ABSTRACT
To develop a HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS analysis method for the determination of gentiopicroside and loganic acid in Radix gentianae samples and for the research of their fingerprints. The samples were extracted using ASE for 10 min under 100 degrees C and 9.65 MPa, and divided into water phase and chloroform phase and analyzed them with HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS method respectively. Based on this method, the HPLC fingerprints of Radix gentianae were established. Comparing the spectrogram and mass spectrum of the chromatogram peak with the reference value, three compounds in water phase were identified as gentiopicroside, asafetida acid and loganic acid. There is no report of the compounds in chloroform phase. The content of gentiopicroside and loganic acid in samples of different groups were determined, separately. The fingerprints were compared by the software of the similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint. The water phase fingerprint congruence coefficients of samples from six different areas were above 0.90, however, the chloroform phase fingerprint congruence coefficients were within 0.62 -0.99. This method can be used for determination of potent component in Radix gentianae and its quality control. Radix gentianae from different producing areas have the largest diversities, and the diversities embodied in the content of chloroform phase compounds.
Subject(s)
Gentiana/chemistry , Glucosides/analysis , Iridoids/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Ecosystem , Glucosides/chemistry , Iridoid Glucosides , Iridoids/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methodsABSTRACT
Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) was applied to measure the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater collected from Jiaozhou Bay in June, 2005. The study areas include central Bay area, receptor areas of Dagu River, Licun River and Haibo River. The aim was to investigate the influence of discharges from several typical rivers to the receiving seawater. Dagu River discharges mostly freshwater, while the other two rivers discharges include more wastewaters from factories and sewages treatments. The results indicate that there is a redshift of the position of humic-like fluorescence peaks due to the discharges from sewages and wastewaters from factories. The intensities of protein-like and humic-like peaks were the strongest in the samples from area near Haibo River and Licun River, while the weakest fluorescence intensities of both protein-like and humic-like were observed in the samples collected from central bay area. This suggests that river inputs are the mains sources of DOM in seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, while DOM produced by bioactivity in situ dominates those in central Bay area. The relationships of protein-like and humic-like fluorescence intensities vary depending on the water samples. The DOM in seawater of Jiaozhou Bay may be polluted by protein-like organic matter produced by human activity, as indicated by higher ratios of protein-like and humic-like fluorescence intensities. The results suggest the potential utility of EEMs technique for trace DOM and land-based pollution sources.