ABSTRACT
Whether vaccination against a virus can protect against more virulent coinfection with the virus and additional pathogen(s) remains poorly characterized. Overlapping endemicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria suggests that HIV/malaria coinfection frequently complicates acute and chronic HIV infection. Here we showed that vaccination of macaques with recombinant Listeria ΔactA prfA* expressing simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) gag and env elicited Gag- and Env-specific T-cell responses, and protected against life-threatening SHIV-related malaria after SHIV/Plasmodium fragile coinfection. SHIV antigen immunization reduced peak viremia, resisted SHIV/malaria-induced lymphoid destruction, and blunted coinfection-accelerated decline of CD4(+) T-cell counts after SHIV/malaria coinfection. SHIV antigen immunization also weakened coinfection-driven overreactive proinflammatory interferon-γ (IFNγ) responses and led to developing T helper cell 17/22 (Th17/Th22) responses after SHIV/malaria coinfection. The findings suggest that vaccination against AIDS virus can alter patterns of immune responses to the SHIV/malaria coinfection and protect against life-threatening SHIV-related malaria.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Viral/immunology , Coinfection/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , Malaria/immunology , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology , Animals , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Coinfection/microbiology , Coinfection/parasitology , Coinfection/prevention & control , Gene Products, env/immunology , Gene Products, gag/immunology , HIV Infections/parasitology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/immunology , Macaca mulatta/immunology , Macaca mulatta/microbiology , Macaca mulatta/virology , Malaria/microbiology , Malaria/prevention & control , Plasmodium/immunology , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology , Vaccination/methods , Vaccines, Synthetic/immunologyABSTRACT
Organic-inorganic hybrid low-dimensional lead halides have garnered significant interest in the realm of solid-state optical materials due to their unique properties and potential applications. In this study, we report the synthesis, characterization and application of Mn2+-doped one-dimensional (1D) [AEP]PbCl5·H2O hybrid lead halide perovskites with tunable photoluminescence properties. The Mn2+ doping leads to a redshift of the dominant emission wavelength from 463 nm to 630 nm, with the optimal doping concentration resulting in an enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from less than 1% to 8.96%. The structural and optical stability of these doped perovskites have been thoroughly investigated revealing excellent performance under humid and high-temperature conditions. Perovskite-PVP composite films exhibit high crystallization and bright orange-red emission under UV excitation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of a white LED device using the Mn2+-doped perovskite in combination with commercial green and blue phosphors. The fabricated LED exhibits a high color rendering index (CRI) of 87.2 and stable electroluminescence performance under various operating currents and extended operation times. Our findings highlight the potential of Mn2+-doped 1D hybrid lead halide perovskites as efficient and stable phosphors for high-performance white light emitting diodes and other optoelectronic applications.
ABSTRACT
The removal rate and degradation pathway of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in bioelectrochemical system (BES) and the elimination dynamics of SMX in a BES driven by stacked constructed wetland-coupled microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) were investigated. The results found that SMX (30mgL-1) was rapidly degraded in the BES, and the SMX removal kinetics was simulated well by a first-order kinetic model (R2>0.93). Low current had no effect on the degradation products but enhanced the SMX removal rate. Biotransformation was the main pathway for the SMX elimination in the BES. The CW-MFCs supplied adequate and stable electricity (0.84-1.01V) to support the BES for rapid SMX degradation without additional energy inputs. The relative abundance of Methanosarcina (18.7%) and VadinCA11 (3.1%) increased with an increase in voltage up to 1.2V. However, the opposite was observed for Methanosaeta and Methanomassiliicoccus. The current in the BES influenced the methanogenic communities.