Tight junction protein LSR is a host defense factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the small intestine.

The identification of host factors with antiviral potential is important for developing effective prevention and therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, by using immortalized cell lines, intestinal organoids, ex vivo intestinal tissues and humanized ACE2 mouse model as proof-of-principle systems, we have identified lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) as a crucial host defense factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the small intestine. Loss of endogenous LSR enhances ACE2-dependent infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein-pseudotyped virus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus, and exogenous administration of LSR protects against viral infection. Mechanistically, LSR interacts with ACE2 both in cis and in trans, preventing its binding to S protein, and thus inhibiting viral entry and S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion. Finally, a small LSR-derived peptide blocks S protein binding to the ACE2 receptor in vitro. These results identify both a previously unknown function for LSR in antiviral host defense against SARS-CoV-2, with potential implications for peptide-based pan-variant therapeutic interventions.

Fast-charging aluminium-chalcogen batteries resistant to dendritic shorting.

Although batteries fitted with a metal negative electrode are attractive for their higher energy density and lower complexity, the latter making them more easily recyclable, the threat of cell shorting by dendrites has stalled deployment of the technology1,2. Here we disclose a bidirectional, rapidly charging aluminium-chalcogen battery operating with a molten-salt electrolyte composed of NaCl-KCl-AlCl3. Formulated with high levels of AlCl3, these chloroaluminate melts contain catenated AlnCl3n+1- species, for example, Al2Cl7-, Al3Cl10- and Al4Cl13-, which with their Al-Cl-Al linkages confer facile Al3+ desolvation kinetics resulting in high faradaic exchange currents, to form the foundation for high-rate charging of the battery. This chemistry is distinguished from other aluminium batteries in the choice of a positive elemental-chalcogen electrode as opposed to various low-capacity compound formulations3-6, and in the choice of a molten-salt electrolyte as opposed to room-temperature ionic liquids that induce high polarization7-12. We show that the multi-step conversion pathway between aluminium and chalcogen allows rapid charging at up to 200C, and the battery endures hundreds of cycles at very high charging rates without aluminium dendrite formation. Importantly for scalability, the cell-level cost of the aluminium-sulfur battery is projected to be less than one-sixth that of current lithium-ion technologies. Composed of earth-abundant elements that can be ethically sourced and operated at moderately elevated temperatures just above the boiling point of water, this chemistry has all the requisites of a low-cost, rechargeable, fire-resistant, recyclable battery.

Localization-delocalization transition for light particles in turbulence.

Small bubbles in fluids rise to the surface due to Archimede's force. Remarkably, in turbulent flows this process is severely hindered by the presence of vortex filaments, which act as moving potential wells, dynamically trapping light particles and bubbles. Quantifying the statistical weights and roles of vortex filaments in turbulence is, however, still an outstanding experimental and computational challenge due to their small scale, fast chaotic motion, and transient nature. Here we show that, under the influence of a modulated oscillatory forcing, the collective bubble behavior switches from a dynamically localized to a delocalized state. Additionally, we find that by varying the forcing frequency and amplitude, a remarkable resonant phenomenon between light particles and small-scale vortex filaments emerges, likening particle behavior to a forced damped oscillator. We discuss how these externally actuated bubbles can be used as a type of microscopic probe to investigate the space-time statistical properties of the smallest turbulence scales, allowing to quantitatively measure physical characteristics of vortex filaments. We develop a superposition model that is in excellent agreement with the simulation data of the particle dynamics which reveals the fraction of localized/delocalized particles as well as characteristics of the potential landscape induced by vortices in turbulence. Our approach paves the way for innovative ways to accurately measure turbulent properties and to the possibility to control light particles and bubble motions in turbulence with potential applications to oceanography, medical imaging, drug/gene delivery, chemical reactions, wastewater treatment, and industrial mixing.

SPIDR is required for homologous recombination during mammalian meiosis.

Meiotic recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 mediate strand exchange in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination. This is a landmark event of meiosis that ensures genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms. However, the regulatory mechanism of DMC1/RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filaments during homologous recombination in mammals has remained largely elusive. Here, we show that SPIDR (scaffold protein involved in DNA repair) regulates the assembly or stability of RAD51/DMC1 on ssDNA. Knockout of Spidr in male mice causes complete meiotic arrest, accompanied by defects in synapsis and crossover formation, which leads to male infertility. In females, loss of Spidr leads to subfertility; some Spidr-/- oocytes are able to complete meiosis. Notably, fertility is rescued partially by ablation of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase CHK2 in Spidr-/- females but not in males. Thus, our study identifies SPIDR as an essential meiotic recombination factor in homologous recombination in mammals.

PmLBD3 links auxin and brassinosteroid signalling pathways on dwarfism in Prunus mume.

BACKGROUND: Grafting with dwarf rootstock is an efficient method to control plant height in fruit production. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study showed that plants with Prunus mume (mume) rootstock exhibited a considerable reduction in plant height, internode length, and number of nodes compared with Prunus persica (peach) rootstock. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism behind the regulation of plant height by mume rootstocks through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses with two grafting combinations, 'Longyan/Mume' and 'Longyan/Peach'. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in brassinolide levels in plants that were grafted onto mume rootstocks. Plant hormone signal transduction and brassinolide production metabolism gene expression also changed significantly. Flavonoid levels, amino acid and fatty acid metabolites, and energy metabolism in dwarf plants decreased. There was a notable upregulation of PmLBD3 gene expression in plant specimens that were subjected to grafting onto mume rootstocks. Auxin signalling cues promoted PmARF3 transcription, which directly controlled this upregulation. Through its binding to PmBAS1 and PmSAUR36a gene promoters, PmLBD3 promoted endogenous brassinolide inactivation and inhibited cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Auxin signalling and brassinolide levels are linked by PmLBD3. Our findings showed that PmLBD3 is a key transcription factor that regulates the balance of hormones through the auxin and brassinolide signalling pathways and causes dwarf plants in stone fruits.

Engineering Nanosensitizer to Remodel the TME for Hypoimmunogenic "Cold"-"Hot" Tumor Transformations.

α-PD-L1 therapy has shown encouraging results at harnessing the immune system to combat cancer. However, the treatment effect is relatively low due to the dense extracellular matrix (ECM) and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, an ultrasound (US)-responsive nanosensitizer (URNS) is engineered to deliver losartan (LST) and polyethylenimine (PEI) to remolde the TME, driving "cold"-"hot" tumor transformation and enhancing the sensitivity of α-PD-L1 therapy. In the tumor site, noninvasive US can make MTNP generate ROS, which cleave ROS-sensitive bonds to dissociate MTNPtK@LST-PEI, shedding PEI and releasing LST from mesoporous spheres. The results demonstrated that URNS combined with α-PD-L1 therapy effectively inhibited tumor growth with an inhibition rate as high as 90%, which was 1.7-fold higher than that of the α-PD-L1 treatment in vivo. In summary, the URNS improves the sensitivity of α-PD-L1 therapy by remodeling the TME, which provides promising insights for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.

Enamine Acylation Enabled Desymmetrization of Malonic Esters.

Asymmetric enamine alkylation represents a powerful tool for stereoselective C-C bond formation; in contrast, the development of enantioselective enamine acylation remains elusive. Here, we report that a chiral phosphoric acid can render an in-situ-formed enamine to undergo a stereoselective intramolecular α-carbon acylation, providing an alternative approach for the synthesis of useful pyrrolinones and indolinones bearing tetrasubstituted stereocenters. Utilizing an effective integration of the desymmetrization strategy and bifunctional organocatalysis, the first example of enantioselective enamine acylation is achieved by employing readily available aminomalonic esters and cyclic ketones. Instead of reactive and moisture-sensitive acyl chlorides, common esters with low electrophilicity were successfully used as efficient acylating reagents via hydrogen bonding interactions. The utility is demonstrated in the concise and enantioselective synthesis of (+)-LipidGreen I and II. Experimental studies and DFT calculations establish the reaction pathway and the origin of stereocontrol.

Multiple primary lung cancer: Updates and perspectives.

Management of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) remains challenging, partly due to its increasing incidence, especially with the significant rise in cases of multiple lung nodules caused by low-dose computed tomography screening. Moreover, the indefinite pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment selection add to the complexity. In recent years, there have been continuous efforts to dissect the molecular characteristics of MPLC and explore new diagnostic approaches as well as treatment modalities, which will be reviewed here, with a focus on newly emerging evidence and future perspectives, hope to provide new insights into the management of MPLC and serve as inspiration for future research related to MPLC.

Machine-Learning-Assisted Aggregation-Induced Emissive Nanosilicon-Based Sensor Array for Point-of-Care Identification of Multiple Foodborne Pathogens.

How timely identification and determination of pathogen species in pathogen-contaminated foods are responsible for rapid and accurate treatments for food safety accidents. Herein, we synthesize four aggregation-induced emissive nanosilicons with different surface potentials and hydrophobicities by encapsulating four tetraphenylethylene derivatives differing in functional groups. The prepared nanosilicons are utilized as receptors to develop a nanosensor array according to their distinctive interactions with pathogens for the rapid and simultaneous discrimination of pathogens. By coupling with machine-learning algorithms, the proposed nanosensor array achieves high performance in identifying eight pathogens within 1 h with high overall accuracy (93.75-100%). Meanwhile, Cronobacter sakazakii and Listeria monocytogenes are taken as model bacteria for the quantitative evaluation of the developed nanosensor array, which can successfully distinguish the concentration of C. sakazakii and L. monocytogenes at more than 103 and 102 CFU mL-1, respectively, and their mixed samples at 105 CFU mL-1 through the artificial neural network. Moreover, eight pathogens at 1 × 104 CFU mL-1 in milk can be successfully identified by the developed nanosensor array, indicating its feasibility in monitoring food hazards.

Engineered Macrophages Tune Intratumoral Cytokines through Precisely Controlled Self-Pyroptosis to Enhance Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy.

Engineered macrophages are a promising tool for drug delivery and immunotherapy in cancer treatment. However, simultaneous targeted enrichment and controllable immunological activation of these macrophages at the tumor site remains challenging. As a solution, macrophages loaded with an advanced nanoparticle encapsulating CpG-conjugated magnetic nanoclusters (MNC) with indocyanine green (ICG) and nigericin (NIG) (MNC-ICG-NIG@SiO2 (MINS)), utilizing Se─Se bond-modified SiO2, are designed and applied in bladder cancer, which is typically managed surgically, followed by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) adjuvant instillation therapy. Upon intravenous administration, BCG-mediated tumor-localized inflammation leads to targeted accumulation of MINS@MΦ. MINS@MΦ accumulates within the tumor tissue and is immunologically activated through laser irradiation, leading to ICG-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species, Se─Se bond cleavage, and subsequent NIG release to induce self-pyroptosis. Consequently, MINS@MΦ releases Fe2+ ions and CpG, thus promoting the M1 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and secretion of appropriate antitumor cytokines. However, without intervention, MINS@MΦ undergoes apoptosis in the bloodstream after 48 h without eliciting any immune response. Therefore, this innovative approach optimizes and enhances the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy by precisely modulating the cytokines for effective bladder cancer treatment without inducing a systemic inflammatory response.

A "Zn2+ in Salt" Interphase Enabling High-Performance Zn Metal Anodes.

Zinc metal is a promising anode candidate for aqueous zinc ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, low cost, and high safety. However, its application is currently restricted by hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), by-product formation, and Zn dendrite growth. Herein, a "Zn2+ in salt" (ZIS) interphase is in situ constructed on the surface of the anode (ZIS@Zn). Unlike the conventional "Zn2+ in water" working environment of Zn anodes, the intrinsic hydrophobicity of the ZIS interphase isolates the anode from direct contact with the aqueous electrolyte, thereby protecting it from HER, and the accompanying side reactions. More importantly, it works as an ordered water-free ion-conducting medium, which guides uniform Zn deposition and facilitates rapid Zn2+ migration at the interface. As a result, the symmetric cells assembled with ZIS@Zn exhibit dendrite-free plating/striping at 4500 h and a high critical current of 14 mA cm-2. When matched with a vanadium-based (NVO) cathode, the full battery exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability, with 88% capacity retention after 1600 cycles. This work provides an effective strategy to promote the stability and reversibility of Zn anodes in aqueous electrolytes.

Synergetic Effect of Mo-Doped and Oxygen Vacancies Endows Vanadium Oxide with High-Rate and Long-Life for Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery.

Vanadium (V)-based oxides have garnered significant attention as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their multiple valences and high theoretical capacity. However, their sluggish kinetics and low conductivity remain major obstacles to practical applications. In this study, Mo-doped V2O3 with oxygen vacancies (OVs, Mo-V2O3-x@NC) is prepared from a Mo-doped V-metal organic framework. Ex situ characterizations reveal that the cathode undergoes an irreversible phase transformation from Mo-V2O3-x to Mo-V2O5-x·nH2O and serves as an active material exhibiting excellent Zn2+ storage in subsequent charge-discharge cycles. Mo-doped helps to further improve cycling stability and increases with increasing content. More importantly, the synergistic effect of Mo-doped and OVs not only effectively reduces the Zn2+ migration energy barrier, but also enhances reaction kinetics, and electrochemical performance. Consequently, the cathode demonstrates ultrafast electrochemical kinetics, showing a superior rate performance (190.9 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1) and excellent long-term cycling stability (147.9 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1 after 10000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled pouch cell exhibits excellent cycling stability (313.6 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles), indicating promising application prospects. This work presents an effective strategy for designing and fabricating metal and OVs co-doped cathodes for high-performance AZIBs.

A Transformable Specific-Responsive Peptide for One-Step Synergistic Therapy of Bladder Cancer.

Synergistic therapy has shown greater advantages compared with monotherapy. However, the complex multiple-administration plan and potential side effects limit its clinical application. A transformable specific-responsive peptide (TSRP) is utilized to one-step achieve synergistic therapy integrating anti-tumor, anti-angiogenesis and immune response. The TSRP is composed of: i) Recognition unit could specifically target and inhibit the biological function of FGFR-1; ii) Transformable unit could self-assembly and trigger nanofibers formation; iii) Reactive unit could specifically cleaved by MMP-2/9 in tumor micro-environment; iv) Immune unit, stimulate the release of immune cells when LTX-315 (Immune-associated oncolytic peptide) exposed. Once its binding to FGFR-1, the TSRP could cleaved by MMP-2/9 to form the nanofibers on the cell membrane, with a retention time of up to 12 h. Through suppressing the phosphorylation levels of ERK 1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways downstream of FGFR-1, the TSRP significant inhibit the growth of tumor cells and the formation of angioginesis. Furthermore, LTX-315 is exposed after TSRP cleavage, resulting in Calreticulin activation and CD8+ T cells infiltration. All above processes together contribute to the increasing survival rate of tumor-bearing mice by nearly 4-folds. This work presented a unique design for the biological application of one-step synergistic therapy of bladder cancer.

MORN2 regulates the morphology and energy metabolism of mitochondria and is required for male fertility in mice.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate through respiratory activities to power sperm differentiation and motility, and decreased mitochondrial respiratory activity can result in poor sperm motility and asthenospermia. The mitochondrial sheath is a component of the mid-piece of the sperm flagellum, and dysfunction of the sheath can reduce sperm motility and cause male infertility. The membrane occupation and recognition nexus-motif protein 2 (MORN2) is testis enriched in mice, and the MORN motif was reported to play a role in the regulation of bioelectrical signal homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. METHODS: We generated Morn2-/- mice using CRISPR/Cas9 and evaluated the potential functions of MORN2 in spermiogenesis through histological analysis, fertility examination, RT-PCR, CASA, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, electron microscopy analysis, mitochondrial energy metabolism analysis, etc. RESULTS: The Morn2-/- mice were infertile, and their sperm showed severe motility defects. Morn2-/- sperm also had abnormal morphology characterized by bent heads, aberrant mitochondrial sheath formation, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, higher levels of reactive oxygen species, and decreased mitochondrial respiratory activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that MORN2 is essential for male fertility and indicates that MORN2 functions in mitochondrial sheath formation and regulates mitochondrial respiratory activity.

Chiral-phonon-activated spin Seebeck effect.

Utilization of the interaction between spin and heat currents is the central focus of the field of spin caloritronics. Chiral phonons possessing angular momentum arising from the broken symmetry of a non-magnetic material create the potential for generating spin currents at room temperature in response to a thermal gradient, precluding the need for a ferromagnetic contact. Here we show the observation of spin currents generated by chiral phonons in a two-dimensional layered hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite implanted with chiral cations when subjected to a thermal gradient. The generated spin current shows a strong dependence on the chirality of the film and external magnetic fields, of which the coefficient is orders of magnitude larger than that produced by the reported spin Seebeck effect. Our findings indicate the potential of chiral phonons for spin caloritronic applications and offer a new route towards spin generation in the absence of magnetic materials.

Roles of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 in the biological activities of Candida albicans.

Candida albicans stands as the foremost prevalent human commensal pathogen and a significant contributor to nosocomial fungal infections. In the metabolism of C. albicans, alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) is one of the important enzymes that converts acetaldehyde produced by pyruvate decarboxylation into ethanol at the end of glycolysis. Leveraging the foundational processes of alcoholic fermentation, Adh1 plays an active role in multiple biological phenomena, including biofilm formation, interactions between different species, the development of drug resistance, and the potential initiation of gastrointestinal cancer. Additionally, Adh1 within C. albicans has demonstrated associations with regulating the cell cycle, stress responses, and various intracellular states. Furthermore, Adh1 is extracellularly localized on the cell wall surface, where it plays roles in processes such as tissue invasion and host immune responses. Drawing from an analysis of ADH1 gene structure, expression patterns, and fundamental functions, this review elucidates the intricate connections between Adh1 and various biological processes within C. albicans, underscoring its potential implications for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of candidiasis.

Identification of Phosphodiesterase-7A (PDE7A) as a Novel Target for Reducing Ethanol Consumption in Mice.

BACKGROUND: Ethanol elicits a rapid stimulatory effect and a subsequent, prolonged sedative response, which are potential predictors of EtOH consumption by decreasing adenosine signaling; this phenomenon also reflects the obvious sex difference. cAMP (cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate)-PKA (Protein Kinase A) signaling pathway modulation can influence the stimulatory and sedative effects induced by EtOH in mice. This study's objective is to clarify the role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in mediating the observed sex differences in EtOH responsiveness between male and female animals. METHODS: EtOH was administered i.p. for 7 days to identify the changes in PDE isoforms in response to EtOH treatment. Additionally, EtOH consumption and preference of male and female C57BL/6J mice were assessed using the drinking-in-the-dark and 2-bottle choice tests. Further, pharmacological inhibition of PDE7A heterozygote knockout mice was performed to investigate its effects on EtOH-induced stimulation and sedation in both male and female mice. Finally, Western blotting analysis was performed to evaluate the alterations in cAMP-PKA/Epac2 pathways. RESULTS: EtOH administration resulted in an immediate upregulation in PDE7A expression in female mice, indicating a strong association between PDE7A and EtOH stimulation. Through the pharmacological inhibition of PDE7A KD mice, we have demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that PDE7A selectively attenuates EtOH responsiveness and consumption exclusively in female mice, whichmay be associated with the cAMP-PKA/Epac2 pathway and downstream phosphorylation of CREB and ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition or knockdown of PDE7A attenuates EtOH responsivenessand consumption exclusively in female mice, which is associated with alterations in the cAMP-PKA/Epac2 signaling pathways, thereby highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder.

Targeting tumour surface collage with hydrogel probe: a new strategy to enhance intraoperative imaging sensitivity and stability of bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: The incomplete resection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) augments the risk of disease recurrence. Imaging-guided surgery by molecular probes represents a pivotal strategy for mitigating postoperative recurrence. Traditional optical molecular probes, primarily composed of antibodies/peptides targeting tumour cells and fluorescent groups, are challenged by the high heterogeneity of NMIBC cells, leading to inadequate probe sensitivity. We have developed a collagen-adhesive probe (CA-P) to target the collagen within the tumour microenvironment, aiming to address the issue of insufficient imaging sensitivity. METHODS: The distribution characteristics of collagen in animal bladder cancer models and human bladder cancer tissues were explored. The synthesis and properties of CA-P were validated. In animal models, the imaging performance of CA-P was tested and compared with our previously reported near-infrared probe PLSWT7-DMI. The clinical translational potential of CA-P was assessed using human ex vivo bladder tissues. RESULTS: The distribution of collagen on the surface of tumour cells is distinct from its expression in normal urothelium. In vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of the CA-P to undergo a "sol-gel" transition upon interaction with collagen. In animal models and human ex vivo bladder specimens, CA-P exhibits superior imaging performance compared to PLSWT7-DMI. The sensitivity of this probe is 94.1%, with a specificity of 81%. CONCLUSION: CA-P demonstrates the capability to overcome tumour cell heterogeneity and enhance imaging sensitivity, exhibiting favorable imaging outcomes in preclinical models. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of CA-P in intraoperative navigation for NMIBC.

Discovery of Unusual Ajmaline-Macroline Type Bisindole Alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla by Building Blocks-Based Molecular Networking.

Three unusual ajmaline-macroline type bisindole alkaloids, alsmaphylines A-C, together with their postulated biogenetic precursors, were isolated from the stem barks and leaves of Alstonia macrophylla via the building blocks-based molecular network (BBMN) strategy. Alsmaphyline A represents a rare ajmaline-macroline type bisindole alkaloid with an S-shape polycyclic ring system. Alsmaphylines B and C are two novel ajmaline-macroline type bisindole alkaloids with N-1-C-21' linkages, and the former possesses an unconventional stacked conformation due to the presence of intramolecular noncovalent interactions. The chemical structures including absolute configurations of alsmaphylines A-C were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway of these bisindole alkaloids as well as their ability to promote the protein synthesis on HT22 cells were discussed.

Identification of a novel member of the genus Laulavirus (family Phenuiviridae) from the entomopathogenic ascomycete fungus Cordyceps javanica.

The virus family Phenuiviridae (order Hareavirales, comprising segmented negative-sense single stranded RNA viruses) has highly diverse members that are known to infect animals, plants, protozoans, and fungi. In this study, we identified a novel phenuivirus infecting a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps javanica isolated from a small brown plant hopper (Laodelphax striatellus), and this virus was tentatively named "Cordyceps javanica negative-strand RNA virus 1" (CjNRSV1). The CjNRSV1 genome consists of three negative-sense single stranded RNA segments (RNA1-3) with lengths of 7252, 2401, and 1117 nt, respectively. The 3'- and 5'-terminal regions of the RNA1, 2, and 3 segments have identical sequences, and the termini of the RNA segments are complementary to each other, reflecting a common characteristic of viruses in the order Hareavirales. RNA1 encodes a large protein (∼274 kDa) containing a conserved domain for the bunyavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) superfamily, with 57-80% identity to the RdRP encoded by phenuiviruses in the genus Laulavirus. RNA2 encodes a protein (∼79 kDa) showing sequence similarity (47-63% identity) to the movement protein (MP, a plant viral cell-to-cell movement protein)-like protein (MP-L) encoded by RNA2 of laulaviruses. RNA3 encodes a protein (∼28 kDa) with a conserved domain of the phenuivirid nucleocapsid protein superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis using the RdRPs of various phenuiviruses and other unclassified phenuiviruses showed CjNRSV1 to be grouped with established members of the genus Laulavirus. Our results suggest that CjNRSV1 is a novel fungus-infecting member of the genus Laulavirus in the family Phenuiviridae.