método: Reporte preliminar de estudio de cohorte de pacientes con CA litiásica, intervenidos quirúrgicamente en los servicios de cirugía y urgencias del Hospital Regional de Temuco en el período diciembre de 2004 a noviembre de 2006. Se realizó cultivo cuantitativo y se registraron variables clínicas y de laboratorio al ingreso. Se efectuó medición de complicaciones postoperatorias, estancia hospitalaria y evolución de los pacientes. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y posteriormente análisis univariado y multivariado. Resultados: Se estudió un total de 54 pacientes, 34 (63 por ciento) fueron de género femenino y 20 (37 por ciento) de género masculino, con una mediana de edad de 68 años (25 a 95 años). El germen más frecuentemente aislado fue Escherichia coli en 32 cultivos (50 por ciento), seguido por Klebsiella pneumoniae en 6 cultivos (9 por ciento). De los gérmenes aislados 45 (82 por ciento) tenían cargas bacterianas sobre 10(5) UFC/ml. De los pacientes que presentaron alguna complicación 68 por ciento tenían cargas bacterianas superiores a 10(5) UFC/ml y de los pacientes que no presentaron complicaciones 69 por ciento tenían cargas bacterianas inferiores a 10(5) UFC/ml (p = 0,513). En el análisis univariado se encontró asociación entre desarrollo de complicaciones y las variables frecuencia cardíaca, creatinina, recuento de plaquetas y tiempo de protrombina. Con el análisis multivariado se determinó asociación entre desarrollo de complicaciones y las variables recuento de plaquetas y tiempo de protrombina (OR: 4,35 y 4,58)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bile/microbiology , Cholangitis/microbiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Analysis of Variance , Cohort Studies , Colony Count, Microbial , Chile/epidemiology , Cholangitis/surgery , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Length of Stay , Morbidity
16.
Rev. chil. cir ; 61(1): 59-72, feb. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523055

ABSTRACT

Background: One of the main classification systems to describe the quality of scientific publications is the level of evidence. However, for our research team, the methodological quality is multidimensional. Aim: To design a scale to determine the methodological quality of studies dealing with prognosis. Material and Method: On a first stage, five professionals with experience in research were interviewed about the items that, in their opinion, must be considered to assess the methodological quality of a manuscript. On a second stage, 121 prognostic studies were critically reviewed by four professionals with research experience In addition, the number of publications of each author was determined and the evidence level of each article was described according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. A subsequent factorial analysis was performed and the fields and items of the scale were generated. Results: Sixty six percent of reviewed articles had a cohort design (prospective or retrospective), 45 percent were located at an evidence level Ib and 39 percent are at an evidence level of 4. After reviewing the articles, a factorial analysis was performed choosing an orthogonal matrix. A scale (MinCir Pr) was generated with a total of 25 items, 6 fields and a Cronbach coefficient alpha of 0.89. Conclusions: A scale to evaluate the methodological quality of prognosis studies (MinCir Pr) was designed, fulfilling rigorous methodological steps and the criterion of multidimensionality for methodological quality.


Introducción: Uno de los principales sistemas para calificar la calidad de las publicaciones científicas ha sido los niveles de evidencia. Para nuestro equipo de investigación el constructo calidad metodológica es un constructo multidimensional. Nuestro objetivo es diseñar una escala para determinar la calidad metodológica de los estudios referentes a pronóstico. Material y Método: Diseño de generación de escalas. En la primera etapa las fuentes de los ítems fueron entrevistas en profundidad a 5 profesionales con experiencia en investigación y la revisión de la literatura de los diferentes artículos acerca de evaluación de calidad metodológica de los estudios de pronóstico. En la segunda etapa se revisaron 121 estudios de pronóstico por 4 profesionales con experiencia en investigación. Además se analizó el número de publicaciones del autor y se calificó el nivel de evidencia de cada artículo según el centro de evidencia de Oxford. Posteriormente se realizó el análisis factorial y la generación de dominios e ítems de la escala. Resultados: Luego de le etapa de generación de ítems, se analizaron 120 artículos referentes a pronóstico. Un 66 por ciento de los artículos tienen diseño de cohorte (prospectiva o retrospectiva); un 45 por ciento son nivel de evidencia Ib y 39 por ciento son nivel de evidencia 4. Luego de la revisión de artículos se efectuó el análisis factorial escogiendo una matriz ortogonal. Se generó una escala (MinCir Pr) con un total de 25 Ítems, 6 dominios y un coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach de 0,89. Conclusiones: Se ha diseñado una escala para la evaluación de calidad metodológica de estudios de pronóstico (MinCir Pr) cumpliendo rigurosos pasos metodológicos y el criterio de multidimensionalidad de la calidad metodológica.


Subject(s)
Periodical , Prognosis , Research Design , Review Literature as Topic , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research , Quality Control
17.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(1): 41-45, feb. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-491784

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Una de las variables que se analiza en los estudios bibliométricos es la procedencia de las publicaciones. Este tipo de análisis ha permitido cuantificar el impacto que tienen las distintas universidades o centros hospitalarios en el total de publicaciones de una revista en particular. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar una eventual asociación entre el índice de publicación y la procedencia de los artículos publicados en la Revista Chilena de Cirugía (Rev Chil Cir). Material y método: Estudio biblio-métrico. Se analizaron todos los artículos publicados en la Rev Chil Cir entre los años 2002 y 2006. Los artículos se categorizaron de acuerdo al año de publicación, el tipo de artículo, región del país que originó el artículo y la filiación universitaria manifestada en cada artículo. Se calculó la tasa de publicación, el promedio anual y general de publicación, y la tasa de publicación anual promedio (TPAP). Posteriormente, se aplicó estadística analítica para determinar diferencias entre grupos, utilizando T de Student, ANOVA y prueba de comparaciones múltiples de Duncan. Resultados: En el periodo estudiado, se publicaron 545 artículos científicos, con un promedio de 18,2 artículos por número y 109 artículos por volumen. El 67,9 por ciento fue generado por la Región Metropolitana (RM), el 10,8 por ciento por la VIII región y el 7,8 por ciento por la IX región. Solo en un 64,8 por ciento de las publicaciones queda de manifiesto alguna filiación universitaria. Las mayores TPAP correspondieron a los Capítulos IX y VIII Región con 2,3 + 0,8 y 1,8 + 0,2 publicaciones/año x 10 miembros (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Un alto porcentaje de las publicaciones provienen de centros sin filiación universitaria. La mayor TPAP se verificó en regiones.


Background: The analysis of author affiliation of published manuscripts allows an assessment of the impact that different universities or hospitals have on a determinate journal. Aim: To analyze author affiliation of manuscripts published in Revista Chilena de Cirugía. Material and methods: All manuscripts published in the journal between 2002 and 2006, were analyzed. The affiliation of authors, the year of publication and the region of Chile in which the manuscript was generated, were recorded. The publication rate, annual average were calculated. The association of authors to specific regional subsidiaries of the Chilean Society of Surgeons was also recorded and the average annual publication rates per regional subsidiary, were calculated. Resu/fs; During the study period 545 manuscripts were published, with a mean of 18 manuscripts per issue and 109 per volume. Sixty eight percent of manuscripts came from the metropolitan region, 11 percent from the eight region and 8 percent from the ninth region. In only 65 percent of manuscripts, authors had an university affiliation. The higher average annual publication rates were observed in the subsidiaries of the eighth and ninth region, with 2.3 + 0.8 and 1.8 + 0.2 publications per year per 10 members, respectively. Conclusions: An important proportion of manuscripts have authors without university affiliation. The higher average annual publication rates come from regional subsidiaries of the Chilean Society of Surgeons.


Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , General Surgery , Periodical , Analysis of Variance , Chile
18.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(2): 132-138, abr. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-497968

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El tratamiento de la Equinoccocosis es quirúrgico. El estudio de Keshmiri plantea el uso de albendazol como alternativa. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar validez interna y externa del estudio de Keshmiri. Material y método: Se aplicaron 4 instrumentos que valoran diferentes ámbitos metodológicos al estudio de Keshmiri. Se realizó lectura crítica; se analizó calidad metodológica, validez interna y externa con 3 instrumentos: MINCIR, CONSORT y SIGN. Estos, fueron aplicados por 7 investigadores con formación en epidemiología clínica. Resultados: La guía de lectura permitió verificar carencia de objetivo específico, asignación aleatoria y enmascaramiento mal definido. Los pacientes no fueron considerados hasta el final del estudio (hubo pérdida de 22,7 por ciento de pacientes en la rama del fármaco y de 42,8 por ciento de pacientes en la rama placebo). La escala MINCIR permitió identificar un ensayo clínico, con enmascaramiento, secuencia de aleatorización no clara, sin cálculo del tamaño de la muestra y objetivos vagos. CONSORT permitió comprobar carencia de hipótesis de trabajo y objetivos específicos; no identificación de variable primaria y tamaño de muestra, ambigüedades del proceso de aleatorización, enmascaramiento poco claro, ausencia de ajuste estadístico y omisión de análisis de subgrupos. SIGN permitió objetivar los mismos problemas antes descritos. Conclusión: Los instrumentos aplicados, pusieron en evidencia falencias metodológicas que objetan la validez interna y externa del estudio. La adopción de este protocolo debe observarse con precaución.


Background: Classic treatment of echinococcosis is surgery. The study of Keshmiri raises the use of albendazole as an alternative. Aim: To determine internal and external validity of the Keshmiri study. Material and methods: Four instruments that assess methodological quality, were applied to the manuscript. A critical reading was done and the internal and external validity of the methodological quality was analyzed with three scales: Methodology and Research in Surgery (MINCIR), Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Guides and scales were applied by 7 researchers with training in clinical epidemiology. Results: The Keshmiri study has not a specific objective. The method used for random assignment is not described and not all patients were assessed at the end of the study due to a loss form follow up of 23 percent of patients in drug branch and 43 percent in the placebo branch. MINCIR scale identified a blinded randomized clinical trial, with an unclear randomized sequence, without sample size estimation and vague objectives. CONSORT proved the lack of working hypothesis and specific objectives as well as an absence of identification of the primary variable, absence of sample size calculation, ambiguities in the randomization process, absence of statistical adjustment and the omission of a subgroup analysis. SIGN verified the same methodological errors. Conclusions: The applied instruments found methodological deficiencies that jeopardize the internal and external validity of the study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Echinococcosis/drug therapy , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/drug therapy , Methodology as a Subject
19.
Rev. chil. cir ; 58(3): 224-227, jun. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475788

ABSTRACT

Se reporta el caso de una paciente con fístula biliobronquial (FBB) debida a hidatidosis hepática (HH)en tránsito al tórax que consultó por biliptisis y falla respiratoria aguda secundaria. Por el cuadro clínico sumado a los hallazgos de la ecografía de urgencia y el deterioro respiratorio progresivo se decidió operar a la paciente de urgencia, con la idea de controlar la vía aérea y realizar el tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo. Se eligió la vía abdominal para abordar el quiste hepático y su complicación. La evolución clínica de la paciente fue favorable, encontrándose asintomática, con radiografía de tórax normal y ecografía abdominal sin signos de cavidad residual en el control de los seis meses postoperatorios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/complications , Biliary Fistula/surgery , Bronchial Fistula/surgery , Biliary Fistula/etiology , Bronchial Fistula/etiology , Treatment Outcome
20.
Rev. chil. cir ; 58(5): 347-353, oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-438435

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existe controversia acerca del uso de analgesia durante el proceso diagnóstico y la toma de decisiones en pacientes con dolor abdominal agudo (DAA). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si el uso de analgésicos opiáceos (AO) en pacientes con DAA incrementa el riesgo de error diagnóstico. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios (ECAs) sin restricción idiomática, que comparasen el uso de AO vs. placebo en pacientes con DAA, administrados antes de cualquier intervención. Fueron excluidos ECAs con resumen no disponible ó temática no atingente. Las variables consideradas fueron edad; género; porcentaje de: efectos adversos, apendicitis, cambios al examen físico y error diagnóstico; modificación de la intensidad del dolor medido por escala visual análoga; y, calidad metodológica de los estudios. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos COCHRANE y MEDLINE, utilizando términos MeSH. El análisis de cada artículo fue realizado aplicando un escore de calidad metodológica mediante el cual se calcularon promedios ponderados para cada variable. Se aplicaron las estadísticas x² y t-test para comparación de grupos. Resultados: Se encontraron 6 artículos que cumplían los criterios de selección cuyo escore de calidad metodológica promedio fue de 21,6 puntos. Los estudios representan una población de 363 pacientes tratados con opiáceos y 336 con placebo, sin diferencias en promedio de edad (39,4 vs. 39,6 años), distribución por género, prevalencia de apendicitis aguda (23,3 por ciento vs. 24 por ciento) ni error diagnóstico (15,6 por ciento vs 21,1 por ciento; p=0.0637). Se verificó diferencias en la variable reducción del dolor medido por escala visual análoga (27,2 vs. 7,2 mm, respectivamente; p=0,0167). Conclusiones: El uso de AO en pacientes con DAA no incrementa el riesgo de error diagnóstico y reduce el dolor durante la toma de decisiones.


There is controversy about the use of analgesia during the diagnostic work up of acute abdominal pain. We performed a systematic review of literature in databases such as COCHRANE and MEDLINE, looking for randomized clinical trials comparing the use of opiate analgesics and placebo in patients with acute abdominal pain, before surgery. The variables considered were age, gender, adverse effects, diagnosis of appendicitis, changes in physical examination and diagnostic error. Six papers were found, with a mean methodological quality score of 21.6 of a maximum of 36. A total population of 363 patients were treated with opiates and 336 with placebo. There were no differences between groups in age, gender, prevalence of appendicitis or diagnostic errors. There was a significant reduction in pain among patients that received opiates, compared with those on placebo (7.2 and 27.2 mm in the visual analog score, respectively, p=0.02). It is concluded that opiates do not increment the risk of diagnostic errors and significantly reduce pain in patients with acute abdominal pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Diagnostic Errors , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/drug therapy
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