Spatiotemporal distribution and environmental influences of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Shandong Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease discovered in China in 2009. The purpose of this study was to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of SFTS and to identify its environmental influencing factors and potential high-risk areas in Shandong Province, China. METHODS: Data on the SFTS incidence from 2010 to 2021 were collected. Spatiotemporal scan statistics were used to identify the time and area of SFTS clustering. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to analyse environmental influences and predict high-risk areas. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2021, a total of 5705 cases of SFTS were reported in Shandong. The number of SFTS cases increased yearly, with a peak incidence from April to October each year. Spatiotemporal scan statistics showed the existence of one most likely cluster and two secondary likely clusters in Shandong. The most likely cluster was in the eastern region, from May to October 2021. The first secondary cluster was in the central region, from May to October 2021. The second secondary cluster was in the southeastern region, from May to September 2020. The MaxEnt model showed that the mean annual wind speed, NDVI, cattle density and annual cumulative precipitation were the key factors influencing the occurrence of SFTS. The predicted risk map showed that the area of high prevalence was 28,120 km2, accounting for 18.05% of the total area of the province. CONCLUSIONS: The spatiotemporal distribution of SFTS was heterogeneous and influenced by multidimensional environmental factors. This should be considered as a basis for delineating SFTS risk areas and developing SFTS prevention and control measures.

Dynamic lipid profile of hyperlipidemia mice.

Biomarkers of serum fatty acids in hyperlipidemia need to be elucidated. 90 SPF KM male mice were randomly divided into 18 groups (n=5/group), control groups, and high fat diet (HFD) groups at 9 time points. On day 7, 10, 15, 18, 21, 24, 28, 31, and 35, the mice were sacrificed; blood was collected into tubes from the eyes, serum samples for clinical biochemistry assays and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy were attained after centrifugation, and the contents of serum fatty acids were detected with GC-MS. Sections of livers were taken and stored in formalin solution for histological assessments. No species differences existed in all these groups. The contents of C16:1, C18:1, C22:6 were significantly different between HFD groups and the corresponding controls; meanwhile, the proportion of fatty acids, especially the monounsaturated degree, the polyunsaturated degree, changed significantly and regularly (P<0.05). Thus the three unsaturated fatty acids C16:1, C18:1, C22:6 and the monounsaturated/polyunsaturated unsaturated degrees may be as potential biomarkers of hyperlipidemia.

A novel preparation of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin from dimethyl carbonate and ß-cyclodextrin.

A novel green synthesis process about methyl-ß-cyclodextrin has been investigated through the reaction between ß-cyclodextrin and dimethyl carbonate by anhydrous potassium carbonate as catalyst in DMF. The influence of experimental factors including the molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to ß-cyclodextrin, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the average degree of substitution of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin was studied. The results show that the average degree of substitution of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin can be dependent on the reaction temperature and the molar ratio of raw material primarily. The structures of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin were characterized by TLC, IR, MS, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR.