A Fluorescent Probe with Zwitterionic ESIPT Feature for Ratiometric Monitoring of Peroxynitrite In Vitro and In Vivo.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), as a short-term reactive biological oxidant, could lead to a series of effects in various physiological and pathological processes due to its subtle concentration changes. In vivo monitoring of ONOO- and relevant physiological processes is urgently required. Herein, we describe a novel fluorescent probe termed HBT-Fl-BnB for the ratiometric detection of ONOO- in vitro and in vivo. The probe consists of an HBT core with Fl groups at the ortho and para positions responding to the zwitterionic excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (zwitterionic ESIPT) process and a boronic acid pinacol ester with dual roles that block the zwitterionic ESIPT and recognize ONOO-. Thanks to the specificity as well as low cytotoxicity, success in imaging of endogenous and exogenous ONOO- in living cells by HBT-Fl-BnB was obtained. Additionally, the applicability of HBT-Fl-BnB to tracking the abnormal expression of ONOO- in vivo induced by inactivated Escherichia coli was also explored. This is the first report of a fluorescent probe for ONOO- sensing via a zwitterionic ESIPT mechanism.

Elucidating High Initial Coulombic Efficiency, Pseudocapacitive Kinetics and Charge Storage Mechanism of Antiperovskite Carbide Ni3ZnC0.7@rGO Anode for Fast Sodium Storage in Ether Electrolyte.

To explore novel electrode materials with in-depth elucidation of initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), kinetics, and charge storage mechanisms is of great challenge for Na-ion storage. Herein, a novel 3D antiperovskite carbide Ni3ZnC0.7@rGO anode coupled with ether-based electrolyte is reported for fast Na-ion storage, exhibiting superior performance than ester-based electrolyte. Electrochemical tests and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Ni3ZnC0.7@rGO anode with ether-based electrolyte can promote charge/ion transport and lower Na+ diffusion energy barrier, thereby improving ICE, reversible capacity, rate, and cycling performance. Cross-sectional-morphology and depth profiling surface chemistry demonstrate that not only a thinner and more homogeneous reaction interface layer with less side effects but also a superior solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film with a high proportion of inorganic components are formed in the ether-based electrolyte, which accelerates Na+ transport and is the significant reason for the improvement of ICE and other electrochemical properties. Meanwhile, electrochemical and ex situ measurements have revealed conversion, alloying, and co-intercalation hybrid mechanisms of the Ni3ZnC0.7@rGO anode based on ether electrolyte. Interestingly, the Na-ion capacitors (SICs) designed by pairing with activated carbon (AC) cathode exhibit favorable electrochemical performance. Overall, this work provides deep insights on developing advanced materials for fast Na-ion storage.

Semi-Ionic F Modified N-Doped Porous Carbon Implanted with Ruthenium Nanoclusters toward Highly Efficient pH-Universal Hydrogen Generation.

Developing high electroactivity ruthenium (Ru)-based electrocatalysts for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is challenging due to the strong bonding strengths of key Ru─H/Ru─OH intermediates and sluggish water dissociation rates on active Ru sites. Herein, a semi-ionic F-modified N-doped porous carbon implanted with ruthenium nanoclusters (Ru/FNPC) is introduced by a hydrogel sealing-pyrolying-etching strategy toward highly efficient pH-universal hydrogen generation. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between Ru nanoclusters (Ru NCs) and hierarchically F, N-codoped porous carbon support, such synthesized catalyst displays exceptional HER reactivity and durability at all pH levels. The optimal 8Ru/FNPC affords ultralow overpotentials of 17.8, 71.2, and 53.8 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline, neutral, and acidic media, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that the F-doped substrate to support Ru NCs weakens the adsorption energies of H and OH on Ru sites and reduces the energy barriers of elementary steps for HER, thus enhancing the intrinsic activity of Ru sites and accelerating the HER kinetics. This work provides new perspectives for the design of advanced electrocatalysts by porous carbon substrate implanted with ultrafine metal NCs for energy conversion applications.

The lncRNA LINC01605 promotes the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by activating the mTOR signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1605 (LINC01605) in the process of tumor growth and liver metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS: LINC01605 was filtered out with specificity through TCGA datasets (related to DFS) and our RNA-sequencing data of PDAC tissue samples from Renji Hospital. The expression level and clinical relevance of LINC01605 were then verified in clinical cohorts and samples by immunohistochemical staining assay and survival analysis. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were performed to estimate the regulatory effects of LINC01605 in vitro. RNA-seq of LINC01605-knockdown PDAC cells and subsequent inhibitor-based cellular function, western blotting, immunofluorescence and rescue experiments were conducted to explore the mechanisms by which LINC01605 regulates the behaviors of PDAC tumor cells. Subcutaneous xenograft models and intrasplenic liver metastasis models were employed to study its role in PDAC tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo. RESULTS: LINC01605 expression is upregulated in both PDAC primary tumor and liver metastasis tissues and correlates with poor clinical prognosis. Loss and gain of function experiments in cells demonstrated that LINC01605 promotes the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells in vitro. In subsequent verification experiments, we found that LINC01605 contributes to PDAC progression through cholesterol metabolism regulation in a LIN28B-interacting manner by activating the mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, the animal models showed that LINC01605 facilitates the proliferation and metastatic invasion of PDAC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the upregulated lncRNA LINC01605 promotes PDAC tumor cell proliferation and migration by regulating cholesterol metabolism via activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in a LIN28B-interacting manner. These findings provide new insight into the role of LINC01605 in PDAC tumor growth and liver metastasis as well as its value for clinical approaches as a metabolic therapeutic target in PDAC.

CBe2 H5 - : Unprecedented 2σ/2π Double Aromaticity and Dynamic Structural Fluxionality in a Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Cluster.

A 14-electron ternary anionic CBe2 H5 - cluster containing a planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) atom is designed herein. Remarkably, it can be stabilized by only two beryllium atoms with both π-acceptor/σ-donor properties and two hydrogen atoms, which means that the conversion from planar methane (transition state) to ptC species (global minimum) requires the substitution of only two hydrogen atoms. Moreover, two ligand H atoms exhibit alternate rotation, giving rise to interesting dynamic fluxionality in this cluster. The electronic structure analysis reveals the flexible bonding positions of ligand H atoms due to C-H localized bonds, highlighting the rotational fluxionality in the cluster, and two CBe2 3c-2e delocalized bonds endow its rare 2σ/2π double aromaticity. Unprecedentedly, the fluxional process exhibits a conversion in the type of bonding (σ bond↔π bond), which is an uncommon fluxional mechanism. The cluster can be seen as an attempt to apply planar hypercoordinate carbon species to molecular motors.

Dynamic Structural Fluxionality in a Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Cluster Stabilized by Boron Ligands.

The design of boron-based molecular rotors stems from boron-carbon binary clusters containing multiple planar hypercoordinate carbons (phCs, such as C2B8). However, the design of boron-coordinated phCs is challenging due to boron's tendency to occupy hypercoordinate centers more than carbon. Although this challenge has been addressed, the designed clusters of interest have not exhibited dynamic fluxionality similar to that of the initial C2B8. To address this issue, we report a σ/π doubly aromatic CB2H5+ cluster, the first global minimum containing a boron-coordinated planar tetracoordinate carbon atom with dynamic fluxionality. Dynamics simulations show that two ligand H atoms exhibit alternate rotation, resulting in an intriguing dynamic fluxionality in this cluster. Electronic structure analysis reveals the flexible bonding positions of the ligand H atoms because they do not participate in π delocalized bonding nor bond to any other non-carbon atom, highlighting this rotational fluxionality. Unprecedentedly, the fluxional process involves not only the usual conversion of the number of bonding atoms, but also the type of bonding (3c π bonds ↔ 4c σ bonds), which is an uncommon fluxional mechanism. The cluster represents an effort to apply phC species to molecular machines.

Mitochondria-derived methylmalonic acid aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating reactive oxygen species-dependent ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a regulatory cell death process pivotal in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the precise mechanism underlying myocardial ferroptosis remains less known. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms of methylmalonic acid (MMA) associated with ferroptosis activation in cardiomyocytes after I/R. We found an increase level of MMA in patients with acute myocardial injury after reperfusion and AC16 cells under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) condition. MMA treatment was found to be associated with excessive oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, leading to ferroptosis-related myocardial injury. In mice with I/R injury, MMA treatment aggravated myocardial oxidative stress and ferroptosis, which amplified the myocardial infarct size and cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, MMA promoted NOX2/4 expression to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiomyocytes, aggravating myocardial injury. Notably, the increased ROS further activated ferroptosis by inhibiting solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. In addition, MMA decreased the ectopic nuclear distribution of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) by increasing the interaction between NRF2 and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). This impeded the activation of GPX4/SLC7A11, downstream of NRF2, activating ferroptosis and aggravating myocardial cell injury. Collectively, our study indicates that MMA activates oxidative stress and ROS generation, which induces ferroptosis to exacerbate cardiomyocyte injury in an I/R model. These findings may provide a new perspective for the clinical treatment of I/R injury and warrant further investigation.

Super-assembled periodic mesoporous organosilica membranes with hierarchical channels for efficient glutathione sensing.

Bioinspired nanochannel-based sensors have elicited significant interest because of their excellent sensing performance, and robust mechanical and tunable chemical properties. However, the existing designs face limitations due to material constraints, which hamper broader application possibilities. Herein, a heteromembrane system composed of a periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) layer with three-dimensional (3D) network nanochannels is constructed for glutathione (GSH) detection. The unique hierarchical pore architecture provides a large surface area, abundant reaction sites and plentiful interconnected pathways for rapid ionic transport, contributing to efficient and sensitive detection. Moreover, the thioether groups in nanochannels can be selectively cleaved by GSH to generate hydrophilic thiol groups. Benefiting from the increased hydrophilic surface, the proposed sensor achieves efficient GSH detection with a detection limit of 1.2 µM by monitoring the transmembrane ionic current and shows good recovery ranges in fetal bovine serum sample detection. This work paves an avenue for designing and fabricating nanofluidic sensing systems for practical and biosensing applications.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole in Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the factors that influence voriconazole (VCZ) plasma concentrations and optimize the doses of VCZ in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). METHODS: Patients with ESLD who received a VCZ maintenance dose of 100 mg twice daily (group A, n = 57) or the VCZ maintenance dose of 50 mg twice daily (group B, n = 37), orally or intravenously, were enrolled in this study. Trough plasma concentrations (Cmin) of VCZ between 1 and 5 mg/L were considered within the therapeutic target range. RESULTS: The VCZ Cmin was determined in 94 patients with ESLD. The VCZ Cmin of patients in group A was remarkably higher than those in group B (4.85 ± 2.53 mg/L vs 2.75 ± 1.40 mg/L; P < 0.001). Compared with group A, fewer patients in group B had VCZ Cmin outside the therapeutic target (23/57 vs. 6/37, P = 0.021). Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that both body weight and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores were closely associated with the VCZ Cmin in group B. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that dose optimization based on body weight and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores is required to strike an efficacy-safety balance during VCZ treatment in patients with ESLD.

HMGB1 as an extracellular pro-inflammatory cytokine: Implications for drug-induced organic damage.

Drug-induced organic damage encompasses various intricate mechanisms, wherein HMGB1, a non-histone chromosome-binding protein, assumes a significant role as a pivotal hub gene. The regulatory functions of HMGB1 within the nucleus and extracellular milieu are interlinked. HMGB1 exerts a crucial regulatory influence on key biological processes including cell survival, inflammatory regulation, and immune response. HMGB1 can be released extracellularly from the cell during these processes, where it functions as a pro-inflammation cytokine. HMGB1 interacts with multiple cell membrane receptors, primarily Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), to stimulate immune cells and trigger inflammatory response. The excessive or uncontrolled HMGB1 release leads to heightened inflammatory responses and cellular demise, instigating inflammatory damage or exacerbating inflammation and cellular demise in different diseases. Therefore, a thorough review on the significance of HMGB1 in drug-induced organic damage is highly important for the advancement of pharmaceuticals, ensuring their effectiveness and safety in treating inflammation as well as immune-related diseases. In this review, we initially outline the characteristics and functions of HMGB1, emphasizing their relevance in disease pathology. Then, we comprehensively summarize the prospect of HMGB1 as a promising therapeutic target for treating drug-induced toxicity. Lastly, we discuss major challenges and propose potential avenues for advancing the development of HMGB1-based therapeutics.

Analyzing the correlation between quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli resistance rates and climate factors: A comprehensive analysis across 31 Chinese provinces.

BACKGROUND: The increasing problem of bacterial resistance, particularly with quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QnR eco) poses a serious global health issue. METHODS: We collected data on QnR eco resistance rates and detection frequencies from 2014 to 2021 via the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, complemented by meteorological and socioeconomic data from the China Statistical Yearbook and the China Meteorological Data Service Centre (CMDC). Comprehensive nonparametric testing and multivariate regression models were used in the analysis. RESULT: Our analysis revealed significant regional differences in QnR eco resistance and detection rates across China. Along the Hu Huanyong Line, resistance rates varied markedly: 49.35 in the northwest, 54.40 on the line, and 52.30 in the southeast (P = 0.001). Detection rates also showed significant geographical variation, with notable differences between regions (P < 0.001). Climate types influenced these rates, with significant variability observed across different climates (P < 0.001). Our predictive model for resistance rates, integrating climate and healthcare factors, explained 64.1% of the variance (adjusted R-squared = 0.641). For detection rates, the model accounted for 19.2% of the variance, highlighting the impact of environmental and healthcare influences. CONCLUSION: The study found higher resistance rates in warmer, monsoon climates and areas with more public health facilities, but lower rates in cooler, mountainous, or continental climates with more rainfall. This highlights the strong impact of climate on antibiotic resistance. Meanwhile, the predictive model effectively forecasts these resistance rates using China's diverse climate data. This is crucial for public health strategies and helps policymakers and healthcare practitioners tailor their approaches to antibiotic resistance based on local environmental conditions. These insights emphasize the importance of considering regional climates in managing antibiotic resistance.

Analysis of cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant digestive tract tumor, with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Recently, cuproptosis was found to be copper-dependent cell death. This work aims to establish a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature which could predict the prognosis of PC patients and help clinical decision-making. Firstly, cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were identified in the TCGA-PAAD database. Next, a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature based on five lncRNAs was established. Besides, the ICGC cohort and our samples from 30 PC patients served as external validation groups to verify the predictive power of the risk signature. Then, the expression of CASC8 was verified in PC samples, scRNA-seq dataset CRA001160, and PC cell lines. The correlation between CASC8 and cuproptosis-related genes was validated by Real-Time PCR. Additionally, the roles of CASC8 in PC progression and immune microenvironment characterization were explored by loss-of-function assay. As showed in the results, the prognosis of patients with higher risk scores was prominently worse than that with lower risk scores. Real-Time PCR and single cell analysis suggested that CASC8 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and related to cuproptosis. Additionally, gene inhibition of CASC8 impacted the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of PC cells. Furthermore, CASC8 was demonstrated to impact the expression of CD274 and several chemokines, and serve as a key indicator in tumor immune microenvironment characterization. In conclusion, the cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature could provide valuable indications for the prognosis of PC patients, and CASC8 was a candidate biomarker for not only predicting the progression of PC patients but also their antitumor immune responses.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Patients with Primary Familial Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract, most of which are sporadic, and familial GISTs with germline mutations are rarely seen. Here, we report a 26-year-old female with a germline p. W557R mutation in exon 11 of the KIT gene. The proband and her father and sister presented with multifocal GIST and pigmented nevi. All 3 patients underwent surgery and imatinib therapy. To date, only 49 kindreds with germline KIT mutations and 6 kindreds with germline PDGFRA mutations have been reported. Summarizing the reported kindreds, the majority of familial GISTs manifest as multiple primary GISTs complicated with special clinical manifestations, including cutaneous hyperpigmentation, dysphagia, mastocytosis, inflammatory fibrous polyps, and large hands. Familial GISTs are generally thought to exhibit TKI sensitivity similar to that of sporadic GISTs with the same mutation.

Metabolic activation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: recent advance and further clinical practice.

At present, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling-related pathways have been successfully mediated to inhibit tumor proliferation and promote anti-angiogenesis effects for cancer therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), a group of novel chemotherapeutic agents, have been applied to treat diverse malignant tumors effectively. However, the latent toxic and side effects of TKIs, such as hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, limit their use in clinical practice. Metabolic activation has the potential to lead to toxic effects. Numerous TKIs have been demonstrated to be transformed into chemically reactive/potentially toxic metabolites following cytochrome P450-catalyzed activation, which causes severe adverse reactions, including hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, skin toxicity, immune injury, mitochondria injury, and cytochrome P450 inactivation. However, the precise mechanisms of how these chemically reactive/potentially toxic species induce toxicity remain poorly understood. In addition, we present our viewpoints that regulating the production of reactive metabolites may decrease the toxicity of TKIs. Exploring this topic will improve understanding of metabolic activation and its underlying mechanisms, promoting the rational use of TKIs. This review summarizes the updated evidence concerning the reactive metabolites of TKIs and the associated toxicities. This paper provides novel insight into the safe use of TKIs and the prevention and treatment of multiple TKIs adverse effects in clinical practice.

Dual-Functional Super-Assembled Mesoporous Carbon-Titania/AAO Hetero-Channels for Bidirectionally Photo-Regulated Ion Transport.

Photo-regulated nanofluidic devices have attracted great attention in recent years due to their adjustable ion transport in real time. However, most of the photo-responsive nanofluidic devices can only adjust the ionic current unidirectionally, and cannot simultaneously increase or decrease the current signal intelligently by one device. Herein, a mesoporous carbon-titania/ anodized aluminum hetero-channels (MCT/AAO) is constructed by super-assembly strategy, which exhibits dual-function of cation selectivity and photo response. The polymer and TiO2 nanocrystals jointly build the MCT framework. Polymer framework with abundant negatively charged sites endows MCT/AAO with excellent cation selectivity, and TiO2 nanocrystals are responsible for the photo-regulated ion transport. High photo current densities of 1.8 mA m-2 (increase) and 1.2 mA m-2 (decrease) are realized by MCT/AAO benefiting from the ordered hetero-channels. Significantly, MCT/AAO can also achieve the bidirectionally adjustable osmotic energy by alternating the configurations of concentration gradient. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that the superior photo-generated potential is responsible for the bidirectionally adjustable ion transport. Consequently, MCT/AAO performs the function of harvesting ionic energy from the equilibrium electrolyte solution, which greatly expands its practical application field. This work provides a new strategy in constructing dual-functional hetero-channels toward bidirectionally photo-regulated ionic transport and energy harvesting.

Redox Electrolytes-Assisting Aqueous Zn-Based Batteries by Pseudocapacitive Multiple Perovskite Fluorides Cathode and Charge Storage Mechanisms.

Aqueous Zn-based batteries (AZBs) have attracted intensive attention. However, to explore advanced cathode materials with in-depth elucidation of their charge storage mechanisms, improve energy storage capacity, and construct novel cell systems remain a great challenge. Herein, a new pseudocapacitive multiple perovskite fluorides (ABF3 ) cathode is designed, represented by KMF-(IV, V, and VI; M = NiCoMnZn/-Mg/-MgFe), and constructed Zn//KMF-(IV, V, and VI) AZBs and their flexible devices. Ex situ tests have revealed a typical bulk phase conversion mechanism of KMF-VI electrode for charge storage in alkaline media dominated by redox-active Ni/Co/Mn species, with transformation of ABF3 nanocrystals into amorphous metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide nanosheets. By employing single or bipolar redox electrolyte strategies of 20 mm [Fe(CN)6 ]3- or/and 10 mm SO3 2- /Cu[(NH3 )4 ]2+ acting on KMF-(IV, V, and VI) cathode and Zn anode, the AZBs show an improved energy storage owing to additional capacity contribution of redox electrolytes. The as-designed Zn//polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-KOH-K3 [Fe(CN)6 ]//KMF-(IV, V, and VI) redox gel electrolytes-assisting flexible AZBs (RGE-FAZBs) exhibit remarkable performance under different bending angles because of slight dissolution corrosion of zinc anode compared with liquid electrolytes. Overall, the work demonstrates the novel idea of conversion-type multiple ABF3 cathode for redox electrolytes-assisting AZBs (RE-AZBs) and their flexible systems, showing great significance on electrochemical energy storage.

Planar Hexacoordinate Beryllium: Covalent Bonding Between s-block Metals.

Achieving a planar hypercoordinate arrangement of s-block metals through covalent bonding with ligands is challenging due to the strong ionicity involved. Herein, we report the first case of a neutral binary global minimum containing a planar hexacoordinate beryllium atom. The central Be atom is coordinated by six active Be atoms, the latter in turn are enclosed by an equal number of more electronegative chlorine atoms in the periphery, forming a star-like phBe cluster (Be©Be6 Cl6 ). Importantly, the cluster exhibits dynamically stabilized stemming geometrically from the appropriate matching of metal-ligand size and electronically from adherence to the octet rule as well as possessing a 6σ/2π double aromaticity. Remarkably, energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) analysis reveals a significant covalent interaction between the ligand and the central metal beryllium atoms, a fact further supported by a large Wiberg bond index. This cluster is a promising synthetic as its excellent electronic, dynamic and thermodynamic stability.

Be3B11- cluster: a dynamically fluxional beryllo-borospherene.

The beryllium-doped Be3B11- cluster has two nearly isoenergetic isomers, adopting the smallest trihedral spherical geometries with a boron single-chain skeleton. The B11 skeleton in the global minimum (C2v, 1A1) comprises three conjoined boron rings (one B8/two B7) on the waist, sharing two B3 equilateral triangles at the top and bottom, respectively. However, the local minimum (Cs, 1A') has one deformed B4 pyramid at the top. The drastic structural transformation of B11 skeletons from perfectly planar B11 clusters mainly profited from robust electrostatic interaction between Be atoms and B11 skeletons. The dynamic simulations suggest that two species can interconvert via a novel mechanism, that is "triangle-pyramid-triangle", which facilitates the free migration of boron atoms in the B11 skeleton, thereby showing the fascinating dynamic fluxionality. The chemical bonding analyses reveal that the B11 skeleton is covered by two types of delocalized π bonds in an orthogonal direction, which leads to its spherical aromaticity.

Blockage of MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination by yuanhuacine restrains the carcinogenesis of prostate carcinoma cells by suppressing LncRNA LINC00665.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a challenging issue for men's health worldwide due to its uncontrolled proliferation and high metastatic potential. Increasing evidence has supported plant extracts and natural plant derivatives as promising antitumor therapy with less toxic side effects. Yuanhuacine is an active component isolated from Daphne genkwa and can effectively suppress the tumorigenesis of several cancers. However, its role in PCa remains unclear. In this study, yuanhuacine dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of PCa cells. Moreover, yuanhuacine also restrained the invasion and migration of PCa cells. Mechanically, yuanhuacine decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 protein, and ultimately increased p53 levels, which was regulated by inhibiting the phosphorylation and total protein levels of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). Moreover, elevation of MDM2 reversed the suppressive efficacy of yuanhuacine in PCa cell viability, invasion, and migration. The network pharmacologic and bioinformatics analysis confirmed that MDM2 might be a common target of D. genkwa and LINC00665. Furthermore, yuanhuacine inhibited LINC00665 expression. Upregulation of LINC00665 reversed yuanhuacine-mediated inhibition in MDM2 protein expression and suppressed p53 levels by enhancing its ubiquitination in yuanhuacine-treated cells. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of yuanhuacine on cell viability and metastatic potential were offset after LINC00665 elevation. Together, the current findings highlight that yuanhuacine may possess tumor-suppressive efficacy by inhibiting LINC00665-mediated MDM2/p53 ubiquitination signaling. Therefore, this study indicates that yuanhuacine may be a promising candidate for the treatment of PCa.

New insights into the degradation and detoxification of methylene blue using heterogeneous-Fenton catalyzed by sustainable siderite.

The huge application of synthetic dyes caused a severe impact in the environment. In the present study, a physico-chemical strategy of heterogeneous-Fenton catalyzed by the natural ferrous ore has been established for toxic chemical degradation, of which the complex and high-expense repetitive pH adjustment procedures were escaping. And this natural heterogeneous catalyst also could be recycled and sustainable for toxic substances treatment involved in synergetic adsorption and oxidation. The siderite, served as an adsorbent and catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). Siderite exhibited a better adsorption capacity with a saturated adsorption capacity of ∼11.08 mg/g. Batch adsorption experiments have verified that adsorption rate and adsorption equilibrium followed pseudo-second-order rate model and Langmuir isotherm equation, respectively. The combination with H2O2, showed significant enhancement of MB degradation without any pH adjustment. The effect of siderite dosage, H2O2 dosage, MB concentration, initial pH, and reaction temperature on MB degradation was investigated, which also has indicated the excellent catalytic performance of siderite. About 99.71% of MB was degraded in 480 min with initial pH of 7.0, reaction temperature of 25 °C, siderite, and H2O2 dosage of 2.5 g/L and 122.38 mM, respectively. It was found that siderite could be reused and remained high degradation efficiency on MB after 5 times reutilization, which also could demonstrate the sustainable and effective process to degrade organic pollution. The generation of reactive species including ·OH and O2·- have been confirmed based on scavenger test and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis, which was dominated by heterogeneous reaction. The possible degradation mechanisms of MB have been predicted based on spectrum scanning and GC-MS analysis. Moreover, acute toxicity assessment with marine photobacterium Vibrio fisheri was conducted to investigate the toxicity change in the adsorption/oxidation coupled process. This sustainable heterogeneous-Fenton technology has been verified as a promising and applicable process for toxic organic chemicals removal due to effective mineralization and detoxification assisted with the natural ore mineral through the simple operation and mild condtions.